{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T15:48:50Z","timestamp":1782402530059,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["461381"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["461381"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2009998"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2009998"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["academicpedsjnl.net","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Academic Pediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T05:19:51Z","timestamp":1763183991000},"page":"103185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Social and Economic Factors and Disparities in Pediatric Trauma Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2557-2796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janyce Eunice","family":"Gnanvi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle","family":"Freire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Yanchar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Beaulieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pier-Alexandre","family":"Tardif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judica\u00ebl","family":"Adadja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6657-3915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e9lanie","family":"B\u00e9rub\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Macpherson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Pike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7807-2459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger","family":"Zemek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2043-1644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabelle J.","family":"Gagnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8180-9770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sasha","family":"Carsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7096-7688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Belinda","family":"Gabbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soualio","family":"Gnanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Duval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynne","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Social Determinants of Health. Accessed May 01, 2023. Available at: \u3008https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/social-determinants-of-health#\u3009."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549141291S206","article-title":"The social determinants of health: it's time to consider the causes of the causes","volume":"129","author":"Braveman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e31828e6489","article-title":"Racial disparities in ordering laboratory and radiology tests for pediatric patients in the emergency department","volume":"29","author":"Payne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S224","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1100K","article-title":"Health care quality-improvement approaches to reducing child health disparities","volume":"124","author":"Chin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-061176","article-title":"Hospital-based pediatric quality improvement interventions and health disparities: a scoping review of the literature","volume":"153","author":"Schechter","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000003045","article-title":"Causes of early mortality in pediatric trauma patients","volume":"90","author":"Theodorou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib7","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Understanding Child Trauma 2022. Accessed January 05, 2023. Available at: \u3008https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/child-trauma\/understanding-child-trauma\u3009."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.24095\/hpcdp.42.5.03","article-title":"Self-reported injuries among Canadian adolescents: rates and key correlates","volume":"42","author":"Macnabb","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15010043","article-title":"Disparities in non-fatal health outcomes in pediatric general trauma studies","volume":"15","author":"Ameratunga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/pxz145","article-title":"Childhood unintentional injury: the impact of family income, education level, occupation status, and other measures of socioeconomic status. A systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Mahboob","year":"2021","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002160","article-title":"A review of racial\/ethnic disparities in pediatric trauma care, treatment, and outcomes","volume":"86","author":"LaPlant","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2817","DOI":"10.1044\/2022_AJSLP-22-00056","article-title":"An exploratory study on disparities in service provision and long-term need after early childhood acquired brain injury","volume":"31","author":"Riccardi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Speech Lang Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.14468","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in low-value pediatric emergency care","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.46292\/sci21-00033","article-title":"Trends and disparities in inpatient rehabilitation of adolescents: the effect of demographics, injury characteristics, and facility type","volume":"28","author":"Barnett","year":"2022","journal-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.3390\/children10020343","article-title":"Health inequities in pediatric trauma","volume":"10","author":"Kayton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Children"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sempedsurg.2022.151221","article-title":"Social determinants of health as drivers of inequities in pediatric injury","volume":"31","author":"Trinidad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib17","series-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions","author":"Higgins","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The prisma 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-024-02510-7","article-title":"Social determinants of health and disparities in pediatric trauma care: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Gnanvi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-017-0468-4","article-title":"What kind of systematic review should I conduct? A proposed typology and guidance for systematic reviewers in the medical and health sciences","volume":"18","author":"Munn","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib21","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Adolescent Health. Accessed June 14, 2024. Available at: \u3008https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/adolescent-health\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib22","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Wisqars\u2122 Cost of Injury Reports Help Menu. Mechanism (Cause) of Injury: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed January 30, 2024. Available at: \u3008https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/injury\/wisqars\/cost_help\/mechanism_injury.html\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib23","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (Icd-10-Cm): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed January 30, 2024. Available at: \u3008https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/icd\/icd-10-cm.htm\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib24","unstructured":"National Trauma Data Bank. NTDB Reports and Publications: National Trauma Data Bank. Accessed January 30, 2024. Available at: \u3008https:\/\/www.facs.org\/quality-programs\/trauma\/quality\/national-trauma-data-bank\/reports-and-publications\/\u3009."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.08.005","article-title":"Applying an equity lens to interventions: using progress ensures consideration of socially stratifying factors to illuminate inequities in health","volume":"67","author":"O'Neill","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.01.021","article-title":"Press peer review of electronic search strategies: 2015 guideline statement","volume":"75","author":"McGowan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.2307\/2529786","article-title":"An application of hierarchical Kappa-Type statistics in the assessment of majority agreement among multiple observers","volume":"33","author":"Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib29","article-title":"Risk of bias in non-randomized studies-of exposure (Robins-E). Launch version","author":"Higgins","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Environ Res Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib30","first-page":"621","article-title":"Assessing risk of bias in a non\u2010randomized study","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochr\u00a0Handbk\u00a0Syst\u00a0Rev\u00a0Intervent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib31","unstructured":"Team RDC. A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. 2009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib32","series-title":"Introduction to meta-analysis. Chichester","author":"Borenstein","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.01.048","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities and bias in the evaluation and reporting of abusive head trauma","volume":"198","author":"Hymel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.07.497","article-title":"Emergency department pain management in pediatric patients with fracture or dislocation in a bi-ethnic population","volume":"67","author":"Shavit","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1097\/BCO.0000000000000730","article-title":"National access to pediatric care based on insurance type for children with buckle fractures","volume":"30","author":"Marchenko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Orthop Pract"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnz348","article-title":"Opioid prescription patterns at emergency department discharge for children with fractures","volume":"21","author":"Drendel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib37","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in the management of pain among children diagnosed with long bone fractures in pediatric emergency departments","volume":"144","author":"Goyal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000001696","article-title":"Evaluating for racial differences in pain management of long-bone fractures in a pediatric rural population","volume":"37","author":"Liao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.652854","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in pain management of children with limb fractures or suspected appendicitis: a retrospective cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Guedj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2009.12.003","article-title":"Assessment of disparities in the use of anxiolysis and sedation among children undergoing laceration repair","volume":"10","author":"Brodzinski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2015.4.25009","article-title":"Differences in presentation and management of pediatric facial lacerations by type of health insurance","volume":"16","author":"Amanullah","year":"2015","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000003407","article-title":"Racial disparities in triage of adolescent patients after bullet injury","volume":"92","author":"Andrade","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-022-01288-5","article-title":"Racial, gender, and neighborhood-level disparities in pediatric trauma care","volume":"10","author":"Dickens","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Disparities"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-052481","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic differences in ed opioid prescriptions for long bone fractures: trends over time","volume":"148","author":"Goyal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2022.02.021","article-title":"Dispensed opioid prescription patterns, by racial\/ethnic groups, among South Carolina Medicaid-funded children experiencing limb fracture injuries","volume":"22","author":"Lopes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000002414","article-title":"Race, gender, and primary language were not associated with changes in opioid prescribing in children: results from a single institution, 2010 to 2020","volume":"481","author":"Begley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e13351","article-title":"Physician self-identified race and opioid prescription practices in upper extremity injuries in the pediatric emergency department","volume":"9","author":"Langham","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12943","article-title":"Relationship of physician-identified patient race and ethnicity to use of computed tomography in pediatric blunt torso trauma","volume":"23","author":"Natale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.2.PEDS22506","article-title":"Impact of Insurance Status on Healthcare Resource Utilization and outcomes in adolescent patients presenting with spinal cord injuries","volume":"32","author":"Sandhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.5005","article-title":"Practice variation in use of neuroimaging among infants with concern for abuse treated in Children's Hospitals","volume":"5","author":"Henry","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2010.00797.x","article-title":"Neuroimaging