{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T20:44:27Z","timestamp":1761597867174},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Tropica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]],"date-time":"2017-10-17T02:32:16Z","timestamp":1508207536000},"page":"19-26","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Modeling and comparative study of the spread of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis from Northern to Central Tunisia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"Belhassen","family":"Kaabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elyes","family":"Zhioua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0005","first-page":"289","article-title":"Les phl\u00e9botomes de la r\u00e9gion \u00e9thiopienne (Diptera, Psychodidae)","volume":"55","author":"Abonnenc","year":"1972","journal-title":"M\u00e9m. ORSTOM"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218339011003841","article-title":"A Model of the Transmission dynamics of leishmaniasis","volume":"19","author":"Agyingi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0015","first-page":"97","article-title":"Chronique du kala azar","volume":"27","author":"Anderson","year":"1938","journal-title":"Arch. Inst. Pasteur Tunis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0020","first-page":"77","article-title":"Leishmania infantum MON-1: seul zymod\u00efme isol\u00e8 chez les chiens leishmaniens en Tunisie","volume":"96","author":"Aoun","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3185\/pathexo3201","article-title":"Epidemiologie de Leishmania (L.) infantum, L. major, et L. killicki en Tunisie: r\u00e9sultats et analyse de l\u2019identification de 226 isolats humains et canins et revue de la litt\u00e9rature","volume":"101","author":"Aoun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.5.1933-1938.2000","article-title":"Detection and identification of Leishmania DNA with naturally infected sand flies by seminested PCR on minicircle kinetoplastic DNA","volume":"66","author":"Aransay","year":"2000","journal-title":"App. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0035","first-page":"269","article-title":"Extension de l\u2019aire de transmission du Kala Azar \u00e0 Leishmania infantum (Nicolle 1908) vers le centre et le sud de la Tunisie","volume":"68","author":"Ayadi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch. Inst. Pasteur Tunis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.59.722","article-title":"Emergence of visceral leishmaniasis in central Israel","volume":"59","author":"Baneth","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s13149-012-0261-x","article-title":"Effet du d\u00e9veloppement des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019irrigation dans les zones arides sur l\u2019\u00e9tablissement de Phlebotomus (Larroussius) perfiliewi Parrot, 1939","volume":"105","author":"Barhoumi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.10.008","article-title":"Irrigation in the arid regions of Tunisia impacts the abundance and apparent density of sand fly vectors of Leishmania infantum","volume":"141","author":"Barhoumi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13030329","article-title":"Changes of sand fly populations and Leishmania infantum infection rates in an irrigated village located in arid Central Tunisia","volume":"13","author":"Barhoumi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inter. J. Envir. Res. Pub. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/23.6.600","article-title":"Sand flies (Dipetra: Psychodidae) associated with visceral leishmaniasis in El agamy, Alexandria governorate, Egypt","volume":"23","author":"Beier","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90332-9","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in Tunisia: result of the isoenzymatic characterization of 65 Leishmania infantum strains","volume":"96","author":"Belhadj","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(87)90018-6","article-title":"Isolation of Leishmania major from Phlebotomus papatasi in Tunisia","volume":"81","author":"Ben Ismail","year":"1987","journal-title":"Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0075","first-page":"186","article-title":"Identificazione biochemical di isolati Leishmania dell Tunisia","volume":"28","author":"Ben Ismail","year":"1987","journal-title":"Parassitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0080","first-page":"91","article-title":"Incrimination de Phlebotomus perniciosus comme vecteur de Leishmania infantum","volume":"70","author":"Ben Ismail","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch. Inst. Pasteur Tunis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0085","first-page":"29","article-title":"Etat actuel des leishmanioses en Tunisie","volume":"63","author":"Ben Rachid","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann. Soc. Belg. M\u00e9d. Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0090","first-page":"159","article-title":"La leishmaniose canine dans la r\u00e9gion d\u2019Enfidha (Tunisie Centrale)","volume":"85","author":"Ben Said","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0095","first-page":"431","article-title":"D\u00e9veloppement d\u2019un mod\u00e8le math\u00e9matique de la dynamique de transmission de la leishmaniose canine","volume":"71","author":"Ben Salah","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch. Inst. Pasteur Tunis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(00)90112-3","article-title":"Investigation of the spread of human visceral leishmaniasis in Central Tunisia","volume":"94","author":"Ben Salah","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-012-2858-1","article-title":"First detection of Leishmania infantum DNA in Phlebotomus longicuspis Nitulescu, 1930 from visceral leishmaniasis endemic focus in Algeria","volume":"111","author":"Berdjane-Brouk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-077X(05)80704-8","article-title":"Leishmanioses visc\u00e9rales infantiles du centre tunisien, (221 cas)","volume":"24","author":"Besbes","year":"1994","journal-title":"M\u00e9d. Mal. