{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T01:52:08Z","timestamp":1762480328293,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]],"date-time":"2022-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660435200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":378,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesia Critical Care &amp; Pain Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T18:24:16Z","timestamp":1623954256000},"page":"100903","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["100\u2009Hz-5\u2009s tetanic stimulation to illustrate the presence of \u201cresidual paralysis\u201d co-existing with accelerometric 0.90 train-of-four ratio\u2014A proof-of-concept study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Debaene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Frasca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabien","family":"Moreillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alain A.","family":"D\u2019Hollander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181cded07","article-title":"Residual paralysis after emergence from anesthesia. Clinical concepts and commentary","volume":"112","author":"Plaud","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13316","article-title":"Recommendations for standards of monitoring during anaesthesia and recovery 2015: association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland","volume":"71","author":"Checketts","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0015","first-page":"125","article-title":"Guidelines on muscle relaxants and reversal in anaesthesia","volume":"39","author":"Plaud","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002670","article-title":"Consensus statement on perioperative use of neuromuscular monitoring","volume":"127","author":"Naguib","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6329","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e6329","article-title":"Intermediate acting non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents and risk of postoperative respiratory complications; prospective propensity score matched cohort study","volume":"345","author":"Grosse-Sundrup","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30294-7","article-title":"Post-anaesthesia pulmonary complications after use of muscle relaxants (POPULAR); a multicentre, prospective observational study","volume":"7","author":"Kirmeier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200512-1862OC","article-title":"The predisposition to inspiratory upper airway collapse during partial neuromuscular blockade","volume":"175","author":"Eikermann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001893","article-title":"Neostigmine administration after spontaneous recovery to a train-of-four ratio of 0.9 to 1.0: a randomized controlled trial of the effect on neuromuscular and clinical recovery","volume":"128","author":"Murphy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.08.023","article-title":"Use of a train-of-four of 0.95 versus 0.9 for tracheal extubation: an exploratory analysis of POPULAR data","volume":"124","author":"Blobner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197111000-00003","article-title":"The relation between tetanic fade and receptor occlusion in the presence of competitive neuromuscular block","volume":"35","author":"Waud","year":"1971","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-196905000-00001","article-title":"Twitch, tetanus and posttetanic potentiation as indices of nerve-muscle block in man","volume":"30","author":"Gissen","year":"1969","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0060","first-page":"225","article-title":"Evolution of single twitch and train-of-four responses and of tetanic fade in relation to plasma concentrations of fazadinium in man","volume":"61","author":"d\u2019Hollander","year":"1982","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199807000-00038","article-title":"Visual evaluation of residual curarization in anesthestized patients using one hundred-Hertz, five-second tetanic stimulation at the adductor pollicis muscle","volume":"87","author":"Baurain","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200501000-00011","article-title":"Single acceleromyographic train-of-four, 100-Hertz tetanus or double-burst stimulation: which test performs better to detect residual paralysis","volume":"102","author":"Samet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000204288.24395.38","article-title":"Tactile fade detection with hand or wrist stimulation using train-of-four, double burst stimulation, 50-Hertz tetanus, 100-Hertz tetanus, and acceleromyography","volume":"102","author":"Capron","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198510000-00015","article-title":"Tactile and visual evaluation of the response to train-of-four nerve stimulation","volume":"63","author":"Viby-Mogensen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318173f62f","article-title":"Acceleromyography for use in scientific and clinical practice: a systematic review of the evidence","volume":"108","author":"Claudius","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0090","first-page":"883","article-title":"French legal approach to patient consent in clinical research","volume":"39","author":"Toulouse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200108000-00023","article-title":"The staircase phenomenon: implications for monitoring of neuromuscular transmission","volume":"95","author":"Kopman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aei273","article-title":"Normalization of acceleromyographic train-of-four ratio by baseline value for detecting residual neuromuscular block","volume":"96","author":"Suzuki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200405000-00013","article-title":"Can acceleromyography detect low levels of residual paralysis? A probability approach to detect a mechanomyography train-of-four ratio of 0.9","volume":"100","author":"Capron","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200306000-00006","article-title":"Accelerometry of adductor pollicis muscle predicts recovery of respiratory function from neuromuscular blockade","volume":"98","author":"Eikermann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198205000-00009","article-title":"Use of 100-Hertz tetanus as an index of recovery from pancuronium-induced non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockade","volume":"61","author":"Kopman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198104000-00007","article-title":"Twitch, tetanus and train-of-four as indices of recovery from nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade","volume":"54","author":"Ali","year":"1981","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1954.sp005070","article-title":"Voluntary strength and fatigue","volume":"123","author":"Merton","year":"1954","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0130","first-page":"169","article-title":"\u201cMuscular wisdom\u201d that minimizes fatigue during prolonged effort in man: peak rates of motoneuron discharge and slowing of discharge during fatigue","volume":"39","author":"Mardsen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/49.6.555","article-title":"Neuromuscular facilitation during train-of-four and tetanic stimulation in healthy volunteers: observations with half-refractory paired responses","volume":"49","author":"Lee","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-197801000-00019","article-title":"Tetanic fade and post-tetanic tension in the absence of neuromuscular blocking agents in anesthetized man","volume":"57","author":"Stanec","year":"1978","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199704000-00005","article-title":"Relationship of the train-of-four fade ratio to clinical signs and symptoms of residual paralysis in awake volunteers","volume":"86","author":"Kopman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181da832d","article-title":"Residual neuromuscular block: lessons unlearned. Part I: definitions, incidence, and adverse physiologic effects of residual neuromuscular block","volume":"111","author":"Murphy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181da8312","article-title":"Residual neuromuscular block: lessons unlearned. Part II: methods to reduce the risk of residual weakness","volume":"111","author":"Brull","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198705000-00022","article-title":"Neostigmine antagonism of vecuronium paralysis during fentanyl, halothane, isoflurane and enflurane anesthesia","volume":"66","author":"Dernovoi","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199601000-00025","article-title":"Influence and relative sensitivities of 50 and 100 Hz tetanic stimuli on subsequent tetanic fade ratios in patients receiving vecuronium","volume":"82","author":"Baurain","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/74.1.12","article-title":"Low and high frequency stimulation tests to characterize the effects of edrophonium on vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block","volume":"74","author":"Baurain","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/77.4.496","article-title":"Is recovery of neuromuscular transmission complete after the use of neostigmine to antagonize block produced by rocuronium, vecuronium, atracurium and pancuronium?","volume":"77","author":"Baurain","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"}],"container-title":["Anaesthesia Critical Care &amp; Pain Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352556821001077?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352556821001077?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T01:48:25Z","timestamp":1762480105000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352556821001077"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S2352556821001077"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-5568"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2352-5568"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"100\u2009Hz-5\u2009s tetanic stimulation to illustrate the presence of \u201cresidual paralysis\u201d co-existing with accelerometric 0.90 train-of-four ratio\u2014A proof-of-concept study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.accpm.2021.100903","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise d'anesth\u00e9sie et de r\u00e9animation (Sfar). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100903"}}