{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T12:01:46Z","timestamp":1793102506460,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jacepopen.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JACEP Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T20:10:04Z","timestamp":1737749404000},"page":"100041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Prehospital Blood Administration in Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7186-0791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryan","family":"McNeilly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Samsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Pennardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis X.","family":"Guyette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1705649","article-title":"Hemorrhagic shock","volume":"378","author":"Cannon","year":"2018","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6 Suppl 5","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S372","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3182755662","article-title":"Military medical revolution: prehospital combat casualty care","volume":"73","author":"Blackbourne","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib4","first-page":"307","article-title":"Damage control resuscitation: directly addressing the early coagulopathy of trauma","volume":"62","author":"Holcomb","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481107700222","article-title":"Damage control resuscitation: from emergency department to the operating room","volume":"77","author":"Duchesne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318185a9ad","article-title":"Increased plasma and platelet to red blood cell ratios improves outcome in 466 massively transfused civilian trauma patients","volume":"248","author":"Holcomb","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318230089e","article-title":"Damage control resuscitation is associated with a reduction in resuscitation volumes and improvement in survival in 390 damage control laparotomy patients","volume":"254","author":"Cotton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"2 Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib8","first-page":"S318","article-title":"Trauma outcomes group. Increased platelet:RBC ratios are associated with improved survival after massive transfusion","volume":"71","author":"Holcomb","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1001\/2013.jamasurg.387","article-title":"The prospective, observational, multicenter, major trauma transfusion (PROMMTT) study: comparative effectiveness of a time-varying treatment with competing risks","volume":"148","author":"Holcomb","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.12","article-title":"Transfusion of plasma, platelets, and red blood cells in a 1:1:1 vs a 1:1:2 ratio and mortality in patients with severe trauma: the PROPPR randomized clinical trial","volume":"313","author":"Holcomb","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2S Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S138","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000004378","article-title":"Removing the barriers to prehospital blood: A roadmap to success","volume":"97","author":"Schaefer","year":"2024","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2014.940","article-title":"Changing patterns of in-hospital deaths following implementation of damage control resuscitation practices in US forward military treatment facilities","volume":"149","author":"Langan","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31827eefcf","article-title":"En-route care capability from point of injury impacts mortality after severe wartime injury","volume":"257","author":"Morrison","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib14","first-page":"569","article-title":"Military trauma system in Afghanistan: lessons for civil systems?","volume":"19","author":"Bailey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"issue":"3 Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S114","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000328","article-title":"Prehospital blood transfusion in the en route management of severe combat trauma: a matched cohort study","volume":"77","author":"O'Reilly","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.15097","article-title":"Association of prehospital blood product transfusion during medical evacuation of combat casualties in Afghanistan with acute and 30-day survival","volume":"318","author":"Shackelford","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000569","article-title":"Prehospital blood product resuscitation for trauma: a systematic review","volume":"46","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib18","first-page":"S13","article-title":"A\u00a0profile of combat injury","volume":"54","author":"Champion","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2005.12.019","article-title":"Does body armor protect from firearm injuries?","volume":"202","author":"Peleg","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2015.3104","article-title":"The effect of a golden hour policy on the morbidity and mortality of combat casualties","volume":"151","author":"Kotwal","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.01.008","article-title":"The influence of prehospital time on trauma patients outcome: a systematic review","volume":"46","author":"Harmsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2019.0151","article-title":"Use of combat casualty care data to assess the US Military trauma system during the Afghanistan and Iraq conflicts, 2001-2017","volume":"154","author":"Howard","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amj.2017.05.003","article-title":"Logistical concerns for prehospital blood product use by air medical services","volume":"36","author":"Maher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Air Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib24","article-title":"Implementation of a prehospital whole blood program: lessons learned","volume":"5","author":"Levy","year":"2024","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.16749","article-title":"Providing whole blood for an urban paramedical ambulance system","volume":"62","author":"Sayre","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"issue":"S2","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15264","article-title":"Give the trauma patient what they bleed, when and where they need it: establishing a comprehensive regional system of resuscitation based on patient need utilizing cold-stored, low-titer O+ whole blood","volume":"59","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1080\/10903127.2021.1995089","article-title":"THOR-AABB working party recommendations for a prehospital blood product transfusion program","volume":"26","author":"Yazer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prehosp Emerg Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1802345","article-title":"Prehospital plasma during air medical transport in trauma patients at risk for hemorrhagic shock","volume":"379","author":"Sperry","year":"2018","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10144","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31553-8","article-title":"Plasma-first resuscitation to treat haemorrhagic shock during emergency ground transportation in an urban area: a randomised trial","volume":"392","author":"Moore","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003324","article-title":"Prehospital blood product and crystalloid resuscitation in the severely injured patient: a secondary analysis of the prehospital air medical plasma trial","volume":"273","author":"Guyette","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2019.5085","article-title":"Association of prehospital plasma transfusion with survival in trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock when transport times are longer than 20 minutes: a post hoc analysis of the PAMPer and COMBAT clinical trials","volume":"155","author":"Pusateri","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.12659","article-title":"Pre-hospital