{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:56:22Z","timestamp":1791312982661,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]],"date-time":"2010-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1277942400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Tropica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,4]],"date-time":"2010-03-04T14:41:00Z","timestamp":1267713660000},"page":"155-162","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Leptospirosis-associated disturbances of blood vessels, lungs and hemostasis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Fernanda da Rocha","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Spichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Athanazio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199907090-00024","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies are an epiphenomenon in HIV-infected patients","volume":"13","author":"Ankri","year":"1999","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib2","first-page":"393","article-title":"The pathologic anatomy and pathogenesis of fatal human leptospirosis (Weil's disease)","volume":"40","author":"Arean","year":"1962","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib3","first-page":"273","article-title":"Studies on the pathogenesis of leptospirosis. II. A clinicopathologic evaluation of hepatic and renal function in experimental leptospiral infections","volume":"11","author":"Arean","year":"1962","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2007.10.012","article-title":"Rattus norvegicus as a model for persistent renal colonization by pathogenic Leptospirainterrogans","volume":"105","author":"Athanazio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00830-2","article-title":"Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance","volume":"3","author":"Bharti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1080\/00313020701329740","article-title":"Pathophysiological mechanism of lung injury in patients with leptospirosis","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib7","first-page":"226","article-title":"A clinicopathological analysis of 12 cases of cerebrovascular leptospirosis","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chung Hua Shen Ching Ching Shen Ko Tsa Chih"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1086\/524664","article-title":"Activation of the coagulation cascade in patients with leptospirosis","volume":"46","author":"Chierakul","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1565","article-title":"Platelet TLR4 activates neutrophil extracellular traps to ensnare bacteria in septic blood","volume":"13","author":"Clark","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822001000300006","article-title":"Severe forms of leptospirosis: clinical, demographic and environmental aspects","volume":"34","author":"Costa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1179\/000349809X12459740922336","article-title":"Leptospirosis and Goodpasture's syndrome: testing the aetiological hypothesis","volume":"103","author":"Craig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib12","article-title":"Leptospirosis pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome is associated with linear deposition of immunoglobulin and complement on the alveolar surface","author":"Croda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000135","article-title":"Natural autoantibodies against glomerular basement membrane exist in normal human sera","volume":"69","author":"Cui","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86821995000300002","article-title":"The hemorrhagic syndrome of leptospirosis: an experimental study in guinea pigs","volume":"28","author":"da Silva","year":"1995","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.42.4.439","article-title":"Is thrombocytopenia seen in patients with leptospirosis immunologically mediated?","volume":"42","author":"Davenport","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711280403","article-title":"Vascular damage in acute experimental leptospirosis of the guinea-pig","volume":"128","author":"De Brito","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1987.11812114","article-title":"Cardiovascular involvement in human and experimental leptospirosis: pathologic findings and immunohistochemical detection of leptospiral antigen","volume":"81","author":"de Brito","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86821992000100004","article-title":"Pulmonary compromise in leptospirosis","volume":"25","author":"de Carvalho","year":"1992","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652002000200006","article-title":"Evaluation of hemostasis disorders and anticardiolipin antibody in patients with severe leptospirosis","volume":"44","author":"De Francesco Daher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1982.31.827","article-title":"Thrombocytopenia in leptospirosis","volume":"31","author":"Edwards","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.063925","article-title":"Anti-cardiolipin antibodies and overall survival in a large cohort: preliminary report","volume":"52","author":"Endler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib22","series-title":"Leptospira and Leptospirosis","author":"Faine","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02856950","article-title":"Leptospiral cerebral arteritis: report of 4 autopsy cases","volume":"4","author":"Gong","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Acad. Med. Wuhan"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1403.071064","article-title":"Leptospirosis-associated severe pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome, Salvador, Brazil","volume":"14","author":"Gouveia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.110.5.1305","article-title":"Pulmonary capillaritis and alveolar hemorrhage. Update on diagnosis and management","volume":"110","author":"Green","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2005.1.403","article-title":"Acquired disorders of platelet function","author":"Hassan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hematol. Am. Soc. Hematol. Educ. Program"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib27","first-page":"166","article-title":"Plasma exchange support therapy in icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis","volume":"21","author":"Homs","year":"2003","journal-title":"Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra021333","article-title":"The pathophysiology and treatment of sepsis","volume":"348","author":"Hotchkiss","year":"2003","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib29","first-page":"613","article-title":"Anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis and Goodpasture's syndrome","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Jennette","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.43.11.961-c","article-title":"Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) complicating leptospirosis: a previously undescribed association","volume":"43","author":"Laing","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2007.02865.x","article-title":"Platelets, neutrophils, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in sepsis","volume":"6","author":"Ma","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib32","first-page":"363","article-title":"Disseminated intravascular coagulation in leptospirosis","volume":"2","author":"Macedo","year":"1973","journal-title":"Rev. Pathol. Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2006.11.006","article-title":"High serum nitric oxide levels in patients with severe leptospirosis","volume":"100","author":"Maciel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.80.832","article-title":"Pulmonary disease in hamsters infected with Leptospirainterrogans: histopathologic findings and cytokine mRNA expressions","volume":"80","author":"Marinho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1086\/313501","article-title":"Acute lung injury in leptospirosis: clinical and laboratory features, outcome, and factors associated with mortality","volume":"29","author":"Marotto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960000294","article-title":"Pulmonary involvement in leptospirosis","volume":"19","author":"Martinez Garcia","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qco.0000178824.05715.2c","article-title":"Leptospirosis","volume":"18","author":"McBride","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63198-7","article-title":"Alveolar septal deposition of immunoglobulin and complement parallels pulmonary hemorrhage in a guinea pig model of severe pulmonary leptospirosis","volume":"164","author":"Nally","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7014","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.10.7014-7017.2005","article-title":"Lethal infection of C3H\/HeJ and C3H\/SCID mice with an isolate of Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni","volume":"73","author":"Nally","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.7.2164-2172.2004","article-title":"Comparative genomics of two Leptospirainterrogans serovars reveals novel insights into physiology and pathogenesis","volume":"186","author":"Nascimento","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2004.10.001","article-title":"Phylogenetic relatedness among leptospiral strains belonging to same serovar recovered from patients with different clinical syndromes","volume":"5","author":"Natarajaseenivasan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1982.43.05.904","article-title":"Hemostatic changes in dogs with experimental Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae infection","volume":"43","author":"Navarro","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46651990000400004","article-title":"Thrombocytopenia and leptospirosis","volume":"32","author":"Nicodemo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.56.181","article-title":"Lung lesions in human leptospirosis: microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features related to thrombocytopenia","volume":"56","author":"Nicodemo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1081\/JDI-120005363","article-title":"Hypotension, renal failure, and pulmonary complications in leptospirosis","volume":"24","author":"Niwattayakul","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ren. Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-007-0776-y","article-title":"Leptospirosis in Reunion Island (Indian Ocean): analysis of factors associated with severity in 147 confirmed cases","volume":"33","author":"Paganin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1989.41.345","article-title":"Leptospirosis in Chonbuk Province of Korea in 1987: a study of 93 patients","volume":"41","author":"Park","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib48","first-page":"387","article-title":"Study on pulmonary compromise in Weil's disease","volume":"18","author":"Pereira da Silva","year":"1976","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-2993(98)80083-3","article-title":"Morphological characterization of lung and kidney lesions in C3H\/HeJ mice infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae: defect of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells are prognosticators of the disease progression","volume":"50","author":"Pereira","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp. Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.72.13","article-title":"Experimental leptospirosis in marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus): a new model for studies of severe pulmonary leptospirosis","volume":"72","author":"Pereira","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.1.450-452.2000","article-title":"A clonal subpopulation of Leptospira interrogans sensu stricto is the major cause of leptospirosis outbreaks in Brazil","volume":"38","author":"Pereira","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01597","article-title":"Unique physiological and pathogenic features of Leptospira interrogans revealed by whole-genome sequencing","volume":"422","author":"Ren","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib53","first-page":"169","article-title":"A study of autopsy findings in 62 cases of leptospirosis in a metropolitan city in India","volume":"51","author":"Salkade","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Postgrad. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-004-0924-5","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of anti-beta2 glycoprotein I and anticardiolipin assays for clinical manifestations of the antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Santiago","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib55","first-page":"1053","article-title":"Seasonal variation of lupus nephritis: high prevalence of class V lupus nephritis during the winter and spring","volume":"32","author":"Schlesinger","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1086\/427110","article-title":"Clinical spectrum of pulmonary involvement in leptospirosis in a region of endemicity, with quantification of leptospiral burden","volume":"40","author":"Segura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.04.085","article-title":"Characterization of virulence of Leptospira isolates in a hamster model","volume":"26","author":"Silva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822002000400017","article-title":"Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of the severe pulmonary form of leptospirosis","volume":"35","author":"Silva","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2005.00332.x","article-title":"Haemodynamics in leptospirosis: effects of plasmapheresis and continuous venovenous haemofiltration","volume":"10","author":"Siriwanij","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nephrology (Carlton)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1310.070150","article-title":"Using death certificate reports to find severe leptospirosis cases, Brazil","volume":"13","author":"Spichler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib61","series-title":"57th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","first-page":"S132","article-title":"Interrelationship between thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure and pulmonary involvement in severe leptospirosis","author":"Spichler","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib62","series-title":"57th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","first-page":"S126","article-title":"Similarities and differences between pediatric and adult leptospirosis in Sao Paulo, Brazil","author":"Spichler","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.79.911","article-title":"Predictors of lethality in severe leptospirosis in Urban Brazil","volume":"79","author":"Spichler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2006.02.002","article-title":"Pulmonary manifestations in antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Stojanovich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/23.5.1177","article-title":"Association of plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha with severity of disease and mortality among patients with leptospirosis","volume":"23","author":"Tajiki","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2005.00764.x","article-title":"Leptospirosis and its pulmonary complications","volume":"10","author":"Thammakumpee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1980.41.10.1655","article-title":"Effect of cyclophosphamide treatment on clinical and serologic response of rats to infection with Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae","volume":"41","author":"Thiermann","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1086\/314424","article-title":"Epidemic leptospirosis associated with pulmonary hemorrhage\u2014Nicaragua, 1995","volume":"178","author":"Trevejo","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2006.02.013","article-title":"Cerebral venous thrombosis as a complication of leptospirosis","volume":"53","author":"Turhan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.695","article-title":"Viral infections as potential triggers of type 1 diabetes","volume":"23","author":"van der Werf","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1086\/314829","article-title":"Review: infectious diseases and coagulation disorders","volume":"180","author":"van Gorp","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200110000-00005","article-title":"Leptospirosis","volume":"14","author":"Vinetz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.2.887-895.2006","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4 protects against lethal Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae infection and contributes to in vivo control of leptospiral burden","volume":"74","author":"Viriyakosol","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2009.04.004","article-title":"Long pentraxin PTX3 is associated with mortality and disease severity in severe leptospirosis","volume":"58","author":"Wagenaar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02434.x","article-title":"Coagulation disorders in patients with severe leptospirosis are associated with severe bleeding and mortality","volume":"15","author":"Wagenaar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib76","first-page":"47","article-title":"High resolution light microscopy: adaptation of the method and its use in the study of experimental leptospirosis in guinea pigs","volume":"45","author":"Wakamatsu","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rev. Hosp. Clin. Fac. Med. Sao Paulo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib77","first-page":"759","article-title":"Nitric oxide production and immunoglobulin deposition in leptospiral hemorrhagic respiratory failure","volume":"104","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Formos. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-6-19","article-title":"Thrombocytopenia in the experimental leptospirosis of guinea pig is not related to disseminated intravascular coagulation","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4181","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004181","article-title":"Serum activity of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase is a potential clinical marker for leptospirosis pulmonary hemorrhage","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2007.05.001","article-title":"Natural anti-GBM antibodies from normal human sera recognize alpha3(IV)NC1 restrictively and recognize the same epitopes as anti-GBM antibodies from patients with anti-GBM disease","volume":"124","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199705000-00005","article-title":"Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and systemic lupus erythematosus. Clinical presentation, histology, survival, and outcome","volume":"76","author":"Zamora","year":"1997","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"}],"container-title":["Acta Tropica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001706X10000586?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001706X10000586?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:21:34Z","timestamp":1739924494000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001706X10000586"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0001706X10000586"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-706X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-706X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]}}}