{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T22:33:54Z","timestamp":1793226834359,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["academicpedsjnl.net","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Academic Pediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T15:05:28Z","timestamp":1788534328000},"page":"103424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Housing and Health: Evidence to Act Now to Improve the Health of Children and Families"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3980-9715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn M.","family":"Leifheit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9699-6911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taylor M.","family":"Mobley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1891-0101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daria","family":"Murosko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3717-9907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noelia","family":"Lugo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Sandel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib1","unstructured":"High Housing Costs Are Consuming Household Incomes | Joint Center for Housing Studies. https:\/\/www.jchs.harvard.edu\/blog\/high-housing-costs-are-consuming-household-incomes. Published June 12, 2024. Accessed August 28, 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib2","unstructured":"The GAP | National Low Income Housing Coalition. https:\/\/nlihc.org\/gap. Accessed February 20, 2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib3","unstructured":"Poethig EC. One in four: America\u2019s Housing Assistance Lottery. Urban Institute; 2014. https:\/\/www.urban.org\/urban-wire\/one-four-americas-housing-assistance-lottery. Accessed August 30, 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2021-216439","article-title":"Building health equity through housing policies: critical reflections and future directions for research","volume":"76","author":"Leifheit","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib5","unstructured":"Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University. America\u2019s Rental Housing 2024. 2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib6","unstructured":"The 2024 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (AHAR to Congress) Part 1: Point-In-Time Estimates of Homelessness, December 2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2305860120","article-title":"A comprehensive demographic profile of the US evicted population","volume":"120","author":"Graetz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib8","unstructured":"The Annie E. Casey Foundation. 2024 Kids Count Data Book: State Trends in Child Well-Being; 2024. https:\/\/assets.aecf.org\/m\/resourcedoc\/aecf-2024kidscountdatabook-2024.pdf. Accessed September 24, 2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2024.1159","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of unstable housing among US children","volume":"178","author":"Lebrun-Harris","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib10","series-title":"Evicted. Poverty and Profit in the American City","author":"Desmond","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib11","unstructured":"Smith RE. Housing Choice for HOPE VI Relocatees: Final Report. Urban Institute; 2002. https:\/\/www.urban.org\/research\/publication\/housing-choice-hope-vi-relocatees. Accessed September 30, 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.08.018","article-title":"Housing and neighborhoods as root causes of child poverty","volume":"21","author":"Green","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2021.102650","article-title":"Childhood residential mobility and health outcomes: a meta-analysis","volume":"71","author":"Simsek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib14","unstructured":"Binder A, Risch M, Voorheis J. Housing capital and intergenerational mobility in the United States."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib15","unstructured":"AAP Schedule of Well-Child Care Visits. HealthyChildren.org. https:\/\/www.healthychildren.org\/English\/family-life\/health-management\/Pages\/Well-Child-Care-A-Check-Up-for-Success.aspx. Published July 22, 2025. Accessed October 1, 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2023-007478","article-title":"Parent perspectives on documentation and sharing of health-related social needs data","volume":"14","author":"Bouchelle","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hosp Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib17","first-page":"19","article-title":"Pediatrics leading the way: co-enrollment as the next step in health-related social needs screening and referral","volume":"37","author":"Ettinger de Cuba","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-0261","article-title":"The healthy neighborhood, healthy families initiative","volume":"142","author":"Kelleher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2019.01569","article-title":"Housing intervention for medically complex families associated with improved family health: pilot randomized trial","volume":"39","author":"Bovell-Ammon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2020.06.141","article-title":"Housing is health: a renewed call for federal housing investments in affordable housing for families with children","volume":"21","author":"Bovell-Ammon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib21","unstructured":"Taylor LA. Housing And Health: An Overview Of The Literature | Health Affairs Brief. https:\/\/www.healthaffairs.org\/do\/10.1377\/hpb20180313.396577\/full\/. Accessed August 30, 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.112571","article-title":"Housing as a determinant of health equity: a conceptual model","volume":"243","author":"Swope","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2024.102984","article-title":"Cumulative housing cost burden exposures and disadvantages to children\u2019s well-being and health","volume":"119","author":"Hess","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soc Sci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib24","first-page":"73","article-title":"Housing cost burden and maternal stress among very low income