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1902.121463","article-title":"Isolation of Toscana virus from sand flies, Tunisia","volume":"19","author":"Bichaud","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-077X(98)80129-7","article-title":"Donn\u00e9es \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiques sur la leishmaniose visc\u00e9rale infantile en Tunisie en 1993","volume":"28","author":"Bouratbine","year":"1998","journal-title":"M\u00e9d. Mal. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0125","first-page":"359","article-title":"Donn\u00e9es \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiques, cliniques et parasitologiques sur la leishmaniose g\u00e9n\u00e9rale canine en Tunisie","volume":"98","author":"Bouratbine","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2008.03.011","article-title":"Morphological and isoenzymatic differentitation of Phlebotomus pernicious and Phlebotomus longicuspis (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Southern Morocco","volume":"106","author":"Boussaa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0135","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chronique des leishmanioses en Tunisie","volume":"45","author":"Chadli","year":"1968","journal-title":"Arch. Inst. Pasteur Tunis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/33.2.269","article-title":"Water wells as habitat of sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in Greece","volume":"33","author":"Chaniotis","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2007143247","article-title":"Increase of canine leishmaniasis in a previously low-endemicity area in Tunisia","volume":"14","author":"Chargui","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1948-7134.2013.12000.x","article-title":"Transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in a previously non-endemic region of Tunisia: detection of Leishmmania DNA in Phlebotomus perniciosus","volume":"38","author":"Chargui","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Vect. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/44.2.385","article-title":"Phenology of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) relative to the seasonal prevalence of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Central Tunisia","volume":"44","author":"Chelbi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2355","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002355","article-title":"Culling dogs in scenarios of imperfect control: realistic impact on the prevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"7","author":"Costa","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Neg. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182002002238","article-title":"Low infectiousness of a wildlife host of Leishmania infantum: the crab-eating fox is not important for transmission","volume":"125","author":"Courtenay","year":"2002","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1978536711","article-title":"Les phl\u00e9botomes de la Tunisie (Diptera, Phlebotominae). Mise au point syst\u00e9matique, chorologique et \u00e9thologique","volume":"53","author":"Croset","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp."},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90074-X","article-title":"A nested polymerase chain reaction (LnPCR) for diagnosing and monitoring Leishmania infantum infection in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"96","author":"Cruz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop Med. Myg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0180","first-page":"2011","article-title":"Direction nationale de soin de sant\u00e9 de base. ministry of health of Tunisia","author":"DSSB","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bull. Epid\u00e9miol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0185","first-page":"2012","article-title":"Direction nationale de soin de sant\u00e9 de Base.Ministry of health of Tunisia","author":"DSSB","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bull. Epid\u00e9miol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0190","first-page":"225","article-title":"Bioecologic aspects of Phlebotomine sandflies in relation to human and canine visceral leishmaniasis in northern Tunisia","volume":"59","author":"Dancesco","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch. Inst. Pasteur Tunis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0195","first-page":"65","article-title":"Les phl\u00e9botomes captur\u00e9s dans des foyers de leishmaniose canine \u00e0 Tunis: r\u00f4le probable de Phlebotomus perniciosus et Phlebotomus perfiliewi dans la transmission","volume":"52","author":"Dancesco","year":"1970","journal-title":"Arch. Inst. Pasteur Tunis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1973485653","article-title":"La leishmaniose canine en Tunisie; fr\u00e9quences actuelles de l\u2019enzootie d\u2019apr\u00e8s une enqu\u00eate s\u00e9ro-immunologique","volume":"48","author":"Dedet","year":"1973","journal-title":"Ann. Parasit. Hum. Comp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0205","unstructured":"Deureure, J., Velez, I.D., Partlong, F., 1986. La leishmaniose visc\u00e9rale autochtone au Maroc m\u00e9ridional. Pr\u00e9sence de Leishmania infantum MON-1 chez le chien en zone pr\u00e9saharienne. In: Leishmania. Taxonomie et Phylogen\u00e8se. Applications \u00e9co-\u00e9pid\u00e9miologiques International Colloquium CNRS\/INSERM, July 1984, pp. 421\u2013425. IMEEE, Montpellier, France."