{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T03:45:57Z","timestamp":1790307957946,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addictive Behaviors Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T15:45:38Z","timestamp":1769701538000},"page":"100672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Trends and Behavioral Correlates of Excessive Screen Time Among Swedish Adolescents: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study (2017\u20132023)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Amir","family":"Pakpour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4599-155X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina","family":"Huus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Kwasi","family":"Ahorsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1445-900X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gunilla","family":"Bj\u00f6rling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Brostr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Staffan","family":"Bengtsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malin","family":"Jakobsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1766-5899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marit","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.840284","article-title":"Stability of Risk Perception Across Pandemic and Non-pandemic Situations Among Young Adults: Evaluating the Impact of Individual Differences","volume":"13","author":"Buelow","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2014.11.016","article-title":"Tracking and predictors of screen time from early adolescence to early adulthood: A 10-year follow-up study","volume":"56","author":"Busschaert","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journal of Adolescent Health : Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2024.105049","article-title":"Unpacking the relationship between screen use and educational outcomes in childhood: A systematic literature review","volume":"215","author":"Caballero-Julia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gpeds.2023.100080","article-title":"Screen time in children and youth during the pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Global Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-023-02555-9","article-title":"Exploring the perception of parents on children's screentime: A systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies","volume":"94","author":"Chong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatric research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Council on Communications and Media, Strasburger, V. C., Hogan, M. J., Mulligan, D. A., Ameenuddin, N., Christakis, D. A., Cross, C., Fagbuyi, D. B., Hill, D. L., Levine, A. E., McCarthy, C., Moreno, M. A., & Swanson, W. S. L. (2013). Children, Adolescents, and the Media. Pediatrics, 132(5), 958\u2013961. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2013-2656.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-2656"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delisle Nystr\u00f6m, C., Carlander, A., Cassel, S., Rosell, M., J-Son H\u00f6\u00f6k, M., & L\u00f6f, M. (2023). Physical activity and screen time in Swedish children and adolescents: The generation pep study 2018-2021. Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992), 112(3), 460\u2013468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.16594.","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.16594"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2012.06.025","article-title":"Predictors and health consequences of screen-time change during adolescence\u20131993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study","volume":"51","author":"Dumith","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Adolescent Health : Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-83951-x","article-title":"Associations of time spent on different types of digital media with self-rated general and mental health in Swedish adolescents","volume":"15","author":"Frielingsdorf","year":"2025","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2024.104530","article-title":"A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies on screen time and the risk of depression in adolescents","volume":"251","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2015.10.004","article-title":"National Sleep Foundation's updated sleep duration recommendations: Final report","volume":"1","author":"Hirshkowitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0004262","article-title":"Adolescents' screen time displaces multiple sleep pathways and elevates depressive symptoms over twelve months","volume":"5","author":"H\u00f6kby","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLOS Global Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2023-220569","article-title":"Association of time spent on social media with youth cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use in the UK: A national longitudinal study","volume":"79","author":"Hopkinson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2024.108472","article-title":"A meta-analysis of self-regulation and digital recreation from birth to adolescence","volume":"163","author":"Howard","year":"2025","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14664-x","article-title":"The relationships between parents' and children's screen times on body mass index: A cross-sectional path analysis","volume":"22","author":"Ishii","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC public health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00e4gi-Braun, N., Hedin, L., Cassel, S., Carlander, A., J-Son H\u00f6\u00f6k, M., & L\u00f6f, M. (2025). Physical Activity and Screen Time Trends in Swedish Youth: The Generation Pep Study 2018\u20132023. Acta Paediatrica, n\/a https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.70146.","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.70146"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-007190","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on movement behaviours of children and adolescents: A systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Kharel","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Global Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-061929","article-title":"Cross-sectional associations between physical activity pattern, sports participation, screen time and mental health in Swedish adolescents","volume":"12","author":"Kjellenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17041401","article-title":"Determinants of Physical Activity and Screen Time Trajectories in 7th to 9th Grade Adolescents-A Longitudinal Study","volume":"17","author":"Krist","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2009.01451.x","article-title":"Online Communication and Adolescent Social Ties: Who benefits more from Internet use?","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539511429369","article-title":"Impulsivity, Self-Regulation,and Pathological Video Gaming Among Youth","volume":"27","author":"Liau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbr.2025.100720","article-title":"Association between screen time and health-related quality of life: Testing the displacement and relational hypotheses in a prospective cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Lo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0140","first-page":"38","article-title":"A Narrative Review of Screen Time and Wellbeing among Adolescents before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for