mothers","volume":"46","author":"Bills","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Sociol Soc Welf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-2199","article-title":"Unstable housing and caregiver and child health in renter families","volume":"141","author":"Sandel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1086\/680043","article-title":"Housing insecurity, maternal stress, and child maltreatment: an application of the family stress model","volume":"89","author":"Warren","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc Serv Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1080\/10511482.2021.1882532","article-title":"Housing cost burden, material hardship, and well-being","volume":"32","author":"Shamsuddin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hous Policy Debate"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/10796120903310541","article-title":"Assessing the effect of changes in housing costs on food insecurity","volume":"15","author":"Fletcher","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Child Poverty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1080\/10511482.2015.1020321","article-title":"Housing affordability and health: evidence from New York city","volume":"26","author":"Meltzer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hous Policy Debate"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regsciurbeco.2016.09.004","article-title":"Gentrification and residential mobility in Philadelphia","volume":"61","author":"Ding","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reg Sci Urban Econ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10796126.2019.1682754","article-title":"Does public housing reduce housing cost burden among low-income families with children?","volume":"26","author":"Gold","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Child Poverty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib32","unstructured":"Rent Burden in the Housing Choice Voucher Program."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-2742","article-title":"Housing assistance and child health: a systematic review","volume":"141","author":"Slopen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1215\/00703370-9305166","article-title":"The benefits of rental assistance for children\u2019s health and school attendance in the United States","volume":"58","author":"Fenelon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146518792286","article-title":"The impact of housing assistance on the mental health of children in the United States","volume":"59","author":"Fenelon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.6242","article-title":"Association of childhood asthma with federal rental assistance","volume":"174","author":"Boudreaux","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP12645","article-title":"Federal housing assistance and blood lead levels in a nationally representative US sample age 6 and older: NHANES, 1999\u20132018","volume":"132","author":"Chu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-022-08009-y","article-title":"Housing investment strategies by healthcare payers and systems: paving the road ahead","volume":"38","author":"Velasquez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib39","unstructured":"Revitalizing Columbus Housing Through Renovlation, New Construction, and Home Repair. Healthy Homes Columbus. https:\/\/healthyhomescolumbus.org\/. Accessed February 26, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib40","unstructured":"McKinney-Vento Definition \u2013 National Center for Homeless Education. https:\/\/nche.ed.gov\/mckinney-vento-definition\/. Accessed August 30, 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-011-9587-0","article-title":"Housing quality, housing instability, and maternal mental health","volume":"88","author":"Suglia","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1086\/712954","article-title":"Housing insecurity and adverse parenting of adolescents: the roles of maternal stress and depression","volume":"13","author":"Mar\u00e7al","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Soc Soc Work Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2016.05.008","article-title":"Stress and child development: a review of the Family Stress Model","volume":"13","author":"Masarik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib44","article-title":"Eviction in early childhood and neighborhood poverty, food security, and obesity in later childhood and adolescence: evidence from a longitudinal birth cohort","volume":"11","author":"Leifheit","year":"2020","journal-title":"SSM - Popul Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2024.3172","article-title":"Housing instability and children\u2019s health and education","volume":"178","author":"Lal","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2023-061934","article-title":"Moving because of unaffordable housing and disrupted social safety net access among children","volume":"153","author":"Leifheit","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2017.02.007","article-title":"Housing instability and children\u2019s health insurance gaps","volume":"17","author":"Carroll","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib48","article-title":"Eviction as a community health exposure","volume":"340","author":"Schwartz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med 1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collinson R, Dutz D, Humphries JE, Mader NS, Tannenbaum D, van Dijk W. The effects of eviction on children. April 2025. doi:10.3386\/w33659.","DOI":"10.3386\/w33659"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1177\/00380407251333651","article-title":"Consequences of eviction-led forced mobility for school-age children in Houston","volume":"98","author":"Hepburn","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sociol Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib51","first-page":"1","article-title":"Association of eviction with adverse birth outcomes among women in Georgia, 2000 to 2016","author":"Himmelstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib52","unstructured":"Leifheit K, Schwartz G, Pollack C, et al. Severe housing insecurity in pregnancy: association with adverse birth outcomes in a cohort of urban mothers and infants. In: American Public Health Association Annual Meeting. Philadelphia, PA; 2019. https:\/\/apha.confex.com\/apha\/2019\/meetingapp.cgi\/Paper\/444457."