{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T20:06:54Z","timestamp":1782331614294,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Analytica Chimica Acta"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,10]],"date-time":"2023-06-10T08:37:48Z","timestamp":1686386268000},"page":"341378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A microfluidic biosensor architecture for the rapid detection of COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1275","author":[{"given":"Sura A.","family":"Muhsin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muthana","family":"Al-Amidie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Sergovia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amjed","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6527-864X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Alkorjia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Hulsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1571-7309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary L.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeynep K.","family":"Erdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan J.","family":"Pletka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyleme S.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiu-Feng","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Almasri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341378_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","article-title":"A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin","volume":"579","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341378_bib2","unstructured":"E.M. Leroy, M. Ar Gouilh, J. Brug\u00e8re-Picoux, The."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341378_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110195","article-title":"New understanding of the damage of SARS-CoV-2 infection outside the respiratory system","volume":"127","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"10334","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341378_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02796-3","article-title":"Estimating excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic analysis of COVID-19-related mortality, 2020\u201321","volume":"399","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341378_bib5","author":"World Health Organization"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341378_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.ijmr_1627_21","article-title":"Plausibility of a third wave of COVID-19 in India: a mathematical modelling based analysis","volume":"153","author":"Mandal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341378_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2022.123409","article-title":"Review of COVID-19 testing and diagnostic methods","volume":"244","author":"Filchakova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341378_bib8","unstructured":"COVID-19 Test Basics | FDA, (n.d.). https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/covid-19-test-basics (accessed April 7, 2022)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341378_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-1495","article-title":"Variation in false-negative rate of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction\u2013based SARS-CoV-2 tests by time since exposure","volume":"173","author":"Kucirka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341378_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12040828","article-title":"Rapid and reliable detection of SARS-CoV-2 using direct RT-LAMP","volume":"12","author":"El-Kafrawy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"49","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341378_bib11","article-title":"COVID-19 diagnostic strategies. Part I: nucleic acid-based technologies","volume":"8","author":"Shaffaf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341378_bib12","article-title":"Electrochemical investigations for COVID-19 detection-A comparison with other viral detection methods","volume":"420","author":"Bukkitgar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341378_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00140-22","article-title":"Limit of detection for rapid antigen testing of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron and delta variants of concern using live-virus culture","volume":"60","author":"Stanley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341378_bib14","first-page":"1","article-title":"False negative rate of COVID-19 PCR testing: a discordant testing analysis","volume":"18","author":"Kanji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341378_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102915","article-title":"Serologic responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection among hospital staff with mild disease in eastern France","volume":"59","author":"Fafi-Kremer","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341378_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112752","article-title":"COVID-19 diagnosis \u2014a review of current methods","volume":"172","author":"Y\u00fcce","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341378_bib17","article-title":"An integrated impedance biosensor platform for detection of pathogens in poultry products","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341378_bib18","first-page":"1826","article-title":"Development of a low-cost cotton-tipped electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"93","author":"Eissa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cite This: Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341378_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01107-21","article-title":"A real-world comparison of SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen testing versus PCR testing in Florida","volume":"59","author":"Allan-Blitz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341378_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17028","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c06392","article-title":"Rapid, ultrasensitive, and quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 using antisense oligonucleotides directed electrochemical biosensor chip","volume":"14","author":"Alafeef","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341378_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7609","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b01314","article-title":"Electrochemical surface plasmon resonance fiber-optic sensor: in situ detection of electroactive biofilms","volume":"88","author":"Yuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341378_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.3390\/s22030751","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 detection using optical fiber based sensor method","volume":"22","author":"Hadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341378_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s41403-020-00103-z","article-title":"Label-free electrochemical detection of DNA hybridization: a method for COVID-19 diagnosis","volume":"5","author":"Tripathy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trans. Indian Nat. Acad. Eng."}],"container-title":["Analytica Chimica Acta"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003267023005998?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003267023005998?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T20:03:43Z","timestamp":1757707423000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003267023005998"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["S0003267023005998"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341378","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-2670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-2670","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A microfluidic biosensor architecture for the rapid detection of COVID-19","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Analytica Chimica Acta","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341378","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"341378"}}