{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T23:37:49Z","timestamp":1792712269281,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005625","name":"R&E Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006098","name":"Radiological Society of North America","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Education Development Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Education Development Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006098","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["academicradiology.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Academic Radiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T03:47:47Z","timestamp":1792640867000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Informed Consent and Risk Presentations by Radiology Trainees for Core Liver Biopsies: Shortcomings and Opportunities for Improvement"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5219-1708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark A.","family":"Kliewer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan C.","family":"Saucke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esra","family":"Alagoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib1","unstructured":"Radiology ACo. ACR-SIR-SPR Practice Parameter on Informed Consent for Image-Guided Procedures. Available at: https:\/\/gravitas.acr.org\/PPTS\/DownloadPreviewDocument?ReleaseId=2&DocId=176."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i9","DOI":"10.1136\/qhc.0100009","article-title":"Understanding risk and lessons for clinical risk communication about treatment preferences","volume":"10","author":"Edwards","year":"2001","journal-title":"Qual Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.109281","article-title":"Identifying, communicating, and de-escalating risk in high-stakes settings: how conversation analysis research can underpin communication training","volume":"140","author":"Albury","year":"2025","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2002.11001.x","article-title":"Presenting risks and benefits to patients","volume":"17","author":"Bergus","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1080\/15265161.2015.1074311","article-title":"Evidence-based nudging: best practices in informed consent","volume":"15","author":"Munoz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Bioeth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2016.08.022","article-title":"Educating residents about informed consent","volume":"23","author":"Oesterling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.127.2.267","article-title":"Risk as feelings","volume":"127","author":"Loewenstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00183-9","article-title":"Fear and anxiety: divergent effects on human pain thresholds","volume":"84","author":"Rhudy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2017-104653","article-title":"Physicians' framing and recommendations. Are they nudging? And do they violate the requirements of informed consent?","volume":"44","author":"Ploug","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2017-104480","article-title":"Nudging, informed consent and bullshit","volume":"44","author":"Simkulet","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01904905","article-title":"Role of anxiety sensitivity in pain-related fear and avoidance","volume":"19","author":"Asmundson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510010078034","article-title":"Understanding patients' decisions. Cognitive and emotional perspectives","volume":"270","author":"Redelmeier","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib13","volume":"2012","author":"Kahneman","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/bjso.12409","article-title":"Vocabularies of social influence: managing the moral accountability of influencing another","volume":"60","author":"Huma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Soc Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-021-01074-z","article-title":"Conversations, and how we end them","volume":"593","author":"Stokoe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732305276687","article-title":"Three approaches to qualitative content analysis","volume":"15","author":"Hsieh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22742","article-title":"Liver biopsy","volume":"49","author":"Rockey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib18","unstructured":"Rockey D.C. Liver Biopsy: Proceed With Caution. PSNet [internet] Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, US Department of Health and Human Services; 2014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00840","article-title":"\"Surgery is certainly one good option\": quality and time-efficiency of informed decision-making in surgery","volume":"90","author":"Braddock","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.24.2313","article-title":"Informed decision making in outpatient practice: time to get back to basics","volume":"282","author":"Braddock","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9_Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e31817dc496","article-title":"Informed decision-making and colorectal cancer screening: is it occurring in primary care?","volume":"46","author":"Ling","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2011.06.006","article-title":"3rd. New elements for informed decision making: a qualitative study of older adults' views","volume":"86","author":"Price","year":"2012","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1992.tb00997.x","article-title":"The development of a six-item short-form of the state scale of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)","volume":"31","author":"Marteau","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3366","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-021-07089-w","article-title":"Incidence of complications from percutaneous biopsy in chronic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"Thomaides-Brears","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.06.015","article-title":"Reduced mortality rates following elective percutaneous liver biopsies","volume":"139","author":"West","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2013.12.065","article-title":"Informed consent for cardiac procedures: deficiencies in patient comprehension with current methods","volume":"97","author":"Dathatri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2021.05.029","article-title":"Informed consent and informed decision-making in high-risk surgery: a quantitative analysis","volume":"233","author":"Long","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12097","article-title":"Participant comprehension of research for which they volunteer: a systematic review","volume":"46","author":"Montalvo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Nurs Scholarsh"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1503\/cjs.047709","article-title":"Informed decision-making in elective major vascular surgery: analysis of 145 surgeon-patient consultations","volume":"54","author":"Etchells","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000314","article-title":"It's big surgery: preoperative expressions of risk, responsibility, and commitment to treatment after high-risk operations","volume":"259","author":"Pecanac","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"h4672","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h4672","article-title":"Understanding the Hawthorne effect","volume":"351","author":"Sedgwick","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib32","article-title":"Interventions to promote informed consent for patients undergoing surgical and other invasive healthcare procedures","volume":"2013","author":"Kinnersley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib33","first-page":"263","article-title":"Shared decision making interventions: theoretical and empirical evidence with implications for health literacy","volume":"240","author":"Stacey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.03.025","article-title":"Complication rate of percutaneous liver biopsies among persons with advanced chronic liver disease in the HALT-C trial","volume":"8","author":"Seeff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib35","article-title":"Personalised risk communication for informed decision making about taking screening tests","volume":"2013","author":"Edwards","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2025.1691499","article-title":"Assessing the quality of AI-generated clinical notes: validated evaluation of a large language model ambient scribe","volume":"8","author":"Palm","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Artif Intell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.11.014","article-title":"Checklist-based training improves consenting skills among radiology residents","volume":"29","author":"Fairchild","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2024.08.020","article-title":"Impact of educational videos on patient understanding of interventional radiology procedures","volume":"31","author":"Makary","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"}],"container-title":["Academic Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1076633226008251?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1076633226008251?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T22:41:07Z","timestamp":1792708867000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1076633226008251"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S1076633226008251"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6332"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6332","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Informed Consent and Risk Presentations by Radiology Trainees for Core Liver Biopsies: Shortcomings and Opportunities for Improvement","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Academic Radiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acra.2026.09.066","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Association of Academic Radiology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}