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100477","article-title":"Housing instability and adverse perinatal outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"DiTosto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM"},{"issue":"December2020","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib54","article-title":"Childhood eviction and cognitive development: developmental timing-specific associations in an urban birth cohort","volume":"292","author":"Schwartz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12535","article-title":"Cumulative, timing-specific, and interactive models of residential mobility and children\u2019s cognitive and psychosocial skills","volume":"87","author":"Coley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib56","first-page":"287","article-title":"Impact of housing instability on child behavior at age 7","volume":"10","author":"Gaylord","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Child Health Hum Dev IJCHD"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/jcap.12188","article-title":"Perinatal substance use, residential instability, and negative behavioral outcomes among adolescents: lessons from the maternal lifestyle study","volume":"30","author":"Cotton","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs Publ Assoc Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurses Inc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib58","first-page":"kwaf212","article-title":"Eviction, inability to pay rent, and youth mental health: a fixed effects study","author":"Schwartz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796018000823","article-title":"Residential transience among US adolescents: association with depression and mental health treatment","volume":"28","author":"Glasheen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24771","article-title":"Residential instability, neighborhood deprivation, and pediatric asthma outcomes","volume":"55","author":"Molina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1177\/1059840519875182","article-title":"Health risks and outcomes of homelessness in school-age children and youth: a scoping review of the literature","volume":"36","author":"Gultekin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sch Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib62","unstructured":"Review SL and Rothman NS. Medical-legal partnership as a model for access to justice. Stanford Law Review. https:\/\/www.stanfordlawreview.org\/online\/medical-legal-partnership-as-a-model-for-access-to-justice\/. Published June 2, 2023. Accessed November 10, 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2021.00905","article-title":"Reductions in hospitalizations among children referred to a primary care-based medical-legal partnership","volume":"41","author":"Beck","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2023.104844","article-title":"The effects of legal representation on tenant outcomes in housing court: evidence from New York City\u2019s Universal Access program","volume":"222","author":"Cassidy","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Public Econ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1080\/10511482.2025.2467136","article-title":"A descriptive analysis of tenant right to counsel law and praxis 2017\u20132024","volume":"35","author":"Benfer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hous Policy Debate"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib66","unstructured":"Leifheit, Kathryn M, Chen, Katherine L, Anderson, Nathaniel, et al. Tenant right-to-counsel and adverse birth outcomes in New York, New York. JAMA Pediatr. In Press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1257\/pandp.20251006","article-title":"Universal access to counsel, housing court filings, and child mental health: evidence from New York City","volume":"115","author":"Cassidy","year":"2025","journal-title":"AEA Pap Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwab196","article-title":"Expiring eviction moratoriums and COVID-19 incidence and mortality","volume":"190","author":"Leifheit","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jowers K, Timmins C, Bhavsar N, Hu Q, Marshall J. Housing precarity & the Covid-19 pandemic: impacts of utility disconnection and eviction moratoria on infections and deaths across US Counties.; 2021. https:\/\/www.nber.org\/papers\/w28394.","DOI":"10.3386\/w28394"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22521-5","article-title":"The effect of eviction moratoria on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"12","author":"Nande","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.29041","article-title":"Eviction moratoria expiration and COVID-19 infection risk across strata of health and socioeconomic status in the United States","volume":"4","author":"Sandoval-Olascoaga","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.39585","article-title":"Variation in state-level eviction moratorium protections and mental health among US adults during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"4","author":"Leifheit","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"An X, Gabriel SA, Tzur-ilan N. More than shelter: the effects of rental eviction moratoria on household well-being; 2021.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3801217"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2022.00750","article-title":"State eviction moratoriums during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with improved mental health among people who rent","volume":"41","author":"Ali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2024.103408","article-title":"Expiration of a state level eviction moratorium in the first or second trimester of pregnancy and perinatal outcomes among Medicaid and uninsured people, 2020\u20132022","volume":"91","author":"Stanhope","year":"2025","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2024-068174","article-title":"State-based eviction moratoria and child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"155","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib77","unstructured":"Emergency Rental Assistance Program. U.S. Department of the Treasury. https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/coronavirus\/assistance-for-state-local-and-tribal-governments\/emergency-rental-assistance-program. Published February 8, 2025. Accessed August 28, 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib78","unstructured":"Collinson R, DeFusco AA, Humphries JE, et al. The effects of emergency rental assistance during the pandemic: evidence from four cities."