for pediatric head trauma: do patient and hospital characteristics influence who gets imaged?","volume":"17","author":"Mannix","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2012.01356.x","article-title":"The Association between insurance status and emergency department disposition of injured California children","volume":"19","author":"Arroyo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-3640","article-title":"Association between insurance and transfer of injured children from emergency departments","volume":"140","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.06.021","article-title":"Relationship between insurance type and discharge disposition from the emergency department of young children diagnosed with physical abuse","volume":"177","author":"Henry","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib55","article-title":"Assessment of ethno-racial and insurance-based disparities in pediatric forearm and tibial fracture care in the United States","volume":"6","author":"Landau","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e156","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20230104-06","article-title":"The influence of race, income, and sex on treatment and complications of common pediatric orthopedic fractures","volume":"46","author":"Montgomery","year":"2023","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944719873150","article-title":"Pediatric digit replantation following traumatic amputation: nationwide analysis of patient selection, outcomes, and cost","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2011.07.017","article-title":"Patterns of surgical care and health disparities of treating pediatric finger amputation injuries in the United States","volume":"213","author":"Squitieri","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2020.05.024","article-title":"An analysis of pediatric social vulnerability in the pennsylvania trauma system","volume":"55","author":"Morgan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2019.06.001","article-title":"Gaps in access to comprehensive rehabilitation following traumatic injuries in children: a nationwide examination","volume":"54","author":"Shah","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2016.09.036","article-title":"The association of insurance status on the probability of transfer for pediatric trauma patients","volume":"51","author":"Hamilton","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1623","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000002137","article-title":"The association of race, sex, and insurance with transfer from adult to pediatric trauma centers","volume":"37","author":"Kulaylat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e253","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001290","article-title":"Opioid use following operatively treated pediatric elbow and femur fractures","volume":"39","author":"Meyer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s40719-023-00251-x","article-title":"Socioeconomic factors and pediatric injury","volume":"9","author":"Trinidad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Trauma Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-011-1770-9","article-title":"Defining racial and ethnic disparities in pain management","volume":"469","author":"Mossey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.3390\/children9121796","article-title":"A qualitative study of the pain experiences of children and their parents at a Canadian children\u2019s hospital","volume":"9","author":"Kammerer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib67","series-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","article-title":"The importance of cultural competence in pain and palliative care","author":"Givler","year":"2023"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1177\/204946370800100203","article-title":"Cultural influences on pain","volume":"1","author":"Peacock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Pain"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2015.05.003","article-title":"Parents' preferences strongly influence their decisions to withhold prescribed opioids when faced with analgesic trade-off dilemmas for children: a prospective observational study","volume":"52","author":"Voepel-Lewis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnaa427","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in the treatment of chronic pain","volume":"22","author":"Morales","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199802193380806","article-title":"Health Insurance and access to primary care for children","volume":"338","author":"Newacheck","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib72","article-title":"Managing acute pain in children presenting to the emergency department without opioids","volume":"3","author":"Chumpitazi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Emerg Phys\u00a0Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib73","article-title":"Pain management in trauma: the need for trauma-informed opioid prescribing guidelines","volume":"9","author":"Baltes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trauma Surg\u00a0Acute Care Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib74","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Highlighted Updates: 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline 2024. Accessed 30 January 2024. Available at: \u3008https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/overdose-prevention\/hcp\/clinical-guidance\/whats-different.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com\u3009."},{"issue":"1 Pt B","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2021.08.024","article-title":"Health care disparities in radiology-a review of the current literature","volume":"19","author":"DeBenedectis","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2019.03.002","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in diagnostic imaging utilization during adult emergency department visits in the United States, 2005 to 2014","volume":"16","author":"Schrager","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"issue":"10-11","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2022.2120211","article-title":"Effects of inpatient rehabilitation after acute care on functional and quality-of-life outcomes in children with severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"36","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2022.04.013","article-title":"Inpatient rehabilitation after pediatric and adolescent trauma: outcomes and discharge needs","volume":"277","author":"Leblanc","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.58.1.44","article-title":"Impact