{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:12:34Z","timestamp":1790053954548,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]],"date-time":"2015-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,24]],"date-time":"2014-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1416787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Tropica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,25]],"date-time":"2014-11-25T15:10:56Z","timestamp":1416928256000},"page":"108-114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Subtle changes in Plasmodium falciparum infection complexity following enhanced intervention in Malawi"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"Tamika J.","family":"Sisya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael M.","family":"Kamn\u2019gona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimmy A.","family":"Vareta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Fulakeza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mavuto F.J.","family":"Mukaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl B.","family":"Seydel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam K.","family":"Laufer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terrie E.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Standwell C.","family":"Nkhoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026247","article-title":"Microsatellite markers reveal a spectrum of population structures in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"17","author":"Anderson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0028","article-title":"Mapping malaria transmission intensity in Malawi, 2000\u20132010","volume":"89","author":"Bennett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.10-0035","article-title":"Scaling up malaria control in Zambia: progress and impact 2005\u20132008","volume":"83","author":"Chizema-Kawesha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4506","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.8.4506","article-title":"High recombination rate in natural populations of Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"96","author":"Conway","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-7-223","article-title":"A general SNP-based molecular barcode for Plasmodium falciparum identification and tracking","volume":"7","author":"Daniels","year":"2008","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e60780","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060780","article-title":"Genetic surveillance detects both clonal and epidemic transmission of malaria following enhanced intervention in Senegal","volume":"8","author":"Daniels","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.12157","article-title":"NeEstimator v2: re-implementation of software for the estimation of contemporary effective population size (Ne) from genetic data","volume":"14","author":"Do","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol. Resour."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2745.2001.00558.x","article-title":"Severely reduced sexual reproduction in northern populations of a clonal plant, Decodon verticillatus (Lythraceae)","volume":"89","author":"Dorken","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0045","series-title":"PHYLIP (Phylogeny Inference Package), v. 3.57, Distributed by the author","author":"Felsenstein","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12012","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012012","article-title":"Decreasing burden of malaria in pregnancy in Malawian women and its relationship to use of intermittent preventive therapy or bed nets","volume":"5","author":"Feng","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111627","article-title":"FSTAT (Version 1.2): a computer program to calculate F-statistics","volume":"86","author":"Goudet","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Hered."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182013002278","article-title":"The Sri Lankan paradox: high genetic diversity in Plasmodium vivax populations despite decreasing levels of malaria transmission","volume":"141","author":"Gunawardena","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.2010.01637.x","article-title":"Understanding and estimating effective population size for practical application in marine species management","volume":"25","author":"Hare","year":"2011","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/16.9.847","article-title":"LIAN 3.0: detecting linkage disequilibrium in multilocus data","volume":"16","author":"Haubold","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.107.075481","article-title":"Unbiased estimator for genetic drift and effective population size","volume":"177","author":"Jorde","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.73.622","article-title":"Reduction of childhood malaria by social marketing of insecticide-treated nets: a case-control study of effectiveness in Malawi","volume":"73","author":"Mathanga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-35","article-title":"Human cerebral malaria and Plasmodium falciparum genotypes in Malawi","volume":"11","author":"Milner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.12175","article-title":"\u2018Big data\u2019 from shrinking pathogen populations","volume":"22","author":"Neafsey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/89.3.583","article-title":"Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals","volume":"89","author":"Nei","year":"1978","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/98.3.625","article-title":"Genetic drift and estimation of effective population size","volume":"98","author":"Nei","year":"1981","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.12099","article-title":"Population genetic correlates of declining transmission in a human pathogen","volume":"22","author":"Nkhoma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2589","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2012.0113","article-title":"Close kinship within multiple-genotype malaria parasite infections","volume":"279","author":"Nkhoma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70096-7","article-title":"Changes in the burden of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"10","author":"O\u2019meara","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-7-125","article-title":"Reduction of transmission from malaria patients by artemisinin combination therapies: a pooled analysis of six randomized trials","volume":"7","author":"Okell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e62214","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062214","article-title":"Childhood malaria admission rates to four hospitals in Malawi between 2000 and 2010","volume":"8","author":"Okiro","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3428","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2008.03842.x","article-title":"Genetic estimates of contemporary effective population size: what can they tell us about the importance of genetic stochasticity for wild population persistence?","volume":"17","author":"Palstra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/104.3.531","article-title":"A new method for estimating the effective population size from allele frequency changes","volume":"104","author":"Pollak","year":"1983","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1802.111008","article-title":"Lack of decline in childhood malaria, Malawi, 2001\u20132010","volume":"18","author":"Roca-Feltrer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e92","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0020092","article-title":"Reduction of malaria transmission to Anopheles mosquitoes with a six-dose regimen of co-artemether","volume":"2","author":"Sutherland","year":"2005","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1017\/S0016672301005286","article-title":"A pseudo-likelihood method for estimating effective population size from temporally spaced samples","volume":"78","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.2307\/2408641","article-title":"Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure","volume":"38","author":"Weir","year":"1984","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0165","series-title":"Progress & Impact Series No. 6: Focus on Malawi","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0170","series-title":"World Malaria Report 2013","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.1043","article-title":"Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity in western Kenya highlands","volume":"77","author":"Zhong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."}],"container-title":["Acta Tropica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001706X14003763?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001706X14003763?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,23]],"date-time":"2022-04-23T02:46:27Z","timestamp":1650681987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001706X14003763"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S0001706X14003763"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-706X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-706X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Subtle changes in Plasmodium falciparum infection complexity following enhanced intervention in Malawi","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Acta Tropica","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.11.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}