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib79","series-title":"How Emergency Rental Assistance Might Protect Households With Children From Food Insufficiency","author":"Chen","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib80","unstructured":"Airgood-Obrycki W. The short-term benefits of emergency rental assistance."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib81","article-title":"Family options study: 3-Year impacts of housing and services interventions for homeless families","author":"Gubits","year":"2016","journal-title":"SSRN Electron J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7157","article-title":"The relationship between housing and health: children at risk","volume":"112","author":"Breysse","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2024-069375","article-title":"Parcel-level housing conditions and pediatric asthma hospital utilization","volume":"156","author":"Brokamp","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2002.006809","article-title":"Climate and the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic eczema in children","volume":"61","author":"Weiland","year":"2004","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwy104","article-title":"Long-term ambient temperature and externalizing behaviors in adolescents","volume":"187","author":"Younan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.02.023","article-title":"Ambient temperature and preterm birth: a retrospective study of 32 million US singleton births","volume":"126","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.0058-2023","article-title":"The impact of poor housing and indoor air quality on respiratory health in children","volume":"19","author":"Holden","year":"2023","journal-title":"Breathe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.21048","article-title":"Effect of an integrated pest management intervention on asthma symptoms among mouse-sensitized children and adolescents with asthma: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"317","author":"Matsui","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032097","article-title":"Results of a home-based environmental intervention among urban children with asthma","volume":"351","author":"Morgan","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.2025.211.Abstracts.A7403","article-title":"Indoor air quality changes from a health-system initiated intervention to remediate homes of children with asthma","author":"Bryant-Stephens","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.042994","article-title":"The Seattle-King County Healthy Homes Project: a randomized, controlled trial of a community health worker intervention to decrease exposure to indoor asthma triggers","volume":"95","author":"Krieger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2008.532","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of asthma self-management support comparing clinic-based nurses and in-home community health workers: the Seattle\u2013King County Healthy Homes II Project","volume":"163","author":"Krieger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib93","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reduced prevalence of childhood asthma after housing renovations in an underresourced community","volume":"2","author":"Beck","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2010.300008","article-title":"The breathe-easy home: the impact of asthma-friendly home construction on clinical outcomes and trigger exposure","volume":"101","author":"Takaro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-0769","article-title":"Identifying and treating a substandard housing cluster using a medical-legal partnership","volume":"130","author":"Beck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib96","first-page":"262","article-title":"Reducing asthma exacerbations in vulnerable children through a medical-legal partnership","volume":"60","author":"Mainardi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Asthma J Assoc Care Asthma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.28527","article-title":"Landlord behavior after receiving pediatrician-generated letters to address poor housing conditions","volume":"4","author":"Lax","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/daq074","article-title":"Preventing unintentional injuries to children in the home: a systematic review of the effectiveness of programmes supplying and\/or installing home safety equipment","volume":"26","author":"Pearson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Promot Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1002\/ebch.1911","article-title":"Home safety education and provision of safety equipment for injury prevention (Review)","volume":"8","author":"Kendrick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid-Based Child Health Cochrane Rev J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.2.382","article-title":"The effectiveness of a home visit to prevent childhood injury","volume":"108","author":"King","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib101","first-page":"CD006047","article-title":"Household interventions for preventing domestic lead exposure in children","volume":"2016","author":"Nussbaumer-Streit","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allaire MC, Bing Q. How to address America\u2019s lead crisis and provide safe drinking water for all. The Conversation. doi:10.64628\/AAI.ucj4ty6us.","DOI":"10.64628\/AAI.ucj4ty6us"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib103","first-page":"kwaf111","article-title":"Do laws protecting tenants\u2019 health work?: Implied warranties of habitability and respiratory health","author":"Schwartz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1293","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2943","article-title":"Heat or eat: the low income home energy assistance program and nutritional and health risks among children less than 3 years of age","volume":"118","author":"Frank","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib105","unstructured":"Glaeser EL, Gyourko J. The impact of building restrictions on housing affordability."