{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:31:34Z","timestamp":1791894694618,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004481","name":"University of Tehran","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004481","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Analytica Chimica Acta"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T18:31:11Z","timestamp":1698949871000},"page":"341935","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A simple smartphone-assisted paper-based colorimetric biosensor for the detection of urea adulteration in milk based on an environment-friendly pH-sensitive nanocomposite"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1284","author":[{"given":"Farzaneh","family":"Shalileh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Sabahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5588-8818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Golbashy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Dadmehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1492-7443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morteza","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4897","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.9b00204","article-title":"Chemical composition of commercial cow's milk","volume":"67","author":"Foroutan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-6-25","article-title":"Bovine milk in human nutrition\u2013a review","volume":"6","author":"Haug","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2020.577759","article-title":"Composition, structure, and digestive dynamics of milk from different species\u2014a review","volume":"7","author":"Roy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib4","first-page":"22","article-title":"Common milk adulteration and their detection techniques","volume":"3","author":"Azad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Flow Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0307.12274","article-title":"Detection of adulteration in milk: a review","volume":"70","author":"Poonia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Dairy Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.11.034","article-title":"Recent advances on determination of milk adulterants","volume":"221","author":"Nascimento","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib7","first-page":"613","article-title":"Adulteration of milk and its detection: a review","volume":"5","author":"Reddy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Chem. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib8","article-title":"Milk adulterant detection: conventional and biosensor based approaches: a review","volume":"33","author":"Nagraik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens. Bio-Sens. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(98)75825-4","article-title":"Using milk urea nitrogen to predict nitrogen excretion and utilization efficiency in lactating dairy cows","volume":"81","author":"Jonker","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s12161-014-9873-z","article-title":"Detection of urea adulteration in milk using near-infrared Raman spectroscopy","volume":"8","author":"Khan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Anal. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2022.109500","article-title":"Sensitive colorimetric aptasensor based on peroxidase-like activity of ZrPr-MOF to detect Salmonella Typhimurium in water and milk","volume":"146","author":"Mirsadoughi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib12","series-title":"Novel Silver Nanocluster Based on Vancomycin Antibiotic with Peroxides like Activity for Colorimetric Detection of S. aureus Bacteria in Milk Samples","author":"Pebdeni","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.130137","article-title":"Sensitive detection of S. Aureus using aptamer- and vancomycin -copper nanoclusters as dual recognition strategy","volume":"361","author":"Bagheri Pebdeni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11687","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.201901815","article-title":"New colorimetric DNA sensor for detection of Campylobacter jejuni in milk sample based on peroxidase\u2010like activity of gold\/platinium nanocluster","volume":"4","author":"Dehghani","year":"2019","journal-title":"ChemistrySelect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-021-04745-w","article-title":"Sensitive colorimetric aptasensor based on g-C3N4@Cu2O composites for detection of Salmonella typhimurium in food and water","volume":"188","author":"Tarokh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1007\/s12161-020-01821-4","article-title":"Fluorescent turn-on aptasensor of Staphylococcus aureus based on the FRET between green carbon quantum dot and gold nanoparticle","volume":"13","author":"Pebdeni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Anal. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.134364","article-title":"Smartphone image analysis-based fluorescence detection of tetracycline using machine learning","volume":"403","author":"Mousavizadegan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6206","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.1c05592","article-title":"Multiplex detection of antibiotic residues in milk: application of MCR-ALS on excitation\u2013emission matrix fluorescence (EEMF) data sets","volume":"94","author":"Sheikholeslami","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1080\/19440049.2021.1914864","article-title":"Biosensing approaches to detect potential milk contaminants: a comprehensive review","volume":"38","author":"Farag","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Addit. Contam."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s11694-019-00278-2","article-title":"Electrochemical preparation of Fe 3 O 4\/MWCNT-polyaniline nanocomposite film for development of urea biosensor and its application in milk sample","volume":"14","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Food Meas. Char."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1080\/13102818.2005.10817216","article-title":"Enzyme based sensor for detection of urea in milk","volume":"19","author":"Renny","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Equip."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2015.05.029","article-title":"Non-enzymatic detection of urea using unmodified gold nanoparticles based aptasensor","volume":"72","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-17851-3","article-title":"3d paper-based milk adulteration detection device","volume":"12","author":"Patari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5383","DOI":"10.1039\/D1AY01339D","article-title":"Simultaneous analysis of multiple adulterants in milk using microfluidic paper-based analytical devices","volume":"13","author":"Guinati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3575","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201804706","article-title":"A versatile new paradigm for the design of optical nanosensors based on enzyme\u2010mediated detachment of labeled reporters: the example of urea detection","volume":"25","author":"Llopis\u2010Lorente","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem.