{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:53:02Z","timestamp":1791305582863,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Analytica Chimica Acta"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:37:05Z","timestamp":1787067425000},"page":"346146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A self-calibrating porphyrin-based optofluidic system with edge-deployable chemometrics for online fluoride monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1423","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8584-709X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sagar","family":"Rana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anupma","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Neena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amol P.","family":"Bhondekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudeshna","family":"Bagchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4462","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.201900453","article-title":"Development of highly efficient dual sensor based on carbon dots for direct estimation of iron and fluoride ions in drinking water","volume":"4","author":"Sarkar","year":"2019","journal-title":"ChemistrySelect"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cem.70033","article-title":"Multiview ensemble learning framework for real\u2010time UV spectroscopic detection of nitrate in water with chemometric modelling","volume":"39","author":"Rana","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Chemom."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7160","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.1c02101","article-title":"Highly sensitive optical sensor for selective detection of fluoride level in drinking water: methodology to fabrication of prototype device","volume":"9","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3102","DOI":"10.1039\/b909635n","article-title":"Multiple fluorescent chemical sensing and imaging","volume":"39","author":"Stich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1021\/cr068102g","article-title":"Optical chemical sensors","volume":"108","author":"McDonagh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib6","article-title":"Ensemble learning-assisted spectroelectrochemical sensing platform for detection of fluoride in water","author":"Rana","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eng. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsd.2019.100224","article-title":"Concentration of fluoride in groundwater of India: a systematic review, meta-analysis and risk assessment","volume":"9","author":"Ali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Groundw. Sustain. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.137631","article-title":"Development of a fluorescent strategy for quantification of fluoride ions in foods and toothpaste","volume":"448","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2024.138108","article-title":"A ratiometric fluorescent probe with 1, 2, 4-Triazole recognition unit for fluoride ion detection based on synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy","volume":"1308","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3320","DOI":"10.1021\/ol101081m","article-title":"Colorimetric and ratiometric Red Fluorescent chemosensor for fluoride ion based on diketopyrrolopyrrole","volume":"12","author":"Qu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA06782B","article-title":"Simple colorimetric and ratiometric Fluoride ion probe with large color change","volume":"11","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"issue":"84","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53379","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA09972J","article-title":"Multicolorful ratiometric-fluorescent test paper for determination of fluoride ions in environmental water","volume":"7","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"issue":"54","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49158","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA04747E","article-title":"A colorimetric and ratiometric Fluorescence sensor for sensitive detection of fluoride ions in water and toothpaste","volume":"6","author":"Qiu","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7741","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.joc.6b01361","article-title":"Fluoride-Triggered ring-opening of photochromic diarylpyrans into Merocyanine dyes: Naked-Eye sensing in subppm levels","volume":"81","author":"Mukhopadhyay","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1021\/ic402524z","article-title":"Extension of novel lanthanide luminescent mesoporous nanostructures to detect fluoride","volume":"53","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b04598","article-title":"Visual detection of fluoride anions using mixed lanthanide metal\u2013organic frameworks with a smartphone","volume":"92","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16052","DOI":"10.1039\/C5DT02356D","article-title":"Colorimetric and fluorimetric detection of fluoride and cyanide ions using tri and Tetra coordinated boron containing chromophores","volume":"44","author":"Misra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2021.115293","article-title":"Cascade detection of fluoride and bisulphate ions by newly developed hydrazine functionalised schiff bases","volume":"326","author":"Roy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2020.104803","article-title":"Fluorescent graphitic carbon nitride and graphene oxide quantum dots as efficient nanozymes: colorimetric detection of fluoride ion in water by graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots","volume":"9","author":"Devi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.125184","article-title":"Blue\/Yellow emissive carbon dots coupled with curcumin: a hybrid sensor toward Fluorescence Turn-on detection of fluoride ion","volume":"411","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5511","DOI":"10.1021\/cr400352m","article-title":"Fluorescence and colorimetric chemosensors for fluoride-ion detection","volume":"114","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2809","DOI":"10.1039\/b902069a","article-title":"Recognition and sensing of fluoride anion","author":"Cametti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1039\/C2CS35439J","article-title":"Highlights on contemporary recognition and sensing of fluoride anion in solution and in the solid State","volume":"42","author":"Cametti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5318","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0500153","article-title":"Highly selective optical fluoride ion sensor with submicromolar detection limit based on Aluminum(III) octaethylporphyrin in thin polymeric