{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T20:13:11Z","timestamp":1792699991630,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004386","name":"Universiti Malaya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RP016B-14AFR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP016B-14AFR"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004386","name":"Universiti Malaya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM.C\/625\/1HIR\/MOHE\/CHAN\/11\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM.C\/625\/1HIR\/MOHE\/CHAN\/11\/2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004386","name":"Universiti Malaya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG053\/11BIO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG053\/11BIO"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Tropica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T17:17:11Z","timestamp":1454347031000},"page":"162-168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Epidemiology of human leptospirosis in Malaysia, 2004\u20132012"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Douadi","family":"Benacer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwai Lin","family":"Thong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ng Choung","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khebir Bin","family":"Verasahib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renee L.","family":"Galloway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudy A.","family":"Hartskeerl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Souris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siti Nursheena Mohd","family":"Zain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1128\/AM.29.1.30-33.1975","article-title":"Pathogenic leptospires isolated from Malaysian surface waters","volume":"29","author":"Alexander","year":"1975","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1801.101892","article-title":"Outbreak of leptospirosis after flood: the Philippines 2009","volume":"18","author":"Amilasan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0015","first-page":"15","article-title":"Spectrum of flood-related diseases encountered during flood disaster in Johore, Malaysia","volume":"15","author":"Badrul Hisham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Malays J. Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00362799","article-title":"A review of leptospirosis in Malaysia","volume":"12","author":"Bahaman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0025","article-title":"Outbreak of Leptospirosis in Pauh, Arau, Perlis","author":"Baharudin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Abstract of the 11th International Annual Symposium on Sustainability Science and Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1080\/0960312002001500","article-title":"Socio-environmental determinants of the leptospirosis outbreak of 1996 in western Rio de Janeiro: a geographical approach","volume":"10","author":"Barcellos","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Health Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0662","article-title":"Isolation and molecular characterization of Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira borgpetersenii isolates from the urban rat populations of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","volume":"88","author":"Benacer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1264\/jsme2.ME12154","article-title":"Pathogenic and saprophytic Leptospira species in water and soils from selected urban sites in Peninsular Malaysia","volume":"28","author":"Benacer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microbes Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00830-2","article-title":"Peru-United States Leptospirosis Consortium,. Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance","volume":"3","author":"Bharti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4061","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.066597-0","article-title":"Leptospira mayottensis sp. nov.: a pathogenic species of the genus Leptospira isolated from humans","volume":"64","author":"Bourhy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0055","series-title":"Econometric Society Monograph No.53","article-title":"Regression analysis of count data","author":"Cameron","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(12)60095-9","article-title":"Modeling seasonal leptospirosis transmission and its association with rainfall and temperature in Thailand using time\u2013series and ARIMAX analyses","volume":"5","author":"Chadsuthi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1405.070940","article-title":"Leptospirosis in Taiwan, 2001\u20132006","volume":"14","author":"Chou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2902","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002902","article-title":"Epidemiology of Leptospira transmitted by rodents in Southeast Asia","volume":"8","author":"Cosson","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1590\/S1020-49892012000900001","article-title":"Surveillance for leptospirosis in the Americas, 1996\u20132005: a review of data from ministries of health","volume":"32","author":"Costa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Panam Salud. Publica."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20377","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020377","article-title":"Seasonality of human leptospirosis in Reunion island (Indian ocean) and its association with meteorological data","volume":"6","author":"Desvars","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0085","first-page":"1","article-title":"Occurrence of human leptospirosis in Malaysia: a retrospective study","volume":"16","author":"El Jalii","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Trop. Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2927","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002927","article-title":"Prospective study of leptospirosis transmission in an urban slum community: role of poor environment in repeated exposures to the leptospira agent","author":"Felzemburgh","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(28)90019-X","article-title":"Recent work on leptospirosis: tustsugamushi disease and tropical typhus in the Federal Malay States","volume":"21","author":"Fletcher","year":"1928","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1903.111260","article-title":"Human leptospirosis trends the Netherlands, 1925\u20132008","volume":"19","author":"Goris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0105","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemiology of leptospirosis from Thai National Disease Surveillance System 2003\u20132012","volume":"7","author":"Hinjoy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Outbreak Surveill. Investig. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1086\/513431","article-title":"Sex differences in clinical leptospirosis in Germany 1997\u20132005","volume":"44","author":"Jansen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.957","article-title":"Seroprevalence of leptospirosis and risk factor analysis in flood-prone rural areas in Lao PDR","volume":"78","author":"Kawaguchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0120","first-page":"455","article-title":"An epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of leptospirosis associated with swimmin, Beaufort, Sabah","volume":"59","author":"Koay","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med. J. Malaysia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2009.12.002","article-title":"Leptospirosis: an emerging disease in travellers","volume":"8","author":"Lau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Travel. Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2010.07.002","article-title":"Climate change, flooding, urbanisation and leptospirosis: fuelling the fire?","volume":"104","author":"Lau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001","article-title":"Leptospirosis","volume":"14","author":"Levett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0140","first-page":"1","article-title":"Leptospirosis: a re-emerging infection","volume":"33","author":"Lim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Malaysia J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0145","unstructured":"Malaysian Department of Statistics, http:\/\/www.statistics.gov.my. (accessed 15.08.14.)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0150","unstructured":"Malaysian Meteorological Department, http:\/\/www.met.gov.my. (accessed 05.08.14.)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.08.007","article-title":"Epidemiology of human leptospirosis in Trinidad and Tobago, 1996\u20132007: a retrospective study","volume":"112","author":"Mohan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1179\/136485909X398221","article-title":"The socio-demographic: environmental and reservoir factors associated with leptospirosis in an urban area of north-eastern Brazil","volume":"103","author":"Oliveira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0165","first-page":"111","article-title":"The effect of urbanisation on the health of urban residents","volume":"65","author":"Osman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Akademika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2003.018556","article-title":"Relation of rainfall pattern and epidemic leptospirosis in the Indian state of Kerala","volume":"58","author":"Pappachan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.047233-0","article-title":"Leptospira idonii sp. nov.: isolated from environmental water","volume":"63","author":"Saito","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0180","first-page":"293","article-title":"Outbreak of melioidosis and leptospirosis co-infection following a rescue operation","volume":"67","author":"Sapian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. J. Malaysia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3883","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph9113883","article-title":"Leptospirosis outbreaks in Nicaragua: identifying critical areas and exploring drivers for evidence-based planning","volume":"9","author":"Schneider","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0190","first-page":"395","article-title":"Seroprevalence of leptospirosis among town service workers on northeastern State of Malaysia","volume":"4","author":"Shafei","year":"2012","journal-title":"IJCRIMPH"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0195","first-page":"253","article-title":"Occupational distribution of leptospiral (SEL) antibodies in West Malaysia","volume":"27","author":"Tan","year":"1973","journal-title":"Med. J. Malaysia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0200","first-page":"1","article-title":"Leptospirosis in West Malaysia-epidemiology and laboratory diagnosis","volume":"2","author":"Tan","year":"1979","journal-title":"Malaysia J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0205","first-page":"123","article-title":"Leptospirosis: an emerging zoonotic disease in Malaysia","volume":"35","author":"Thayaparan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Malaysia J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-91992011000200002","article-title":"Interactions between environment, wild animals and human leptospirosis","volume":"17","author":"Ullmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Venom. Anim. Toxins Incl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-9-147","article-title":"Leptospirosis in the Asia Pacific region","volume":"9","author":"Victoriano","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0220","series-title":"Human Leptospirosis: Guidance for Diagnosis, Surveillance and Control","author":"World Health Organization and the International Leptospirosis Society","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2007.05.003","article-title":"Current status of leptospirosis in Japan and Philippines","volume":"30","author":"Yanagihara","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Acta Tropica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001706X16300419?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001706X16300419?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T05:39:13Z","timestamp":1616045953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001706X16300419"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0001706X16300419"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-706X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-706X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Epidemiology of human leptospirosis in Malaysia, 2004\u20132012","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Acta Tropica","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.01.031","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2016 Elsevier B.V. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}