{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T01:36:51Z","timestamp":1763429811850,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]],"date-time":"2022-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":39,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["academicpathologyjournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Academic Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T17:04:27Z","timestamp":1652375067000},"page":"100025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Educational Case: Osteogenesis imperfecta"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Light","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Retrouvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard M.","family":"Conran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2374289517715040","article-title":"Pathology competencies for medical education and educational cases","volume":"4","author":"Knollmann-Ritschel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acad Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/160.1.15","article-title":"The mistaken diagnosis of child abuse: a three-year USAF Medical Center analysis and literature review","volume":"160","author":"Wardinsky","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib3","first-page":"669","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of physical abuse in children","volume":"88","author":"Kodner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am Fam Phys"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.39.6.382","article-title":"Testing for osteogenesis imperfecta in cases of suspected non-accidental injury","volume":"39","author":"Marlowe","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31463","article-title":"Clinical perspectives on osteogenesis imperfecta versus non-accidental injury","volume":"169","author":"Pereira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet Part C Semin Med Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000000911","article-title":"Prevalence of abuse among young children with rib fractures: a systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Paine","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib7","first-page":"195","article-title":"Child abuse and osteogenesis imperfecta: how can they be still misdiagnosed? a case report","volume":"9","author":"D'Eufemia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22262","article-title":"Wormian bones: a review","volume":"26","author":"Bellary","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib9","article-title":"Osteogenesis imperfecta and child abuse from a forensic point of view","volume":"13","author":"Altalib","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib10","series-title":"Rubin's Pathology: Mechanisms of Human Disease","first-page":"1384","article-title":"Bones, joints, and soft tissue","author":"Garcia","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib11","first-page":"A28.2","article-title":"G68 case series: rib fractures in infants with osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"102","author":"Avann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3109\/15513815.2014.962198","article-title":"Diagnosis of fetal osteogenesis imperfecta by multidisciplinary assessment: a retrospective study of 10 cases","volume":"34","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fetal Pediatr Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000332228","article-title":"Osteogenesis imperfecta: a review with clinical examples","volume":"2","author":"Van Dijk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Syndromol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib14","series-title":"Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease","first-page":"1171","article-title":"Bones, joints, and soft tissue tumors","author":"Horvai","year":"2021"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.36545","article-title":"Osteogenesis imperfecta: clinical diagnosis, nomenclature and severity assessment","volume":"164","author":"Van Dijk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet Part A"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.154.5.2108539","article-title":"Differentiation of child abuse from osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"154","author":"Ablin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"143","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Metabolic bone disease of prematurity: diagnosis and management","volume":"7","author":"Faienza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2020.101086","article-title":"Screening for metabolic bone disease of prematurity","volume":"25","author":"Rayannavar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.22.1.g02ja1287","article-title":"Pediatric ribs: a spectrum of abnormalities","volume":"22","author":"Glass","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib20","article-title":"Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in pediatric patients: epidemiology and risk factors of a poor outcome","volume":"48","author":"Popescu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Int Med Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Multifocal rib osteomyelitis in children: a case report and literature review","volume":"2017","author":"Idrissa","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Surg Case Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2010.36","article-title":"Caffey disease or infantile cortical hyperostosis: a case report","volume":"25","author":"Kutty","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oman Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib23","series-title":"Zitelli and Davis' Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis","first-page":"171","article-title":"Child abuse and neglect","author":"Carrasco","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e132","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.13106","article-title":"Menkes disease mimicking child abuse","volume":"34","author":"Droms","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.100503","article-title":"Menkes kinky hair disease","volume":"57","author":"Choudhary","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e477","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3793","article-title":"Evaluating children with fractures for child physical abuse","volume":"133","author":"Flaherty","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-018-0778-5","article-title":"Hypophosphatasia: from diagnosis to treatment","volume":"20","author":"Simon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922807311397","article-title":"10-year case review of nutritional rickets in Children's Hospital of Michigan","volume":"47","author":"Lazol","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib29","article-title":"A\u00a0unique association of osteogenesis imperfecta with bilateral renal osteodystrophy and gastroenteritis in a three-year-old boy","volume":"11","author":"Qadar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.16.2.101","article-title":"Genetic heterogeneity in osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"16","author":"Sillence","year":"1979","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Genet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2000.15.9.1650","article-title":"Type V osteogenesis imperfecta: a new form of brittle