the Future","volume":"11","author":"Lua","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sports (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2022.4116","article-title":"Assessment of Changes in Child and Adolescent Screen Time During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"176","author":"Madigan","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2686","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20102-x","article-title":"Screen time and mental health: A prospective analysis of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study","volume":"24","author":"Nagata","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.08.077","article-title":"Sociodemographic Correlates of Contemporary Screen Time Use among 9- and 10-Year-Old Children","volume":"240","author":"Nagata","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Journal of pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0160","series-title":"Literacy in the television age: The myth of the TV effect","author":"Neuman","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1115789","article-title":"COVID-19 and unfavorable changes in mental health unrelated to changes in physical activity, sedentary time, and health behaviors among Swedish adolescents: A longitudinal study","volume":"11","author":"Nyberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237725","article-title":"Psychological impacts of \u201cscreen time\u201d and \u201cgreen time\u201d for children and adolescents: A systematic scoping review","volume":"15","author":"Oswald","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e27620","article-title":"The Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS)-A psychometric evaluation of adolescents in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"10","author":"Pakpour","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152635","article-title":"Gaming disorder among Swedish adolescents: Measurement, risk factors, and classification","volume":"143","author":"Pakpour","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-025-03737-2","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Swedish adolescents\u2019 mental well-being: The role of impulsivity, sleep, spirituality, and self-esteem","volume":"13","author":"Pakpour","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC psychology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0190","first-page":"1665","article-title":"Screen Time and Its Health Consequences in Children and Adolescents","volume":"10","author":"Priftis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Children (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Primack, B. A., Shensa, A., Sidani, J. E., Whaite, E. O., Lin, L. y., Rosen, D., Colditz, J. B., Radovic, A., & Miller, E. (2017). Social Media Use and Perceived Social Isolation Among Young Adults in the U.S. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 53(1), 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2017.01.010.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2017.01.010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0200","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Sweden,. (2024). Recommendations forchildren\u2019s and adolescents\u2019digital media use. https:\/\/www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se\/publications."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2010.07.013","article-title":"Adolescent screen time and rules to limit screen time in the home","volume":"48","author":"Ramirez","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of Adolescent Health : Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1177\/000494419303700207","article-title":"Television and Schooling: Displacement and Distraction Hypotheses","volume":"37","author":"Roberts","year":"1993","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-023-01712-8","article-title":"An umbrella review of the benefits and risks associated with youths' interactions with electronic screens","volume":"8","author":"Sanders","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Human Behaviour"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-023-01166-7","article-title":"The associations between screen time and mental health in adolescents: A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Santos","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0235","first-page":"187","article-title":"Correlates of Screen Time in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review Study","volume":"15","author":"Shalani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Modern Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2021.100885","article-title":"Stress, internet use, substance use and coping among adolescents, young-adults and middle-age adults amid the \u2018new normal\u2019 pandemic era","volume":"12","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.822741","article-title":"Smartphone Use Type, Fear of Missing Out, Social Support, and Smartphone Screen Time Among Adolescents in Korea: Interactive Effects","volume":"10","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s40608-018-0214-4","article-title":"Mothers' and fathers' media parenting practices associated with young children's screen-time: A cross-sectional study","volume":"5","author":"Tang, L., Darlington, G., Ma, D. W. L., Haines, J., & Guelph Family Health Study","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102021","article-title":"The relationship between screen time and mental health in young people: A systematic review of longitudinal studies","volume":"86","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0260","volume":"eClinicalMedicine, 48","author":"Trott","year":"2022","journal-title":"Changes and correlates of screen time in adults and children during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0270","article-title":"Prevalence of high screen time and associated factors among students: A cross-sectional study in Zhejiang","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"China. BMJ Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.09.002","article-title":"A neurobiological taxonomy of sedentary behavior for brain health","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2024.02.003","article-title":"Sedentary behavior and lifespan brain health","volume":"28","author":"Zou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672_b0285","first-page":"235","article-title":"Association of screen time-based sedentary behavior and the risk of depression in children and adolescents: Dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Zou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (S\u00e3o Paulo)"}],"container-title":["Addictive Behaviors Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352853226000088?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352853226000088?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T10:54:14Z","timestamp":1783076054000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352853226000088"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S2352853226000088"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-8532"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-8532","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Trends and Behavioral Correlates of Excessive Screen Time Among Swedish Adolescents: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study (2017\u20132023)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.abrep.2026.100672","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100672"}}