{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T00:58:09Z","timestamp":1793753889183,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 AG071448"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG071448"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG071450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG071450"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007810","name":"University of North Carolina Wilmington","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 HD31921"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 HD31921"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007810","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08HL159350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08HL159350"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["academicpedsjnl.net","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Academic Pediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,6]],"date-time":"2021-11-06T19:38:31Z","timestamp":1636227511000},"page":"972-980","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Adverse Childhood Experiences and Criminal Justice Contact in Adulthood"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8686-9115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Testa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dylan B.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle T.","family":"Ganson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason M.","family":"Nagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e517","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30145-8","article-title":"Life course health consequences and associated annual costs of adverse childhood experiences across Europe and North America: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Bellis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Pub Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","article-title":"Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study","volume":"14","author":"Felitti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2020.02.002","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and food insecurity in adulthood: evidence from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health","volume":"67","author":"Testa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13353","article-title":"Unfair police treatment and sleep problems among a national sample of adults","author":"Testa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0005","series-title":"Why Two Can be Greater Than Four or More: What Mental Health Providers Should Know","author":"Briggs","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-021030","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and justice system contact: a systematic review","volume":"147","author":"Graf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0007","series-title":"Engineering, and Medicine. Proactive Policing: Effects on Crime and Communities","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0008","series-title":"The Growth of Incarceration in the United States: Exploring Causes and Consequences","author":"Travis","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-017-0611-1","article-title":"The growth, scope, and spatial distribution of people with felony records in the United States, 1948\u20132010","volume":"54","author":"Shannon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0010","series-title":"Report to the United Nations on Racial Disparities in the US Criminal Justice System","author":"Mauer","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2015.04.012","article-title":"The relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and juvenile offending trajectories in a juvenile offender sample","volume":"43","author":"Baglivio","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Crim Just"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1177\/1541204018756470","article-title":"The potential mediating impact of future orientation on the ACE\u2013crime relationship","volume":"17","author":"Craig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Youth Violen Juv Just"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1177\/1541204017735568","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and adolescent delinquency in a high-risk sample: a comparison of white and black youth","volume":"16","author":"Fagan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Youth Violen Juv Just"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-4016","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and adult well-being in a low-income, urban cohort","volume":"137","author":"Giovanelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1177\/1541204018809836","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and justice-involved youth: the effect of trauma and programming on different recidivistic outcomes","volume":"17","author":"Kowalski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Youth Violen Juv Just"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.18060\/21204","article-title":"You learn what you live: prevalence of childhood adversity in the lives of juveniles arrested for sexual offenses","volume":"18","author":"Levenson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advance Soc Work"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063215603064","article-title":"Youth arrested for trading sex have the highest rates of childhood adversity: a statewide study of juvenile offenders","volume":"29","author":"Naramore","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sex Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/0011128716684806","article-title":"A path to serious, violent, chronic delinquency: the harmful aftermath of adverse childhood experiences","volume":"64","author":"Perez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crime Delinq"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2016.09.005","article-title":"The impact of trauma on the onset of mental health symptoms, aggression, and criminal behavior in an inpatient psychiatric sample","volume":"61","author":"Stinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Abuse Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1177\/1541204017698213","article-title":"The racial and gender differences in the impact of adverse childhood experiences on juvenile residential placement","volume":"16","author":"Zettler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Youth Violen Juv Just"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1037\/ort0000436","article-title":"Incarceration and adversity histories: modeling life course pathways affecting behavioral health","volume":"90","author":"Fleming","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Orthopsychiat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650504600206","article-title":"Stress, health, and the life course: some conceptual perspectives","volume":"46","author":"Pearlin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2020.03.013","article-title":"Adverse childhood experience and social risk: pediatric practice and potential","volume":"20","author":"Conn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-005-0624-4","article-title":"The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood","volume":"256","author":"Anda","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Arch Psychiat Clinic Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0025","series-title":"The Anatomy of Violence: The Biological Roots of Crime","author":"Raine","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0026","first-page":"186","article-title":"Long-term impact of childhood abuse and neglect on crime and violence","volume":"24","author":"Widom","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinic Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz115","article-title":"Cohort profile: the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add health)","volume":"48","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-4314","article-title":"Health care use and health behaviors among young adults with history of parental incarceration","volume":"142","author":"Heard-Garris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2021.09.011","article-title":"Maternal adverse childhood experiences and pregnancy intentions","volume":"64","author":"Testa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annal Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2015.08.002","article-title":"Do pediatricians ask about adverse childhood experiences in pediatric primary care?","volume":"16","author":"Kerker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/15412040211003648","article-title":"All in the family? Exploring the intergenerational transmission of exposure to adverse childhood experiences and their effect on offending behavior","author":"Craig","year":"2021","journal-title":"Youth Violen Juv Just"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-criminol-011419-041519","article-title":"The intergenerational transmission of criminal justice contact","volume":"3","author":"Wildeman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Rev Criminol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2020.01.009","article-title":"Inside the adverse childhood experience score: strengths, limitations, and misapplications","volume":"59","author":"Anda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.02.019","article-title":"Preventing child maltreatment: examination of an established statewide home-visiting program","volume":"79","author":"Chaiyachati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1080\/09627250708553251","article-title":"Home visiting nurses? preventing crime by improving pre-natal and infant health and development","volume":"69","author":"Olds","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crim Just Matters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2014.0914","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences: assessing the impact on health and school engagement and the mitigating role of resilience","volume":"33","author":"Bethell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Affairs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2018.05425","article-title":"Family resilience and connection promote flourishing among US children, even amid adversity","volume":"38","author":"Bethell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Affairs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08789-0","article-title":"Interventions to support people exposed to adverse childhood experiences: systematic review of systematic reviews","volume":"20","author":"Lorenc","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pub Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0039","first-page":"1","article-title":"The impact of incarceration on recidivism","volume":"5","author":"Loeffler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Rev Criminol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2020.101686","article-title":"A systematic review of the effectiveness of the electronic monitoring of offenders","volume":"68","author":"Belur","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Crim Just"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s11292-005-3541-7","article-title":"The positive effects of cognitive\u2013behavioral programs for offenders: a meta-analysis of factors associated with effective treatment","volume":"1","author":"Landenberger","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Experiment Criminol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.04.007","article-title":"A review of primary care interventions to improve health outcomes in adult survivors of adverse childhood experiences","volume":"46","author":"Korotana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinic Psychol Rev"}],"container-title":["Academic Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1876285921005325?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1876285921005325?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T17:06:22Z","timestamp":1761757582000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1876285921005325"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1876285921005325"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["1876-2859"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1876-2859","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Adverse Childhood Experiences and Criminal Justice Contact in Adulthood","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Academic Pediatrics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acap.2021.10.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Academic Pediatric Association","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}