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0210","first-page":"55","article-title":"Dogs Leishmania infantum infection from endemic region of the North of Tunisia: a prospective study","volume":"85","author":"Diwani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Inst. Pasteur Tunis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/29.5.891","article-title":"Leishmania infantum MON-98 isolated from naturally infected Phlebotomus langeroni (Diptera: Psychodidae) in El Agamy, Egypt","volume":"29","author":"Doha","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000073662","article-title":"Epidemiology of canine leishmaniais \u2212 prevalence, incidence and basic reproduction number calculated from a cross-sectional serological survey on the Island of Gozo, Malta","volume":"105","author":"Dye","year":"1992","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1996.55.125","article-title":"The logic of visceral leishmaniasis control","volume":"55","author":"Dye","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2006131023","article-title":"Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) of human leishmaniosis sites in Tunisia","volume":"13","author":"Ghrab","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0269-283X.2004.00548.x","article-title":"Distribution of phlebotomine sandflies of the subgenus Larroussius, in Morocco","volume":"19","author":"Guarnaoui","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2006.07.007","article-title":"Natural infection of phlebotomus (Larrousius) langeroni (Diptera; Psychodidae) with leishmania infantum in Tunisia","volume":"101","author":"Guerbouj","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-183","article-title":"Serological and molecular survey of Leishmania parasites in apparently healthy dogs in the West Bank, Palestine","volume":"5","author":"Hamarsheh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasit. Vect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0250","first-page":"61","article-title":"Leishmaniasis: the current status and new strategies for control","volume":"166","author":"Hart","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nato Asi Series"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000073674","article-title":"Mathematical modeling and theory for estimating the basic reproduction number of canine leishmaniasis","volume":"105","author":"Hasibeder","year":"1992","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(93)90011-E","article-title":"Phlebotomus (Larroussius) perfiliewi naturally infected with dermotropic Leishmania infantum at Tenes; Algeria","volume":"87","author":"Izri","year":"1993","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1990653151","article-title":"Leishmania infantum MON1 isol\u00e9 de phlebotomus perniciosus en kabylie (Alg\u00e9rie)","volume":"65","author":"Izri","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(86)90171-9","article-title":"Preliminary serological study on canine leishmaniasis in the Alpes-Maritimes Department, France","volume":"80","author":"Jambou","year":"1986","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2013.10.003","article-title":"Assessing the effect of zooprophylaxis on zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission: a system dynamics approach","volume":"114","author":"Kaabi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biosystems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0280","series-title":"Enqu\u00eate \u00e9co-\u00e9pid\u00e9miologique sur le kala azar dans le gouvernorat de Sidi Bouzid. Etude d\u2019un r\u00e9servoir canin. M. D. Thesis","author":"Keddous","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1983586611","article-title":"Sur la diff\u00e9rentiation des femelles du sous-genre Larroussius Nitzulescu, 1931 (Diptera: Phlebotominae) de la r\u00e9gion m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne","volume":"58","author":"L\u00e9ger","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.1.210-215.2002","article-title":"Comparison of six PCR methods using peripheral blood for detection of canine leishmaniasis","volume":"40","author":"Lachaud","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1979543277","article-title":"Ecology of leishmaniasis in the south of France. 10. Developmental stages and clinical characterization of canine leishmaniasis in relation to epidemiology","volume":"54","author":"Lanotte","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762006000100007","article-title":"Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis through spatial analysis, in Belo Horizonte municipality, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil","volume":"101","author":"Margonari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(87)90420-2","article-title":"Natural infection of sandfly Phlebotomus perfiliewi with Leishmania infantum in a cutaneous leishmaniasis focus of the Abruzzi region, Italy","volume":"8","author":"Maroli","year":"1987","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(94)90079-5","article-title":"Natural infection of Phlebotomus perniciosus with an enzymatic variant of Leishmania infantum in the Campania region of Italy","volume":"57","author":"Maroli","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.01998.x","article-title":"The northward spread of leishmaniasis in Italy: evidence from retrospective and ongoing studies on the canine reservoir and phlebotomine vectors","volume":"13","author":"Maroli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Inter. Heal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.03.004","article-title":"Infectivity of seropostive dogs, showing different clinical forms of leishmaniasis, to Lutzomyia longipalpis phlebotomine sand