{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T21:27:43Z","timestamp":1775251663763,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacepopen.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JACEP Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2026.100334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:59:27Z","timestamp":1770857967000},"page":"100334","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trends in Laboratory Evaluation and Risk Factors for Transfusion Therapy in Pediatric Epistaxis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8125-9262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Shieh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2595-8541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela C.","family":"Weyand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3775-8424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren A.","family":"Bohm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2068-9282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James A.","family":"Cranford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9256-9012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Tomlinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2026.100334_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2017.10.026","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics of pediatric epistaxis presenting to the emergency department","volume":"103","author":"Shay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2026.100334_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.18203\/2349-3291.ijcp20162418","article-title":"Management of pediatric epistaxis in different age group in a tertiary care centre","volume":"3","author":"Misra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Contemp Pediatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2026.100334_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2014.06.009","article-title":"An update on management of pediatric epistaxis","volume":"78","author":"Patel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2026.100334_bib4","article-title":"Age distribution of epistaxis in outpatient pediatric patients","volume":"102","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2026.100334_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2012.02.033","article-title":"Predictors of bleeding disorders in children with epistaxis: value of preoperative tests and clinical screening","volume":"76","author":"Elden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2026.100334_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000001698","article-title":"Etiology, management, and outcome of pediatric epistaxis","volume":"37","author":"Send","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2026.100334_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLG.0000195369.01289.9B","article-title":"Pediatric epistaxis","volume":"116","author":"Damrose","year":"2006","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2026.100334_bib8","article-title":"Outpatient management of pediatric epistaxis: a cost analysis and clinical model","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2026.100334_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2025.112427","article-title":"Risk factors associated with epistaxis in children","volume":"195","author":"Cummins","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2026.100334_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2023.111827","article-title":"Environmental impact on pediatric epistaxis and the utility of diagnostic studies: a single-institutional review","volume":"176","author":"Lucas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2026.100334_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215124000069","article-title":"Managing recurrent nosebleeds in children: a retrospective review of 718 children attending a nurse-led epistaxis clinic","volume":"138","author":"Drake","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2026.100334_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2015-205528","article-title":"Emergency department care of childhood epistaxis","volume":"34","author":"B\u00e9quignon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2026.100334_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000003190","article-title":"Pediatric epistaxis\u2014effectiveness of conservative management","volume":"40","author":"Hadar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2026.100334_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2014.05.013","article-title":"Pediatric epistaxis: epidemiology, management & impact on quality of life","volume":"78","author":"Davies","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2026.100334_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818785898","article-title":"Epidemiology and management of pediatric epistaxis","volume":"159","author":"Baugh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"1_suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2026.100334_bib16","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline: nosebleed (epistaxis)","volume":"162","author":"Tunkel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2026.100334_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24679","article-title":"Seasonal variation and predictors of epistaxis","volume":"124","author":"Purkey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2026.100334_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208","article-title":"The REDCap consortium: building an international community of software platform partners","volume":"95","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2026.100334_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2026.100334_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2004.12.014","article-title":"Epidemiology of epistaxis in US emergency departments, 1992 to 2001","volume":"46","author":"Pallin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2026.100334_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489418797946","article-title":"Inpatient pediatric epistaxis: management and resource utilization","volume":"127","author":"Ni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2026.100334_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26240","article-title":"Pediatric otolaryngologic conditions: racial and socioeconomic disparities in the United States","volume":"127","author":"Shay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2026.100334_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814552647","article-title":"Associations between socioeconomic status and race with complications after tonsillectomy in children","volume":"151","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2026.100334_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(82)80757-9","article-title":"Coagulation studies in children with isolated recurrent epistaxis","volume":"100","author":"Kiley","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2026.100334_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(88)80532-8","article-title":"Prevalence and significance of mild bleeding disorders in children with recurrent epistaxis","volume":"113","author":"Katsanis","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Pediatr"}],"container-title":["JACEP Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2688115226000093?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2688115226000093?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T20:17:36Z","timestamp":1775247456000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2688115226000093"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S2688115226000093"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acepjo.2026.100334","relation":{},"ISSN":["2688-1152"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2688-1152","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Trends in Laboratory Evaluation and Risk Factors for Transfusion Therapy in Pediatric Epistaxis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"JACEP Open","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acepjo.2026.100334","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American College of Emergency Physicians.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100334"}}