film","volume":"127","author":"Badr","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8279","DOI":"10.1021\/jo061161+","article-title":"Fluoride ion-triggered dual fluorescence switch based on Naphthalimides winged zinc porphyrin","volume":"71","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11962","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NJ01866E","article-title":"Highly electron deficient tetrabenzoquinone-appended Ni (Ii) and Cu (Ii) porphyrins: spectral, solvatochromatic, electrochemical redox and tuneable F- and CN- sensing properties","volume":"41","author":"Rathi","year":"2017","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14377","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.joc.3c01255","article-title":"Stable inner 2H tautomer of N-Confused-like porphyrin embedded with a carbazole subunit: synthesis, metal coordination, and magnetic and anion sensing studies","volume":"88","author":"Kalaiselvan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b03424","article-title":"Low-Cost, Robust, and field portable smartphone platform photometric sensor for fluoride level detection in drinking water","volume":"89","author":"Hussain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1021\/es2028718","article-title":"Design and development of novel sensors for the determination of fluoride in water","volume":"46","author":"Balan Pillai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2018.12.024","article-title":"The application of germanium (IV)-Porphyrins as fluoride-selective ionophores for polymeric membrane electrodes","volume":"833","author":"Siwiec","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Electroanal. Chem."},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11669","DOI":"10.1039\/C7DT01158J","article-title":"\u03b2-Dicyanovinyl substituted porphyrinogen: synthesis, a reversible sensor for picric acid among explosives and a unique sensor for cyanide and fluoride ions by switching between various porphyrinoid States","volume":"46","author":"Chahal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4384","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.3c01848","article-title":"Near-infrared fluoride sensing nano-optodes and distance-based hydrogels containing aluminum-phthalocyanine","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"issue":"15\u201316","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.200302814","article-title":"Recognition of anions using metalloporphyrin\u2010based ion\u2010selective membranes: state-of-the-art","volume":"15","author":"G\u00f3rski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.689","article-title":"Effects of some trivalent metal ions on the fluoride\u2010induced chemiluminescence from a phenylphosphate\u2010substituted dioxetane lumigen PPD","volume":"17","author":"Shamsipur","year":"2002","journal-title":"Luminescence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib35","series-title":"Fundamentals of Organic Reaction Mechanisms","author":"Harris","year":"1976"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1970.10488634","article-title":"Ridge regression: biased estimation for nonorthogonal problems","volume":"12","author":"Hoerl","year":"1970","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib37","article-title":"A unified approach to interpreting model predictions","volume":"30","author":"Lundberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib38","unstructured":"COMSOL Multiphysics\u00ae V. 6.2. Www.Comsol.Com. COMSOL AB, Stockholm, Sweden."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-8949\/86\/06\/065801","article-title":"Gamma-Ray sensor based on an iron chloride tetraphenyl Porphyrin\/p-Silicon heterojunction diode","volume":"86","author":"Zeyada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Scr."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5006126","article-title":"Spectroscopy of N, N-Dimethylformamide in the VUV and IR regions: experimental and computational studies","volume":"147","author":"Shastri","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1051\/epjap\/2010134","article-title":"Structural and optical properties of iron (III) chloride tetraphenylporphyrin thin films","volume":"52","author":"El-Nahass","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02708531","article-title":"Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic studies of Dithia tetraphenylporphine","volume":"118","author":"Mishra","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Chem. Sci."},{"issue":"S21","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1002\/qua.560320765","article-title":"Ab initioMO study of Fe out-of-plane displacement and Fe-Ligand vibration in five-coordinate Fe-Porphyrin","volume":"32","author":"Saito","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int. J. Quant. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jssc.2019.06.036","article-title":"Crystal structure, phase transitions, dielectric and vibrational studies and photoluminescence properties of a new iron fluoride based on bipyridine","volume":"277","author":"Bouketaya","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Solid State Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2012.07.002","article-title":"Application of the electronic spectra of porphyrins for analytical purposes: the effects of metal ions and structural distortions","volume":"107","author":"Valicsek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2852(61)90236-3","article-title":"Spectra of porphyrins","volume":"6","author":"Gouterman","year":"1961","journal-title":"J. Mol. Spectrosc."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1021\/jp984807d","article-title":"Theoretical study of the Q and B bands of free-base, magnesium, and zinc porphyrins, and their derivatives","volume":"103","author":"Hashimoto","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. A"}],"container-title":["Analytica Chimica Acta"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003267026010962?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003267026010962?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:06:49Z","timestamp":1791302809000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003267026010962"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S0003267026010962"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-2670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-2670","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A self-calibrating porphyrin-based optofluidic system with edge-deployable chemometrics for online fluoride monitoring","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Analytica Chimica Acta","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aca.2026.346146","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"346146"}}