bone disease","volume":"15","author":"Glorieux","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-011-1236-x","article-title":"Osteogenesis imperfecta type V","volume":"40","author":"Hui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-016-0299-y","article-title":"Advances in the classification and treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"14","author":"Thomas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40348-020-00101-9","article-title":"Osteogenesis imperfecta\u2014pathophysiology and therapeutic options","volume":"7","author":"Etich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Cell Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_220_17","article-title":"Osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"21","author":"Sam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.33909","article-title":"Nosology and classification of genetic skeletal disorders: 2010 revision","volume":"155","author":"Warman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet Part A"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib37","first-page":"190","article-title":"Perinatal lethal osteogenesis imperfecta in a Thai newborn: the autopsy and histopathogical findings","volume":"95","author":"Himakhun","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Assoc Thail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib38","article-title":"The basics of OI: genetics and clinical management [Conference presentation]","author":"Marini","year":"2020","journal-title":"OIF 2020 Virtual Conference"},{"issue":"10028","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00728-X","article-title":"Osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"387","author":"Forlino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.1.30","article-title":"Osteogenesis imperfecta type VI: a form of brittle bone disease with a mineralization defect","volume":"17","author":"Glorieux","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2018.10.003","article-title":"Osteogenesis imperfecta: a pediatric orthopedic perspective","volume":"50","author":"Franzone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.13846","article-title":"The evolution of the nosology of osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"99","author":"Chetty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2694","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.01287","article-title":"Radial head dislocation and subluxation in osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"89","author":"Fassier","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Jt Surg - Ser A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S141075","article-title":"Therapy with pamidronate in children with osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"11","author":"Marginean","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Des Dev Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib45","series-title":"Rubin's Pathology: Clinical Pathologic Foundations of Medicine","first-page":"1305","article-title":"Bones, joints and soft tissue","author":"Garcia","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib46","series-title":"Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 9e","article-title":"Initial evaluation and management of orthopedic injuries","author":"Mayersak","year":"2020"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.81","article-title":"New perspectives on osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"7","author":"Forlino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-005-2035-9","article-title":"The role of collagen in bone strength","volume":"17","author":"Viguet-Carrin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib49","article-title":"Bone","volume":"vol. 16e","author":"Mescher","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib50","series-title":"Histology and Cell Biology: Examination and Board Review","article-title":"Bone","author":"Paulsen","year":"2010"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/BPB.0b013e32834de542","article-title":"Surgical management of long bone pseudarthrosis with severe limb length discrepancy in osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"22","author":"To","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Orthop Part B"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.2.237","article-title":"Positive linear growth and bone responses to growth hormone treatment in children with types III and IV osteogenesis imperfecta: high predictive value of the carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen","volume":"18","author":"Marini","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(00)00269-6","article-title":"Static and dynamic bone histomorphometry in children with osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"26","author":"Rauch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-199807000-00004","article-title":"Osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"6","author":"Kocher","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-016-3723-3","article-title":"Osteogenesis imperfecta in children and adolescents\u2014new developments in diagnosis and treatment","volume":"27","author":"Trejo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib56","series-title":"Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease","first-page":"141","article-title":"Genetic disorders","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib57","series-title":"Rubin's Pathology: Clinicopathologic Foundations of Medicine","first-page":"243","article-title":"Developmental and genetic disorders","author":"Cannizzaro","year":"2015"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm4.10118","article-title":"A\u00a0multicenter observational cohort study to evaluate the effects of bisphosphonate exposure on bone mineral density and other health outcomes in osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"3","author":"Bains","year":"2019","journal-title":"JBMR Plus"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000813","article-title":"Osteogenesis imperfecta: advancements in genetics and treatment","volume":"31","author":"Rossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-018-4901-y","article-title":"Successful anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and meniscal repair in osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"26","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"}],"container-title":["Academic Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2374289522000148?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2374289522000148?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T06:28:28Z","timestamp":1762496908000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2374289522000148"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"alternative-id":["S2374289522000148"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025","relation":{},"ISSN":["2374-2895"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2374-2895"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Educational Case: Osteogenesis imperfecta","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Academic Pathology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acpath.2022.100025","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Association of Pathology Chairs.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100025"}}