flies","volume":"147","author":"Michalsky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(94)90446-4","article-title":"Infectivity of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum to colonized Phlebotomus perniciosus","volume":"88","author":"Molina","year":"1994","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327604jaws0704_1","article-title":"Kass PH. Birth and death rate estimates of cats and dogs in U.S. households and related factors","volume":"7","author":"New","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Appl. Anim. Welf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0335","first-page":"99","article-title":"Origine canine du kala azar","volume":"3","author":"Nicolle","year":"1908","journal-title":"Arch. Inst. Pasteur Tunis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2001000500023","article-title":"Spatial distribution of human and canine visceral leishmaniasis in belo horizonte, minas gerais state, brasil, 1994\u20131997","volume":"17","author":"Oliveira","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cad. Saude Publica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0269-283x.2004.0471.x","article-title":"Sandflies of the Phlebotomus perniciosus complex: mitochondrial introgression and a new sibling species of Phlebotomus longicuspis in the Moroccan Rif","volume":"18","author":"Pesson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.1.229-235.1994","article-title":"Cellular and humoral immune responses in dogs experimentally and naturally infected with Leishmania infantum","volume":"62","author":"Pinelli","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2008.07.014","article-title":"Canine visceral leishmaniasis in urban and rural areas of Northeast Brazil","volume":"86","author":"Queiroz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009991156","article-title":"Transmission, reservoir hosts and control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"136","author":"Quinnell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2003.09.006","article-title":"Are insecticide-impregnated dog collars a feasible alternative to dog culling as a strategy for controlling canine visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil?","volume":"34","author":"Reithinger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Inter. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0370","first-page":"6","article-title":"Estimating the optimal control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis by the use of a mathematical model","author":"Ribas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3406\/ecmed.1997.1840","article-title":"L\u2019\u00e9valuation \u00e9co\u00e9pid\u00e9miologique du \u00abrisque leishmanien \u00bb au Sahara atlantique marocain. Int\u00e9r\u00eat heuristique de la relation \u00abphl\u00e9botomes \u2013 bioclimats\u00bb","volume":"23","author":"Rioux","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ecol. Mediter."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2007.10.005","article-title":"Seasonal phenology, host-blood feeding preferences and natural infection of Phlebotomus perniciosus (Diptera, Psychodidae) in a high-endemic focus of canine leishmaniasis in Rome province, Italy","volume":"105","author":"Rossi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0385","first-page":"195","article-title":"Chronique des leishmanioses en Tunisie. arch","volume":"33","author":"Vermeil","year":"1956","journal-title":"Inst. Pasteur Tunis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268806006881","article-title":"Multilevel modeling of the incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in Teresina, Brazil","volume":"135","author":"Werneck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00285-016-0999-z","article-title":"Zoonotic visceral transmission: modeling, backward bifurgation, and optimal control","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Math. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.3376\/1081-1710(2007)32[371:EIFTSO]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Entomological investigations following the spread of visceral leishmaniasis in Tunisia","volume":"32","author":"Zhioua","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Vect. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.06.012","article-title":"Interaction between canine and human visceral leishmaniases in a holoendemic focus of Central Tunisia","volume":"139","author":"Zoghlami","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2006.11.006","article-title":"Canine visceral leishmaniasis: relationship between clinical status, humoral immune response, haematology and Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis infectivity","volume":"174","author":"da Costa-Val","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(92)90208-2","article-title":"Sequence analysis of small subunit ribosomal RNA genes and its use for detection and identification of Leishmania parasites","volume":"51","author":"van Eys","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."}],"container-title":["Acta Tropica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001706X1730709X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001706X1730709X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T00:55:27Z","timestamp":1603155327000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001706X1730709X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["S0001706X1730709X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-706X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-706X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Modeling and comparative study of the spread of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis from Northern to Central Tunisia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Acta Tropica","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}