{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:46:24Z","timestamp":1792784784221,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,13]],"date-time":"2017-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Intermediate Fellowship in Public Health and Tropical Medicine","award":["201900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201900"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/029chgv08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Global Health Program","award":["OPPGH5336"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPPGH5336"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0456r8d26","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Tropica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,13]],"date-time":"2017-07-13T15:18:35Z","timestamp":1499959115000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Diversity and altitudinal distribution of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in visceral leishmaniasis endemic areas of northwest Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"176","author":[{"given":"Solomon","family":"Yared","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Araya","family":"Gebresilassie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Essayas","family":"Akililu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kebede","family":"Deribe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meshesha","family":"Balkew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alon","family":"Warburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asrat","family":"Hailu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teshome","family":"Gebre-Michael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0005","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bilingual key for the identification of Sand flies of the Ethiopian region","volume":"5","author":"Abonnenc","year":"1965","journal-title":"Cah. ORSTOM Entomol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.275","article-title":"Kala-Azar outbreak in Libo Kemkem, Ethiopia: epidemiologic and parasitologic assessment","volume":"77","author":"Alvar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35671","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671","article-title":"Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence","volume":"7","author":"Alvar","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(73)90088-6","article-title":"The epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ethiopia","volume":"67","author":"Ashford","year":"1973","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/11.5.605","article-title":"Sand flies (Diptera, Phlebotomidae) from Ethiopia: taxonomic and biological notes","volume":"2","author":"Ashford","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0030","first-page":"271","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in the middle course of the Ethiopian Rift valley: II. Entomological observations","volume":"40","author":"Balkew","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ethiop. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1948-7134.2011.00116.x","article-title":"Seasonal dynamics and altitudinal distributions of sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) populations in a cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic area of the Cukurova region of Turkey","volume":"36","author":"Belen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vector Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1996.54.530","article-title":"Use of weather and remote sensing to predict the geographic and seasonal distribution of Phlebotomus papatasi in south-west Asia","volume":"54","author":"Cross","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-240","article-title":"The burden of neglected tropical diseases in Ethiopia, and opportunities for integrated control and elimination","volume":"5","author":"Deribe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s004300100085","article-title":"Worldwide increasing risk factors for leshmaniasis","volume":"190","author":"Desjex","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762010000700002","article-title":"Bionomics of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera Psychodidae) in the province of Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia","volume":"105","author":"Doha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.1999.00182.x","article-title":"Association of Phlebotomus orientalis and other sand flies with vegetation types in the Eastern Sudan focus of kala-azar","volume":"13","author":"Elnaiem","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-238","article-title":"A possible role for Phlebotomus (Anaphlebotomus) rodhaini (Parrot, 1930) in transmission of Leishmania donovani","volume":"4","author":"Elnaiem","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasite Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0070","first-page":"1","article-title":"Distribution and bionomic of sand flies in five ecologically different cutaneous leishmaniasis foci in Morocco","author":"Faraj","year":"2013","journal-title":"SRN Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1972.11686830","article-title":"Studies on leishmaniasis in Ethiopia. III: resting and breeding sites, flight behavior, and seasonal abundance of Phlebotomus longipes (Diptera: psychodidae)","volume":"66","author":"Foster","year":"1972","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1996.tb00082.x","article-title":"The roles of Phlebotomus martini and P. celiae (Diptera Phlebotominae) as vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in the Aba Roba focus, Southern Ethiopia","volume":"10","author":"Gebre-Michael","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/34.4.383","article-title":"Morphometric separation of female of Phlebotomus (Phlebotomus) dudoscqi and P. (P.). bergeroti (Diptera: psychodidae)","volume":"34","author":"Gebre-Michael","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(03)00008-7","article-title":"The isolation of Leishmania tropica and L. aethiopica from Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotoms) species (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the Awash Valley, North eastern Ethiopia","volume":"98","author":"Gebre-Michael","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2003.09.021","article-title":"Mapping the potential distribution of Phlebotomus martini and P. orientalis (Diptera: Psychodidae), vectors of kala-azar in East Africa by use of geographic information systems","volume":"90","author":"Gebre-Michael","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1179\/136485907X176382","article-title":"Preliminary entomological observations in a highland area of Amhara Region, northern Ethiopia, with epidemic visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"101","author":"Gebre-Michael","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-6","article-title":"Further studies on the phlebotomine sand flies of the kala-azar endemic lowlands of Humera- Metema (North-West Ethiopia) with observations on their natural blood meal sources","volume":"3","author":"Gebre-Michael","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasite Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0849-7","article-title":"Species composition of phlebotomine sand flies and bionomics of Phlebotomus orientalis (Diptera: psychodidae) in an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Tahtay Adiyabo district, Northern Ethiopia","volume":"8","author":"Gebresilassie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0115","first-page":"41","article-title":"Observations on the sand fly (Phlebotomidae) fauna of Setit-Humera (Northwestern Ethiopia)","volume":"13","author":"Gemetchu","year":"1975","journal-title":"Ethiop. