{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T20:23:05Z","timestamp":1787689385382,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006319","name":"Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["academicradiology.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Academic Radiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T19:52:41Z","timestamp":1787601161000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["3D Fabrication and Multiscanner CT Validation of a Novel Patient-Specific Anthropomorphic Pediatric Head Phantom"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1530-4837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamza","family":"Sekkat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oussama","family":"El Mouden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youssef","family":"Madkouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdellah","family":"Khallouqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdellah","family":"Halimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"El rhazouani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036_bib1","article-title":"Paediatric diagnostic reference levels for common radiological examinations using the European guidelines","volume":"95","author":"Alm\u00e9n","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br\u00a0J\u00a0Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-021-05227-0","article-title":"Reference phantom selection in pediatric computed tomography using data from a large, multicenter registry","volume":"52","author":"Chu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography11110119","article-title":"Dose-dependent analysis of image quality in pediatric head CT scans across different scanners to optimize clinical protocols using phantom-based assessment","volume":"11","author":"Kuwahara","year":"2025","journal-title":"Tomography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036_bib4","first-page":"3443","article-title":"Phantom calibration\u2019s impact on measuring radiodensity changes: implications for evaluating osteosarcoma response","volume":"33","author":"McNamara","year":"2026","journal-title":"Acad\u00a0Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036_bib5","first-page":"2118","article-title":"Correlation between contrast-detail analysis and clinical image quality assessment of intrapulmonary lesions in dual-energy subtraction chest radiography using the two-shot method: a phantom study","volume":"31","author":"Kuramoto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acad\u00a0Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036_bib6","first-page":"153","article-title":"Spectral beam shaping in unenhanced chest CT examinations","volume":"25","author":"Suntharalingam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acad\u00a0Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036_bib7","first-page":"1010","article-title":"Adaptive iterative dose reduction 3D integrated with automatic tube current modulation for CT coronary artery calcium quantification","volume":"25","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acad\u00a0Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4537","DOI":"10.1007\/s12206-024-2407-8","article-title":"3D printed phantoms for medical imaging: recent developments and challenges","volume":"38","author":"Wegner","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Mech Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/s44172-024-00218-z","article-title":"Super phantoms: advanced models for testing medical imaging technologies","volume":"3","author":"Manohar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13020328","article-title":"Utilisation of 3D printing in the manufacturing of an anthropomorphic paediatric head phantom for the optimisation of scanning parameters in CT","volume":"13","author":"Jusufbegovi\u0107","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-44602-9","article-title":"Design and fabrication of 3D-printed patient-specific soft tissue and bone phantoms for CT imaging","volume":"13","author":"Mei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-023-01379-5","article-title":"Construction and validation of an infant chest phantom for paediatric computed tomography","volume":"47","author":"Rodgers","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phys Eng Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036_bib13","first-page":"438","article-title":"3D printed patient-specific thorax phantom with realistic heterogenous bone radiopacity using filament printer technology","volume":"32","author":"Hatamikia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Z\u00a0Med\u00a0Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-18097-5","article-title":"Radiation dose optimisation in paediatric head CT using attenuation-based auto prescription","volume":"15","author":"Zellner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-32391-2","article-title":"Validation of a novel 3D-printed anthropomorphic pediatric abdomen phantom using photon-counting CT","volume":"15","author":"Schikorra","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036_bib16","article-title":"Assessing radiological properties of novel tissue equivalent materials for heterogeneous pediatric head phantom: experimental insights and Monte Carlo simulations","volume":"57","author":"Sekkat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucl\u00a0Eng\u00a0Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036_bib17","article-title":"Cost-effective pediatric head phantom for computed tomography dosimetry and its evaluation using pencil ion chamber and OSLD","volume":"237","author":"Khallouqi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Radiat\u00a0Phys\u00a0Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036_bib18","first-page":"e1","article-title":"RECORDS: improved Reporting of montE CarlO RaDiation transport Studies: report of the AAPM Research Committee Task Group 268","volume":"45","author":"Sechopoulos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med\u00a0Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036_bib19","unstructured":"Pronyaev, V.G., and V. (Austria) International Atomic Energy Agency Nuclear Data Section. XMuDat: Photon attenuation data on PC. Version 1.0.1 of August 1998. Summary documentation;\u00a02025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036_bib20","first-page":"1323","article-title":"3D Slicer as an image computing platform for the Quantitative Imaging Network","volume":"30","author":"Fedorov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Magn\u00a0Reson\u00a0Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036_bib21","unstructured":"Tissue substitutes in radiation dosimetry and measurement. Bethesda, Md., U.S.A: International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements; 1989, 189 pp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036_bib22","article-title":"Comparing tissue-equivalent properties of polyester and epoxy resins with PMMA material using Gate\/Geant4 simulation toolkit","volume":"220","author":"Khallouqi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiat\u00a0Phys\u00a0Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036_bib23","article-title":"Automatic measurement of CT number in the ACR CT phantom and its implementation to investigate the impact of tube voltage on the measured CT number","volume":"216","author":"Anam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiat\u00a0Phys\u00a0Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036_bib24","article-title":"A customized anthropomorphic 3D-printed phantom to reproducibility assessment in computed tomography: an oncological case study","volume":"13","author":"Cavaliere","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front\u00a0Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036_bib25","article-title":"Multivendor comparison of quantification accuracy of effective atomic number by Dual-Energy CT: a phantom study","volume":"180","author":"Qin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur\u00a0J\u00a0Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.70423","article-title":"Impact of acquisition and reconstruction parameters on quantitative accuracy in dual-layer spectral CT: a phantom study","volume":"26","author":"Leng","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Applied Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036_bib27","article-title":"Step-by-step of 3D printing a head-and-neck phantom: proposal of a methodology using fused filament fabrication (FFF) technology","volume":"223","author":"Savi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiat\u00a0Phys\u00a0Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036_bib28","first-page":"5467","article-title":"Advances and applications of three-dimensional-printed patient-specific chest phantoms in radiology: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Silberstein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl\u00a0Sci"}],"container-title":["Academic Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1076633226006161?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1076633226006161?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T20:03:20Z","timestamp":1787688200000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1076633226006161"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S1076633226006161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6332"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6332","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"3D Fabrication and Multiscanner CT Validation of a Novel Patient-Specific Anthropomorphic Pediatric Head Phantom","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Academic Radiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acra.2026.08.036","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Association of Academic Radiology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}