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2015.01.005","article-title":"The influence of the neighborhood physical environment on early child health and development: a review and call for research","volume":"33","author":"Christian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.08.047","article-title":"Research on neighborhood effects on health in the United States: a systematic review of study characteristics","volume":"168","author":"Arcaya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib108","first-page":"845","article-title":"Impacts of gentrification on health in the US: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"97","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Urban Health Bull N Y Acad Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.70065","article-title":"Neighborhood histories: white flight associated with poor health in Phoenix, Arizona","volume":"37","author":"Dervarics","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib110","unstructured":"Gennetian LA, Sanbonmatsu L, Katz LF, et al. The long-term effects of moving to opportunity on youth outcomes. Mov Oppor."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1080\/10511482.2021.1951804","article-title":"Using the moving to opportunity experiment to investigate the long-term impact of neighborhoods on healthcare use by specific clinical conditions and type of service","volume":"33","author":"Pollack","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hous Policy Debate"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.17432","article-title":"Association of receipt of a housing voucher with subsequent hospital utilization and spending","volume":"322","author":"Pollack","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.6488","article-title":"Association of a housing mobility program with childhood asthma symptoms and exacerbations","volume":"329","author":"Pollack","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib114","unstructured":"Murosko, Daria C, Lugo, Noelia, Leifheit, Kathryn M. Building health from the foundation: centering housing in place-based child health initiatives. Curr Opin Pediatr. In Press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2023.103026","article-title":"Exploring community engagement in place-based approaches in areas of poor health and disadvantage: a scoping review","volume":"81","author":"Rong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.04.027","article-title":"Neighborhood poverty and child health: investing in communities to improve childhood opportunity and well-being","volume":"21","author":"Jutte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2016.01.013","article-title":"Neighborhood-level interventions to improve childhood opportunity and lift children out of poverty","volume":"16","author":"Sandel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2011.0896","article-title":"Partnerships among community development, public health, and health care could improve the well-being of low-income people","volume":"30","author":"Erickson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Aff Proj Hope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib119","unstructured":"The Healthy Neighborhood, Healthy Families Initiative | Pediatrics | American Academy of Pediatrics. https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/142\/3\/e20180261\/81657\/The-Healthy-Neighborhood-Healthy-Families. Accessed October 1, 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib120","article-title":"A natural experiment: the opening of a supermarket in a public housing community and impacts on children\u2019s dietary patterns","volume":"39","author":"Miller","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prev Med Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib121","unstructured":"G0136 for SDOH. https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/family-physician\/practice-and-career\/getting-paid\/coding\/G0136-sdoh-assessment.html. Accessed October 1, 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib122","unstructured":"Standardized Screening for Health-Related Social Needs in Clinical Settings: The Accountable Health Communities Screening Tool - NAM. https:\/\/nam.edu\/perspectives\/standardized-screening-for-health-related-social-needs-in-clinical-settings-the-accountable-health-communities-screening-tool\/. Accessed February 26, 2026."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib123","series-title":"KFF","article-title":"Medicaid Waiver Tracker: Approved and Pending Section 1115 Waivers by State","author":"kffmadelineg","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-022-08009-y","article-title":"Housing investment strategies by healthcare payers and systems: paving the road ahead","volume":"38","author":"Velasquez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424_bib125","unstructured":"Mayor Adams Launches Two Signature Programs to Make Life More Affordable for New Mothers and Families, Avoid Shelter and Poverty. The official website of the City of New York. https:\/\/www.nyc.gov\/mayors-office\/news\/2025\/10\/mayor-adams-launches-two-signature-programs-to-make-life-more-af. Published October 14, 2025. Accessed October 27, 2025."}],"container-title":["Academic Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1876285926002068?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1876285926002068?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T22:15:34Z","timestamp":1793225734000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1876285926002068"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":125,"alternative-id":["S1876285926002068"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424","relation":{},"ISSN":["1876-2859"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1876-2859","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Housing and Health: Evidence to Act Now to Improve the Health of Children and Families","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Academic Pediatrics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103424","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier, Inc. on behalf of Academic Pediatric Association.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103424"}}