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0120","first-page":"65","article-title":"The distribution of sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in north-west Ethiopia","volume":"6","author":"Gemetchu","year":"1983","journal-title":"Sinet Ethiop. J. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.1999.00140.x","article-title":"Interspecific hybridization of genetic variability of Phlebotomus sand flies","volume":"13","author":"Ghosh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0269-283X.2004.00548.x","article-title":"Distribution of phlebotomine sandflies, of the subgenus Larroussius, in Morocco","volume":"19","author":"Guernaoui","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-005-0032-8","article-title":"Nocturnal activity of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera Pyschodidae) in a cutaneous leishmaniasis focus in Chichaoua, Morroco","volume":"98","author":"Guernaoui","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(95)00093-T","article-title":"Is Phlebotomus (Larroussius) orientalis a vector of visceral leishmaniasis in South-west Ethiopia?","volume":"60","author":"Hailu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0145","series-title":"Epidemiology and Ecology of Health and Disease in Ethiopia","first-page":"556","article-title":"Leishmaniasis","author":"Hailu","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2004.11.012","article-title":"Species diversity or biodiversity?","volume":"75","author":"Hamilton","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.81.373","article-title":"Natural history of a visceral leishmaniasis outbreak in highland Ethiopia","volume":"81","author":"Herrero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1969.18.1091","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in the Sudan Republic 30. Final epidemiologic report","volume":"18","author":"Hoogstraal","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3113.1986.tb00535.x","article-title":"The differentiation of the leishmaniasis Phlebotomus papatasi from the suspected P. bergeroti (Diptera: phlebotominae)","volume":"11","author":"Lane","year":"1986","journal-title":"Syst. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0170","series-title":"Medical Insects and Arachnids","first-page":"78","article-title":"Sand flies (Phlebotominae)","author":"Lane","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0175","first-page":"121","article-title":"A taxonomic review of the genus Phlebotomus (Diptera: Psychodidae)","volume":"45","author":"Lewis","year":"1982","journal-title":"Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(03)80012-3","article-title":"Emergence or re-emergence of visceral leishmaniasis in areas of Somalia, north-eastern Kenya, and south-eastern Ethiopia in 2000\u201301","volume":"97","author":"Marlet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300049579","article-title":"Seasonal changes in populations of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Kenya","volume":"55","author":"Minter","year":"1964","journal-title":"Bull. Entomol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0190","first-page":"79","article-title":"A review of leishmaniasis in Eastern Africa","volume":"23","author":"Ngure","year":"2009","journal-title":"JNMU"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/1.3.213","article-title":"Phlebotomus sand flies of the Paloich Area in the Sudan (Diptera, Psychodidae)","volume":"3","author":"Quate","year":"1964","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2011.03.002","article-title":"Frontiers in climate change-disease research","volume":"26","author":"Rohr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3376\/1081-1710(2007)32[269:DAASOP]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Distribution and altitudinal structuring of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in southern Anatolia, Turkey: their relation to human cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"32","author":"Simsek","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Vector Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1999.00368.x","article-title":"Towards a kala azar risk map for Sudan: mapping the potential distribution of Phlebotomus orientalis using digital data of environmental variables","volume":"4","author":"Thomson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2013.88","article-title":"Identification of environmental parameters and risk mapping of visceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia by using geographical information systems and a statistical approach","volume":"7","author":"Tsegaw","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geospat. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0220","series-title":"Control of the Leishmaniasis: Report of a Meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on the Control of Leishmaniases","author":"WHO","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1972.11686847","article-title":"Studies on leishmaniasis in Ethiopia VI: Incidence rates of cutaneous leishmaniasis at Meta Abo","volume":"66","author":"Wilkins","year":"1972","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-014-0470-1","article-title":"Risk factors of visceral leishmaniasis: a case control study in north-western Ethiopia","volume":"7","author":"Yared","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasite Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.10.011","article-title":"Habitat preference and seasonal dynamics of Phlebotomus orientalis in urban and semi-urban areas of kala-azar endemic district of Kafta Humera, northwest Ethiopia","volume":"166","author":"Yared","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Trop."}],"container-title":["Acta Tropica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001706X17303728?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001706X17303728?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T09:43:04Z","timestamp":1692870184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001706X17303728"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S0001706X17303728"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-706X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-706X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Diversity and altitudinal distribution of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in visceral leishmaniasis endemic areas of northwest Ethiopia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Acta Tropica","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}