{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:44:42Z","timestamp":1791830682252,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,1]],"date-time":"2017-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","academicpedsjnl.net","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Academic Pediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,3]],"date-time":"2017-05-03T02:31:08Z","timestamp":1493778668000},"page":"349-355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":211,"title":["Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and ADHD Diagnosis and Severity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Nicole M.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzette N.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahil D.","family":"Briggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguelina","family":"Germ\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter F.","family":"Belamarich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzette O.","family":"Oyeku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2013.09.001","article-title":"Trends in the parent-report of health care provider-diagnosed and medicated attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: United States, 2003-2011","volume":"53","author":"Visser","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib2","unstructured":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Statistical Brief # 276. Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in children, ages 5-17: use and expenditures, 2007. Available at: http:\/\/meps.ahrq.gov\/mepsweb\/data_files\/publications\/st276\/stat276.pdf. Accessed January 21,\u00a02014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2654","article-title":"ADHD: clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents","volume":"128","author":"Wolraich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib4","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib5","series-title":"SAMHSA's working definition of trauma and guidance for trauma-informed approach","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e232","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2663","article-title":"The lifelong effects of early childhood adversity and toxic stress","volume":"129","author":"Shonkoff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2015.05.010","article-title":"Translating developmental science to address childhood adversity","volume":"15","author":"Garner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2012.12.001","article-title":"Parents psychopathology of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"34","author":"Margari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res Rev Disabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1177\/1063426607310849","article-title":"Mother and adolescent reports of interparental discord among parents of adolescents with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"16","author":"Wymbs","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Emot Behav Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12170","article-title":"The association of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with socioeconomic disadvantage: alternative explanations and evidence","volume":"55","author":"Russell","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","article-title":"Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study","volume":"14","author":"Felitti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2011.0596","article-title":"Independent review of social and population variation in mental health could improve diagnosis in DSM revisions","volume":"32","author":"Hansen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00439","article-title":"Psychosocial adversities underestimated in hyperkinetic children","volume":"40","author":"Overmyer","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922814540985","article-title":"Practice patterns and guideline adherence in the management of attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"53","author":"McElligot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-1500","article-title":"Variability in ADHD care in community-based pediatrics","volume":"134","author":"Epstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e31827a3a22","article-title":"The psychometric properties of the Vanderbilt attention-deficit disorder diagnostic parent rating scale in a community population","volume":"34","author":"Bard","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022602400621","article-title":"The revised Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-R): factor structure, reliability, and criterion validity","volume":"26","author":"Conners","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2015.08.002","article-title":"Do pediatricians ask about adverse childhood experiences in pediatric primary care?","volume":"16","author":"Kerker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.06.002","article-title":"Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and child maltreatment: a population-based study","volume":"153","author":"Ouyang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199511000-00017","article-title":"Impact of adversity on functioning and comorbidity in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"34","author":"Biederman","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib21","series-title":"2011\/12 National Survey of Children's Health. Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative (CAHMI), 2011-2012 NSCH: Child Health Indicator and Subgroups SAS Codebook, Version 1.0","year":"2013"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200202001-00002","article-title":"Preschool attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a review of prevalence, diagnosis, neurobiology, and stimulant treatment","volume":"1","author":"Connor","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib23","series-title":"Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey data","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.17.1652","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and smoking during adolescence and adulthood","volume":"282","author":"Anda","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.22","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and child health in early adolescence","volume":"167","author":"Flaherty","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2014.0944","article-title":"The changing nature of children's health development: new challenges require major policy solutions","volume":"33","author":"Halfon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.07.011","article-title":"Impacts of adverse childhood experiences on health, mental health, and substance use in early adulthood: a cohort study of an urban, minority sample in the US","volume":"37","author":"Mersky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2005.15.88","article-title":"Race\/ethnicity and insurance status as factors associated with ADHD treatment patterns","volume":"15","author":"Stevens","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.05.013","article-title":"Pathways from childhood abuse and other adversities to adult health risks: the role of adult socioeconomic conditions","volume":"51","author":"Font","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12237","article-title":"Commentary: ADHD and social disadvantage: an inconvenient truth? \u2013a reflection on Russell et\u00a0al. (2014) and Larsson, et\u00a0al. (2014)","volume":"55","author":"Nigg","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950180050007","article-title":"Family-environment risk factors for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. A test of Rutter's indicators of adversity","volume":"52","author":"Biederman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e512","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0243","article-title":"Fragmented care for inner-city minority children with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"116","author":"Guevara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054711427563","article-title":"Pre-and postnatal risk factors for ADHD in a nonclinical pediatric population","volume":"17","author":"Sagiv","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Atten Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000049","article-title":"The role of early life stress in adult psychiatric disorders: a systematic review according to childhood trauma subtypes","volume":"201","author":"Carr","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200312000-00008","article-title":"Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: increased costs for patients and their families","volume":"42","author":"Swensen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199901000-00019","article-title":"Antecedents and complications of trauma in boys with ADHD: findings from a longitudinal study","volume":"38","author":"Wozniak","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.67.5.786","article-title":"Trauma exposure among children with oppositional defiant disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"67","author":"Ford","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054714561290","article-title":"Maternal ADHD symptoms, personality, and parenting stress: differences between mothers of children with ADHD and mothers of comparison children","author":"Perez Algorta","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Atten Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013_bib39","first-page":"83","article-title":"ADHD and comorbid disorders in relation to family environment and symptom severity","volume":"19","author":"Hurtig","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Academic Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1876285916304168?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1876285916304168?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,2]],"date-time":"2018-09-02T01:27:47Z","timestamp":1535851667000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1876285916304168"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1876285916304168"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1876-2859"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1876-2859","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and ADHD Diagnosis and Severity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Academic Pediatrics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acap.2016.08.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 by Academic Pediatric Association","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}