transfusion of red blood cells. Part 2: A systematic review of treatment effects on outcomes","volume":"30","author":"van Turenhout","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transfus Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e250","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(22)00040-0","article-title":"Resuscitation with blood products in patients with trauma-related haemorrhagic shock receiving prehospital care (RePHILL): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"9","author":"Crombie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1191\/0267659105pf784oa","article-title":"Effects of fresh versus old stored blood in the priming solution on whole blood lactate levels during paediatric cardiac surgery","volume":"20","author":"Schroeder","year":"2005","journal-title":"Perfusion"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000003620","article-title":"Prehospital synergy: Tranexamic acid and blood transfusion in patients at risk for hemorrhage","volume":"93","author":"Deeb","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000004239","article-title":"Faster refill in an urban emergency medical services system saves lives: A prospective preliminary evaluation of a prehospital advanced resuscitative care bundle","volume":"96","author":"Broome","year":"2024","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000354","article-title":"The whole is greater than the sum of its parts: hemostatic profiles of whole blood variants","volume":"77","author":"Kornblith","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1097\/XCS.0000000000000086","article-title":"Impact of incorporating whole blood into hemorrhagic shock resuscitation: analysis of 1,377 consecutive trauma patients receiving emergency-release uncrossmatched blood products","volume":"234","author":"Brill","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2021.05.051","article-title":"Whole blood at the tip of the spear: a retrospective cohort analysis of warm fresh whole blood resuscitation versus component therapy in severely injured combat casualties","volume":"171","author":"Gurney","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005603","article-title":"Use of cold-stored whole blood is associated with improved mortality in hemostatic resuscitation of major bleeding: a multicenter study","volume":"276","author":"Hazelton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2022.6978","article-title":"Association of whole blood with survival among patients presenting with severe hemorrhage in US and Canadian adult civilian trauma centers","volume":"158","author":"Torres","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1007\/s40140-021-00514-w","article-title":"The use of whole blood transfusion in trauma","volume":"12","author":"Hanna","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Anesthesiol Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib43","first-page":"652","article-title":"Hypotensive resuscitation strategy reduces transfusion requirements and severe postoperative coagulopathy in trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock: preliminary results of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"70","author":"Morrison","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib44","first-page":"S182","article-title":"\"Blood failure\" time to view blood as an organ: how oxygen debt contributes to blood failure and its implications for remote damage control resuscitation","volume":"56","author":"Bjerkvig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib45","series-title":"Transfusion","article-title":"Platelet function in stored whole blood measured by a Shear- and Von Willebrand factor-dependent methodology is retained during storage at 4 \u00b0C for up to 7 days","author":"Delgado","year":"2011"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib46","first-page":"S69","article-title":"Warm fresh whole blood is independently associated with improved survival for patients with combat-related traumatic injuries","volume":"66","author":"Spinella","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000003908","article-title":"The impact of prehospital whole blood on hemorrhaging trauma patients: a multi-center retrospective study","volume":"95","author":"Braverman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib48","first-page":"S15","article-title":"Prehospital whole blood reduces early mortality in patients with hemorrhagic shock","volume":"61","author":"Braverman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3182a4ffa0","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized controlled pilot trial of modified whole blood versus component therapy in severely injured patients requiring large volume","volume":"258","author":"Cotton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000003551","article-title":"Prehospital low titer group O whole blood is feasible and safe: results of a prospective randomized pilot trial","volume":"92","author":"Guyette","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1097\/XCS.0000000000000708","article-title":"Whole blood resuscitation and association with survival in injured patients with an elevated probability of mortality","volume":"237","author":"Sperry","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1159\/000519627","article-title":"Prehospital plasma transfusion: what does the literature show?","volume":"48","author":"Jackson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transfus Med Hemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1097\/XCS.0000000000000695","article-title":"Optimal prehospital crystalloid resuscitation volume in trauma patients at risk for hemorrhagic shock","volume":"237","author":"Deeb","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199410273311701","article-title":"Immediate versus delayed fluid resuscitation for hypotensive patients with penetrating torso injuries","volume":"331","author":"Bickell","year":"1994","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2019.11.018","article-title":"Every minute counts: The impact of pre-hospital response time and scene time on mortality of penetrating trauma patients","volume":"220","author":"Nasser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000002028","article-title":"A\u00a0circulation-first approach for resuscitation of trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock","volume":"59","author":"Chio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000003820","article-title":"Time to early resuscitative intervention association with mortality in trauma patients at risk for hemorrhage","volume":"94","author":"Deeb","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002915","article-title":"Transport time and preoperating room hemostatic interventions are important: improving outcomes after severe truncal injury","volume":"46","author":"Holcomb","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2016.08.018","article-title":"Time is the enemy: mortality in trauma patients with hemorrhage from torso injury occurs long before the \u201cgolden hour.\u201d","volume":"212","author":"Alarhayem","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Surg"}],"container-title":["JACEP Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2688115224013559?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2688115224013559?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T21:26:51Z","timestamp":1745011611000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2688115224013559"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S2688115224013559"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041","relation":{},"ISSN":["2688-1152"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2688-1152","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prehospital Blood Administration in Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"JACEP Open","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acepjo.2024.100041","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American College of Emergency Physicians.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100041"}}