{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:27:02Z","timestamp":1792193222346,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005326","name":"Yale University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["academicpedsjnl.net","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Academic Pediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T23:53:17Z","timestamp":1789516397000},"page":"103426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["How Childhood Medicaid Pays for Itself: The Lifelong and Intergenerational Returns of Early Coverage"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9220-9113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janet","family":"Currie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zia","family":"Kinzy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7246-9850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Malinovskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8S","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2021.01.009","article-title":"Medicaid and Child Health Insurance Program improve child health and reduce poverty but face threats","volume":"21","author":"Currie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Academic Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib2","unstructured":"Perrin et al. this volume"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1086\/262059","article-title":"Saving babies: The efficacy and cost of recent changes in the Medicaid eligibility of pregnant women","volume":"104","author":"Currie","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Political Economy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.2307\/2946684","article-title":"Health insurance eligibility, utilization of medical care, and child health","volume":"111","author":"Currie","year":"1996","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2003.05.004","article-title":"Public insurance and child hospitalizations: Access and efficiency effects","volume":"89","author":"Dafny","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Public Economics."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1177\/1077558712437245","article-title":"The impact of the Medicaid\/CHIP expansions on children: a synthesis of the evidence","volume":"69","author":"Howell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Medical Care Research and Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib7","series-title":"Public Policy and the Income Distribution","first-page":"80","article-title":"The take-up of social benefits","author":"Currie","year":"2006"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1086\/695528","article-title":"Public insurance and mortality: Evidence from Medicaid implementation","volume":"126","author":"Goodman-Bacon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Political Economy"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2550","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.20171671","article-title":"The long-run effects of childhood insurance coverage: Medicaid implementation, adult health, and labor market outcomes","volume":"111","author":"Goodman-Bacon","year":"2021","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2015.11.001","article-title":"The long-term impacts of Medicaid exposure in early childhood: Evidence from the program's origin","volume":"45","author":"Boudreaux","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Health Economics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1162\/REST_a_00677","article-title":"Childhood Medicaid coverage and later-life health care utilization","volume":"100","author":"Wherry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Review of Economics and Statistics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.3368\/jhr.51.3.0913-5918R1","article-title":"Saving teens: Using a policy discontinuity to estimate the effects of Medicaid eligibility","volume":"51","author":"Wherry","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Human Resources"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib13","first-page":"121","article-title":"The impact of youth Medicaid eligibility on adult incarceration","volume":"16","author":"Arenberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"American Economic Journal: Applied Economics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1093\/restud\/rdz039","article-title":"Long-term impacts of childhood Medicaid expansions on outcomes in adulthood","volume":"87","author":"Brown","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Review of Economic Studies"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.3368\/jhr.1119-10549R5","article-title":"Investing in health and public safety: Childhood Medicaid eligibility and later life criminal behavior","volume":"59","author":"Hendrix","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Human Resources"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/spol.12942","article-title":"The long term relationship between childhood Medicaid expansions and severe chronic conditions in adulthood","volume":"58","author":"Brady","year":"2024","journal-title":"Social Policy and Administration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2024.102935","article-title":"The impact of children\u2019s access to public health insurance on their cognitive development and behavior","volume":"98","author":"Hull","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Health Economics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.3368\/jhr.54.3.0816.8173R1","article-title":"The long-term effects of early life Medicaid coverage","volume":"54","author":"Miller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Human Resources"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econedurev.2025.102634","article-title":"Public health insurance and special education enrollment","volume":"105","author":"Stock","year":"2025","journal-title":"Economics of Education Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.3368\/jhr.51.3.1014-6688R1","article-title":"The effect of child health insurance access on schooling: Evidence from public insurance expansions","volume":"51","author":"Cohodes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Human Resources"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2016.12.003","article-title":"The long-term health impacts of Medicaid and CHIP","volume":"51","author":"Thompson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Health Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.20210937","article-title":"Multigenerational impacts of childhood access to the safety net: Early life exposure to Medicaid and the next generation's health","volume":"113","author":"East","year":"2023","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1093\/qje\/qjaa006","article-title":"A unified welfare analysis of government policies","volume":"135","author":"Hendren","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Quarterly Journal of Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2022.101114","article-title":"Intergenerational health effects of Medicaid","volume":"45","author":"Noghanibehambari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Economics and Human Biology."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.89.2.245","article-title":"Is the impact of health shocks cushioned by socioeconomic status? The case of low birthweight","volume":"89","author":"Currie","year":"1999","journal-title":"The American Economic Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1162\/qjec.122.1.409","article-title":"From the cradle to the labor market? The effect of birth weight on adult outcomes","volume":"122","author":"Black","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Quarterly Journal of Economics"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2017.0347","article-title":"Medicaid expansion for adults had measurable \u2018welcome mat\u2019 effects on their children","volume":"36","author":"Hudson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Affairs"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1901772","article-title":"Medicaid work requirements - Results from the first year in Arkansas","volume":"381","author":"Sommers","year":"2019","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1086\/728170","article-title":"Administrative burdens and child Medicaid and CHIP enrollments","volume":"10","author":"Arbogast","year":"2024","journal-title":"American Journal of Health Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib30","series-title":"Administrative burden: Policymaking by other means","author":"Herd","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu D., Meyer B. Certification and recertification in welfare programs: What happens when automation goes wrong? NBER Working Paper 31437. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3386\/w31437","DOI":"10.3386\/w31437"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib32","unstructured":"Capps R., Fix M., Zong J. A profile of U.S. children with unauthorized immigrant parents. Migration Policy Institute. 2016. Accessed June 6, 2022. https:\/\/www.migrationpolicy.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/ChildrenofUnauthorized-FactSheet-FINAL.pdf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib33","unstructured":"KFF. Changes to \u201cPublic Charge\u201d inadmissibility rule: Implications for health and health coverage. 2019. Accessed August 6, 2023. https:\/\/files.kff.org\/attachment\/Fact-Sheet-Changes-to-Public-Charge-Inadmissibility-Rule-Implications-for-Health-and-Health-Coverage"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.00763","article-title":"Spreading fear: The announcement of the public charge rule reduced enrollment in child safety-net programs","volume":"39","author":"Barofsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Affairs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib35","first-page":"313","article-title":"Inside the refrigerator: Immigration enforcement and chilling effects in Medicaid participation","volume":"6","author":"Watson","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Economic Journal: Economic Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib36","unstructured":"Tolbert J., Pham O. Impact of shifting immigration policy on Medicaid enrollment and utilization of care among health center patients. KFF Issue Brief 9358. 2019. Accessed August 6, 2023. https:\/\/www.kff.org\/report-section\/impact-of-shifting-immigration-policy-on-medicaid-enrollment-and-utilization-of-care-among-health-center-patients-issue-brief\/"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426_bib37","unstructured":"Ives-Rublee M., Musheno K. The truth about the one Big Beautiful Bill Act\u2019s cuts to Medicaid and Medicare. Center for American Progress. 2025. Accessed Sept. 26, 2025. https:\/\/www.americanprogress.org\/article\/the-truth-about-the-one-big-beautiful-bill-acts-cuts-to-medicaid-and-medicare\/"}],"container-title":["Academic Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1876285926002081?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1876285926002081?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T10:11:18Z","timestamp":1790935878000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1876285926002081"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S1876285926002081"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426","relation":{},"ISSN":["1876-2859"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1876-2859","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"How Childhood Medicaid Pays for Itself: The Lifelong and Intergenerational Returns of Early Coverage","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Academic Pediatrics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acap.2026.103426","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2026 by Academic Pediatric Association All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103426"}}