{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:56:54Z","timestamp":1776301014810,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["academicradiology.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Academic Radiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T17:53:56Z","timestamp":1639590836000},"page":"674-684","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Post COVID-19 Head and Neck Mucormycosis: MR Imaging Spectrum and Staging"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4104-9738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maha Ibrahim","family":"Metwally","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Mobashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Hassan","family":"Sweed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara Mohamed","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aya Gamal","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamal","family":"ElKashishy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Eesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ismail","family":"Elnashar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashraf","family":"Elmalt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Ibrahim","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaimaa Khaled","family":"Idris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Al Shaimaa Fathi","family":"Elshetry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"82","key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0001","article-title":"Sino-orbital mucormycosis in a COVID-19 patient: A case report","volume":"1","author":"Maini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intern J of Surg Case Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S126","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/14.Supplement_1.S126","volume":"14","author":"Sugar","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mucormycosis Clin. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myx017","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus as the major risk factor for mucormycosis in Mexico: epidemiology, diagnosis, and outcomes of reported cases","volume":"56","author":"Corzo-Le\u00f3n","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.03.006","article-title":"Steroid-induced hyperglycemia: An underdiagnosed problem or clinical inertia? A narrative review","volume":"139","author":"Bonaventura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.3.556-569.2005","article-title":"Novel perspectives on mucormycosis: pathophysiology, presentation, and management","volume":"18","author":"Spellberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0006","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a descriptive and predictive study","volume":"5","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14057","article-title":"COVID-19 infection may cause ketosis and ketoacidosis","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI42164","article-title":"The endothelial cell receptor GRP78 is required for mucormycosis pathogenesis in diabetic mice","volume":"120","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3390\/jof5010023","article-title":"Disease entities in mucormycosis","volume":"5","author":"Serris","year":"2019","journal-title":"J of Fungi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0010","first-page":"62","article-title":"Central retinal artery occlusion as the presenting manifestation of invasive rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis Taiwan","volume":"10","author":"Bawankar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.116921","article-title":"Perineural spread of rhino-orbitocerebral mucormycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans","volume":"16","author":"Parsi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Indian Acad. Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0012","article-title":"Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM). and associated cerebritis treated with adjuvant retrobulbar amphotericin B","volume":"19","author":"Safi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol. Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55070319","article-title":"Invasive and non-invasive fungal rhinosinusitis\u2014a review and update of the evidence","volume":"55","author":"Deutsch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"issue":"264","key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0014","first-page":"e5","article-title":"Mucormycosis with orbital compartment syndrome in a patient with COVID-19","volume":"42","author":"Werthman-Ehrenreich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Emerg. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2016.152900","article-title":"ECIL-6 guidelines for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, aspergillosis and mucormycosis in leukemia and hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients","volume":"102","author":"Tissot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0016","first-page":"e10726","article-title":"Rhino-orbital mucormycosis associated with COVID-19","volume":"12","author":"Mehta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrnm.2018.01.001","article-title":"Imaging features of rhinocerebral mucormycosis: A study of 43 patients","volume":"49","author":"Therakathu","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Egyptian J of Radiol and Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1086\/588660","volume":"46","author":"De Pauw","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-010-0162-8","article-title":"Mucormycosis of the head and neck","volume":"13","author":"Dan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Current infectious disease reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.3.556-569.2005","article-title":"Novel perspectives on mucormycosis: pathophysiology, presentation, and management","volume":"18","author":"Spellberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1086\/432579","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcome of zygomycosis: a review of 929 reported cases","volume":"41","author":"Roden","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir865","article-title":"Pathogenesis of mucormycosis","volume":"54","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.07.011","article-title":"The epidemiology and clinical manifestations of mucormycosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case reports","volume":"25","author":"Jeong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13175","article-title":"A meta-analysis of survival factors in rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis-has anything changed in the past 20 years?","volume":"43","author":"Vaughan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3390\/jof5010026","article-title":"Global epidemiology of mucormycosis","volume":"5","author":"Prakash","year":"2019","journal-title":"J of Fungi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240101500407","article-title":"Usefulness of computed tomography and magnetic resonance in fulminant invasive fungal rhinosinusitis","volume":"15","author":"Howells","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am JRhinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1808","article-title":"The \u2018\u2018Black Turbinate\u2019\u2019 sign: an early MR imaging finding of nasal mucormycosis","volume":"31","author":"Safder","year":"2010","journal-title":"AJNR Am JNeuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160897","article-title":"Early differential diagnosis of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis and bacterial orbital cellulitis: based on computed tomography findings","volume":"11","author":"Son","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4466","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-06838-1","article-title":"Chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis vs sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma: the differentiating value of MRI","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"European radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjopt.2012.08.009","article-title":"Fungal rhinosinusitis and imaging modalities","volume":"26","author":"Gorovoy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Saudi J of Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.160.1.3715034","article-title":"Craniofacial mucormycosis: assessment with CT","volume":"160","author":"Gamba","year":"1986","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007_bib0032","first-page":"489","article-title":"Acute optic nerve infarction demonstrated by diffusion-weighted imaging in a case of rhinocerebralmucormycosis","volume":"28","author":"Mathur","year":"2007","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"}],"container-title":["Academic Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1076633221005729?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1076633221005729?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T08:53:36Z","timestamp":1761036816000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1076633221005729"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1076633221005729"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6332"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6332","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Post COVID-19 Head and Neck Mucormycosis: MR Imaging Spectrum and Staging","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Academic Radiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acra.2021.12.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Association of University Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}