of pediatric rehabilitation services on children\u2019s functional outcomes","volume":"58","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Occup Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/AS9.0000000000000145","article-title":"The Affordable Care Act and its effects on trauma care access, short-and long-term outcomes and financial impact: a review article","volume":"3","author":"Newsome","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Surg Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001611","article-title":"Big for small: validating brain injury guidelines in pediatric traumatic brain injury","volume":"83","author":"Azim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06886-3","article-title":"The impact of payer status on hospital admissions: evidence from an academic medical center","volume":"21","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3801","article-title":"Age\u2010related changes in the mechanical regulation of bone healing are explained by altered cellular mechanoresponse","volume":"34","author":"Borgiani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000595","article-title":"Epidemiology of pediatric fractures presenting to emergency departments in the United States","volume":"36","author":"Naranje","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib85","article-title":"Is adolescence a time of heightened risk taking? An overview of types of risk-taking behaviors across age groups","volume":"61","author":"Willoughby","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev\u00a0Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e156","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20230104-06","article-title":"The influence of race, income, and sex on treatment and complications of common pediatric fractures","volume":"46","author":"Montgomery","year":"2023","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000929","article-title":"Influence of insurance type on the access to pediatric care for children with distal radius torus fractures","volume":"39","author":"Potak","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318221dc83","article-title":"A systematic review of the outcomes of replantation of distal digital amputation","volume":"128","author":"Sebastin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.58616\/001c.92638","article-title":"Finger replantation: indications and outcomes","volume":"2","author":"Vosbikian","year":"2024","journal-title":"SurgiColl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib90","unstructured":"ACS TQIP. Best Practices Guidelines in Imaging. 2022. Accessed September 05, 2025. Available at: \u3008https:\/\/www.facs.org\/media\/oxdjw5zj\/imaging_guidelines.pdf\u3009."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005966","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline recommendations for pediatric multisystem trauma care: a systematic review","volume":"278","author":"Freire","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4296","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1516047113","article-title":"Racial bias in pain assessment and treatment recommendations, and false beliefs about biological differences between blacks and whites","volume":"113","author":"Hoffman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib93","article-title":"Cdc clinical practice guideline for prescribing opioids for pain\u2014United States, 2022","volume":"71","author":"Dowell","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Recommend\u00a0Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib94","first-page":"1195","article-title":"Disparities in trauma care and outcomes in the United States: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"Haider","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3010","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-020-05591-2","article-title":"Disparities in adult and pediatric trauma outcomes: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"44","author":"Sanchez","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib96","first-page":"1","article-title":"The health equity measurement framework: a comprehensive model to measure social inequities in health","volume":"18","author":"Dover","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000001216","article-title":"Validity of Race and Ethnicity Codes in Medicare Administrative Data Compared with Gold-Standard Self-Reported Race Collected During Routine Home Health Care Visits","volume":"58","author":"Jarr\u00edn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1177\/1460458217716005","article-title":"Disparities in patient record completeness with respect to the health care utilization project","volume":"25","author":"Nasir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Inform\u00a0J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib99","first-page":"242","article-title":"The risk of bias in observational studies of exposures (Robins-E) tool: concerns arising from application to observational studies of exposures","volume":"7","author":"Bero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Syst\u00a0Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bibbins-Domingo K., Helman A., National Academies of Sciences E, et al. Why Diverse Representation in Clinical Research Matters and the Current State of Representation within the Clinical Research Ecosystem. Improving Representation in Clinical Trials and Research: Building Research Equity for Women and Underrepresented Groups. 2022.","DOI":"10.17226\/26479"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.01.048","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities and bias in the evaluation and reporting of abusive head trauma","volume":"198","author":"Hymel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005548","article-title":"Nationwide management of trauma in child abuse: exploring the racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities","volume":"276","author":"Joseph","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1177\/10775595221148424","article-title":"Evaluation of racial disparities in suspected child abuse among insured children with head injury","volume":"28","author":"Jones","year":"2023","journal-title":"Child Maltreat"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000003889","article-title":"Association of race and socioeconomic status with time to pain control among pediatric trauma patients managed nonoperatively","volume":"95","author":"Trinidad","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2020-005766","article-title":"Association between English proficiency and timing of analgesia administration after surgery","volume":"11","author":"Plancarte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hosp Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.3109\/10903127.2014.916018","article-title":"Characterizing