{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T13:04:48Z","timestamp":1792415088775,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["academicradiology.org","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Academic Radiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,25]],"date-time":"2019-05-25T11:42:43Z","timestamp":1558784563000},"page":"1668-1674","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Contrast Extravasation using Power Injectors for Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography in Children: Frequency and Injury Severity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Christian A.","family":"Barrera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ammie M.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley M.","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Mecca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Biko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Saul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hansel J.","family":"Otero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rct.0000120855.80935.2f","article-title":"Computed tomography contrast enhancement principles and the use of high-concentration contrast media","volume":"28","author":"Herman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10090908","article-title":"Intravenous contrast medium administration and scan timing at CT: considerations and approaches","volume":"256","author":"Bae","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2273020102","article-title":"Peak contrast enhancement in CT and MR angiography: when does it occur and why? Pharmacokinetic study in a porcine model","volume":"227","author":"Bae","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0004","volume":"129","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02737651","article-title":"Reactions to radiocontrast material. Anaphylactoid events in radiology","volume":"17","author":"Lieberman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/856541","article-title":"Extravasation injuries in adults","volume":"2013","author":"Al-Benna","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISRN Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193413511921","article-title":"Extravasation injuries: a review","volume":"39","author":"Goutos","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Am]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2431060554","article-title":"Frequency, management, and outcome of extravasation of nonionic iodinated contrast medium in 69,657 intravenous injections","volume":"243","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.176.1.2353114","article-title":"Safe use of an intravenous power injector for CT: experience and protocol","volume":"176","author":"Miles","year":"1990","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.176.1.2353113","article-title":"Extravasation of nonionic radiologic contrast media: efficacy of conservative treatment","volume":"176","author":"Cohan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.180.3.1871281","article-title":"Extravasation of iopamidol and iohexol during contrast-enhanced CT: report of 28 cases","volume":"180","author":"Sistrom","year":"1991","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.05.0667","article-title":"Safety of power injector use in children as measured by incidence of extravasation","volume":"187","author":"Amaral","year":"2006","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01372228","article-title":"Safe use of power injectors with central and peripheral venous access devices for pediatric CT","volume":"26","author":"Kaste","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1754-9485.2012.02355.x","article-title":"Study of patients with intravenous contrast extravasation on CT studies, with radiology staff and ward staff cannulations","volume":"56","author":"Kingston","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076-6332(97)80073-6","article-title":"Local reactions after injection of iodinated contrast material: detection, management, and outcome","volume":"4","author":"Cohan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0016","unstructured":"Children's Hospitals Solutions for Patient. Solutions for patient safety prevention bundles. Available at: https:\/\/www.solutionsforpatientsafety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sps-operating-definitions.pdf. Accessed August 13 2018."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-3494","article-title":"Children's Hospitals' solutions for patient safety collaborative impact on hospital-acquired harm","volume":"140","author":"Lyren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.200.3.8756899","article-title":"Extravasation of radiographic contrast material: recognition, prevention, and treatment","volume":"200","author":"Cohan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-002-1630-9","article-title":"Contrast medium extravasation injury: guidelines for prevention and management","volume":"12","author":"Bellin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1159\/000083921","article-title":"Contrast media extravasation: manual versus power injector","volume":"14","author":"Sinan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.16.16768","article-title":"Comparison of mechanical versus hand administration of IV contrast agents for pediatric pulmonary CT angiography","volume":"208","author":"Zapala","year":"2017","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.21.2035","article-title":"Hemodynamic shear stress and its role in atherosclerosis","volume":"282","author":"Malek","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2016.09.016","article-title":"Role of contrast media viscosity in altering vessel wall shear stress and relation to the risk of contrast extravasations","volume":"38","author":"Sakellariou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2009.10.2.150","article-title":"The impact of warmed intravenous contrast material on the bolus geometry of coronary CT angiography applications","volume":"10","author":"Hazirolan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11111282","article-title":"Rate of contrast material extravasations and allergic-like reactions: effect of extrinsic warming of low-osmolality iodinated CT contrast material to 37 degrees C","volume":"262","author":"Davenport","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2014.08.004","article-title":"Incidence of contrast medium extravasation for CT and MRI in a large academic medical centre: a report on 502,391 injections","volume":"69","author":"Shaqdan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.3739","article-title":"Prospective study of access site complications of automated contrast injection with peripheral venous access in MDCT","volume":"195","author":"Wienbeck","year":"2010","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.11124\/JBISRIR-2017-003348","article-title":"Contrast media extravasations in patients undergoing computerized tomography scanning: a systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factors and interventions","volume":"16","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"JBI Database Syst Rev Implement Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.212.2.r99au14431","article-title":"Extravasation detection accessory: clinical evaluation in 500 patients","volume":"212","author":"Birnbaum","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2011.05.003","article-title":"Clinical implementation of the new MEDRAD XDS contrast extravasation detector for multidetector computed tomography","volume":"42","author":"Saade","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Imaging Radiat Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2014.07.021","article-title":"Intravenous contrast extravasation during CT: a national data registry and practice quality improvement initiative","volume":"12","author":"Dykes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol: JACR"}],"container-title":["Academic Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1076633219302211?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1076633219302211?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T18:35:44Z","timestamp":1608057344000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1076633219302211"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1076633219302211"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6332"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6332","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Contrast Extravasation using Power Injectors for Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography in Children: Frequency and Injury Severity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Academic Radiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acra.2019.04.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 The Association of University Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}