--Eur. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21792","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.9b02638","article-title":"Anthocyanin-functionalized contact lens sensors for ocular pH monitoring","volume":"4","author":"Riaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.10.120","article-title":"Loading of anthocyanins on chitosan nanoparticles influences anthocyanin degradation in gastrointestinal fluids and stability in a beverage","volume":"221","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catcom.2010.09.030","article-title":"Immobilization of enzyme biocatalyst on natural halloysite nanotubes","volume":"12","author":"Zhai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Catal. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.200400120","article-title":"Halloysite nanotubes as biomimetic nanoreactors","volume":"1","author":"Shchukin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","article-title":"Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent","volume":"193","author":"Lowry","year":"1951","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clay.2020.105770","article-title":"Designing a pH-responsive drug delivery system for the release of black-carrot anthocyanins loaded in halloysite nanotubes for cancer treatment","volume":"197","author":"Hamedi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Clay Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.14.2.202","article-title":"A simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of urea in blood and urine","volume":"14","author":"With","year":"1961","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13186","DOI":"10.3390\/s140713186","article-title":"A large response range reflectometric urea biosensor made from silica-gel nanoparticles","volume":"14","author":"Alqasaimeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1007\/s00775-020-01808-w","article-title":"The structure-based reaction mechanism of urease, a nickel dependent enzyme: tale of a long debate","volume":"25","author":"Mazzei","year":"2020","journal-title":"JBIC, J. Biol. Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib35","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anthocyanin food colorant and its application in pH-responsive color change indicator films","volume":"61","author":"Roy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1180\/0009855054040180","article-title":"Halloysite clay minerals\u2014a review","volume":"40","author":"Joussein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clay Miner."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10559","DOI":"10.1021\/am4022973","article-title":"Surface modification of halloysite nanotubes with dopamine for enzyme immobilization","volume":"5","author":"Chao","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.5b01542","article-title":"Halloysite clay nanotubes for enzyme immobilization","volume":"17","author":"Tully","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMM.393.115","article-title":"Nanoclay supporting materials for enzymes immobilization: kinetics investigation of free and immobilized system","volume":"393","author":"Rahim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Mech. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2020.110247","article-title":"Halloysite nanotubes as a carrier of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) bioactives","volume":"134","author":"Blagojevi\u0107","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lwt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clay.2022.106489","article-title":"Anthocyanins and phenolic acids from Prunus spinosa L. encapsulation in halloysite and maltodextrin based carriers","volume":"222","author":"Blagojevi\u0107","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Clay Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib42","first-page":"1","article-title":"Monitoring pH during pasteurization of raw cow's milk using Nd: YAG laser","volume":"4","author":"Marouf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Res. Phys. Sci. (IJARPS)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6290","DOI":"10.1039\/C2CS35231A","article-title":"Modifying enzyme activity and selectivity by immobilization","volume":"42","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.3390\/min8070296","article-title":"Selective fabrication of barium carbonate nanoparticles in the lumen of halloysite nanotubes","volume":"8","author":"Ouyang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Minerals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib45","article-title":"The chemical bonds effect of anthocyanin and chlorophyll dyes on TiO2 for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC)","author":"Ahliha","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Phys.: Conf. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3389\/fmats.2015.00069","article-title":"Dodecylamine-loaded halloysite nanocontainers for active anticorrosion coatings","volume":"2","author":"Falcon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5674","DOI":"10.1039\/C7AY01321C","article-title":"Paper test card for detection of adulterated milk","volume":"9","author":"Luther","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0307.2000.tb02666.x","article-title":"An approach to the detection of synthetic milk in dairy milk: 1. Detection of urea","volume":"53","author":"Paradkar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Dairy Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s12668-012-0062-5","article-title":"Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles from Syzygium aromaticum extract and its use in enhancing the response of a colorimetric urea biosensor","volume":"2","author":"Kaur","year":"2012","journal-title":"BioNanoScience"}],"container-title":["Analytica Chimica Acta"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000326702301156X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000326702301156X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T11:45:12Z","timestamp":1762083912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S000326702301156X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S000326702301156X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-2670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-2670","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A simple smartphone-assisted paper-based colorimetric biosensor for the detection of urea adulteration in milk based on an environment-friendly pH-sensitive nanocomposite","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Analytica Chimica Acta","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341935","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"341935"}}