analgesic use during air medical transport of injured children","volume":"18","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prehosp Emerg Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000002958","article-title":"Association between race and usage of pain medications in children with long bone fractures in US emergency departments, 2011\u20132019","volume":"39","author":"Pekas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.07.497","article-title":"Emergency department pain management in pediatric patients with fracture or dislocation in a Bi-ethnic population","volume":"67","author":"Shavit","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2022.10.011","article-title":"Impact of race and ethnicity on emergency medical services administration of opioid pain medications for injured children","volume":"64","author":"Nishijima","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2012.307","article-title":"Cranial computed tomography use among children with minor blunt head trauma: association with race\/ethnicity","volume":"166","author":"Natale","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00690","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in emergency department utilization and diagnosis for sports-related head injuries","volume":"10","author":"Lyons","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib112","article-title":"Racial disparity in pediatric radiography for forearm fractures","volume":"14","author":"Baughman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-0031","article-title":"Disparities in the evaluation and diagnosis of abuse among infants with traumatic brain injury","volume":"126","author":"Wood","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2009.02.044","article-title":"Eliminating disparity in evaluation for abuse in infants with head injury: use of a screening guideline","volume":"44","author":"Rangel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106648","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in diagnostic imaging for child physical abuse","volume":"149","author":"Abdoo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-021-00309-x","article-title":"Us children of minority race are less likely to be admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit after traumatic injury, a retrospective analysis of a single pediatric trauma center","volume":"8","author":"Slain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inj Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2023.12.039","article-title":"Pediatric trauma care disparities: association of race and sex with high acuity trauma hospital admissions","volume":"296","author":"Ladha","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2023.07.054","article-title":"Secondary undertriage of pediatric trauma patients across the United States emergency departments","volume":"293","author":"Scaife","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.7.PEDS11532","article-title":"Hospital care of childhood traumatic brain injury in the United States, 1997-2009: a neurosurgical perspective","volume":"10","author":"Piatt","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2023.111128","article-title":"Poor socioeconomic status is associated with delayed femoral fracture fixation in adolescent patients","volume":"54","author":"Vazquez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000494","article-title":"Socioeconomic factors are associated with trends in treatment of pediatric femoral shaft fractures, and subsequent implant removal in New York state","volume":"36","author":"Dodwell","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bpo.0000184835.79345.0e","article-title":"Racial and economic disparity and the treatment of pediatric fractures","volume":"25","author":"Slover","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11154573","article-title":"Social disparities in outpatient and inpatient management of pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures","volume":"11","author":"Modest","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2012.141","article-title":"Less is more: management of pediatric splenic injury","volume":"147","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2023.09.036","article-title":"Pediatric blunt splenic trauma: disparities in management and outcomes","volume":"294","author":"Pe\u00f1a","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481808400522","article-title":"Nationwide assessment of factors associated with nonoperative management of pediatric splenic injury","volume":"84","author":"Hakim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2023.05.016","article-title":"Treatment of severe blunt splenic injury varies across race and insurance type of pediatric patients","volume":"291","author":"Sheff","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"6S 5","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S681","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000003447","article-title":"Do racial and ethnic disparities exist in management of pediatric mandible fractures? A 30-year outcome analysis","volume":"90","author":"Lopez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.11.039","article-title":"Variations in utilization of inpatient rehabilitation services among pediatric trauma patients","volume":"182","author":"Nguyen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.05.166","article-title":"Socioeconomic disparities in pediatric traumatic brain injury transfer patterns: an analysis of area deprivation index and clinical outcomes","volume":"188","author":"Chung","year":"2024","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["Academic Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1876285925004103?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1876285925004103?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T15:20:07Z","timestamp":1782400807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1876285925004103"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":129,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1876285925004103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185","relation":{},"ISSN":["1876-2859"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1876-2859","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Social and Economic Factors and Disparities in Pediatric Trauma Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Academic Pediatrics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acap.2025.103185","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier, Inc. on behalf of Academic Pediatric Association.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103185"}}