{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T10:06:09Z","timestamp":1783850769486,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n","award":["S1-2001000674"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S1-2001000674"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Tropica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,25]],"date-time":"2017-10-25T05:16:43Z","timestamp":1508908603000},"page":"1-9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Scorpion envenoming in Morona Santiago, Amazonian Ecuador: Molecular phylogenetics confirms involvement of the Tityus obscurus group"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"Juan P.","family":"Rom\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doris","family":"Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manolo","family":"V\u00e1squez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew R.","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Romero-Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro P. de Oliveira","family":"Pardal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edna A.Y.","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adolfo","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2015.04.005","article-title":"Predictive factors for determining the clinical severity of pediatric scorpion envenomation cases in Southeastern Turkey","volume":"26","author":"\u00c7a\u011flar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wild. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-13-362","article-title":"Profiling the resting venom gland of the scorpion Tityus stigmurus through a transcriptomic survey","volume":"13","author":"Almeida","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Genom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0015","series-title":"Critical Care Toxicology: Diagnosis and Management of the Critically Poisoned Patient","first-page":"1213","article-title":"Scorpions","author":"Amitai","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2013.05.025","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical study on scorpionism in French Guiana","volume":"73","author":"Benmosbah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0025","series-title":"Venom Genomics and Proteomics","first-page":"81","article-title":"Phylogenetics of scorpions of medical importance","author":"Borges","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.1107.1.2","article-title":"Description of a new Tityus species (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Sierra de Portuguesa, western Venezuela, based on morphological and mitochondrial DNA evidence","volume":"1107","author":"Borges","year":"2006","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2009.09.011","article-title":"Molecular systematics of the neotropical scorpion genus Tityus (Buthidae): the historical biogeography and venom antigenic diversity of toxic Venezuelan species","volume":"55","author":"Borges","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.08.019","article-title":"Scorpionism in Ecuador: first report of severe and fatal envenomings in northern Manab\u00ed by Tityus asthenes Pocock","volume":"105","author":"Borges","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650600584501","article-title":"Factors associated with pulmonary edema in severe scorpion sting patients \u2013 a multivariate analysis of 428 cases","volume":"44","author":"Bouaziz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s40409-015-0023-x","article-title":"A checklist of the scorpions of Ecuador (Arachnida: Scorpiones) with notes on the geographical distribution and medical significance of some species","volume":"21","author":"Brito","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Venom. Animals Tox. Inc. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.06.022","article-title":"Clinical consequences of Tityus bahiensis and Tityus serrulatus scorpion stings in the region of Campinas, southeastern Brazil","volume":"89","author":"Bucaretchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0060","first-page":"215","article-title":"Envenimations et Empoisonnements par les Animaux Venimeux ou V\u00e9n\u00e9neux VII: L\u2019Arachnidisme du Nouveau Monde","volume":"68","author":"Chippaux","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2008.05.021","article-title":"Epidemiology of scorpionism: a global appraisal","volume":"107","author":"Chippaux","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0070","first-page":"57","article-title":"Tityus tenuicauda Prendini, 2001 (Scorpiones, Buthidae) en Venezuela. Notas taxon\u00f3micas con sinonimia, distribuci\u00f3n e historia natural","volume":"25","author":"Cornejo-Escobar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Saber (Universidad de Oriente)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0377-2015","article-title":"A profile of scorpionism, including the species of scorpions involved, in the State of Amazonas, Brazil","volume":"49","author":"Costa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.12.013","article-title":"The transcriptome recipe for the venom cocktail of Tityus bahiensis scorpion","volume":"95","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0085","first-page":"7","article-title":"Accidente cerebro-vascular isqu\u00e9mico por emponzo\u00f1amiento escorpi\u00f3nico: observaci\u00f3n cl\u00ednica","volume":"7","author":"De Sousa","year":"1995","journal-title":"Saber (Universidad de Oriente)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh340","article-title":"MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput","volume":"32","author":"Edgar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nucl. Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0095","series-title":"Catalog of the Scorpions of the World (1758\u20131998)","first-page":"54","article-title":"Buthidae","author":"Fet","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.v30i1.160","article-title":"Picaduras por escorpi\u00f3n Tityus asthenes en Mutat\u00e1, Colombia: aspectos epidemiol\u00f3gicos, cl\u00ednicos y toxinol\u00f3gicos","volume":"30","author":"G\u00f3mez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biom\u00e9dica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0105","first-page":"59","article-title":"First DNA phylogeny of the genus Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones, Euscorpiidae) and its bearing on the taxonomy and biogeography of this genus","volume":"75","author":"Gantenbein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biogeographica (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003701","article-title":"Snakebites and scorpion stings in the Brazilian Amazon: identifying research priorities for a largely neglected problem","volume":"9","author":"Hui Wen","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0115","first-page":"603","article-title":"Cardiovascular dysfunction and pulmonary edema secondary to severe envenoming by Tityus pachyurus sting","volume":"60","author":"Izquierdo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Case report. Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0120","article-title":"The impact of modelling rate heterogeneity among sites on phylogenetic estimates of intraspecific evolutionary rates and timescales","volume":"9","author":"Jia","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.03.007","article-title":"Classification of clinical consequences of scorpion stings: consensus development","volume":"105","author":"Khattabi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0130","first-page":"1","article-title":"Tityus carolineae sp. n. from Suriname and Guyana (Scorpiones: Buthidae)","volume":"178","author":"Kova\u0159\u00edk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Euscorpius"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msw054","article-title":"MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets","volume":"33","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0140","first-page":"1","article-title":"The true identity of Scorpio (Atreus) obscurus Gervais, 1843 (Scorpiones, Buthidae)","volume":"75","author":"Louren\u00e7o","year":"2008","journal-title":"Euscorpius"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3897\/zookeys.307.5334","article-title":"The remarkable scorpion diversity in the Ecuadorian Andes and description of a new species of Tityus C.L. Koch, 1836 (Scorpiones, Buthidae)","volume":"307","author":"Louren\u00e7o","year":"2013","journal-title":"ZooKeys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.part.80459","article-title":"Les Scorpions (Chelicerata, Scorpiones) de l\u00b4Equateur avec quelques consid\u00e9rations sur le biog\u00e9ographie et la diversi\u00e9 des esp\u00e9ces","volume":"102","author":"Louren\u00e7o","year":"1995","journal-title":"Rev. Suisse Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1080\/002229300299561","article-title":"Synopsis of the Colombian species of Tityus Koch (Chelicerata, Scorpiones, Buthidae), with descriptions of three new species","volume":"34","author":"Louren\u00e7o","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Nat. Hist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0160","series-title":"Amazonian Arachnida and Myriapoda","first-page":"399","article-title":"Scorpiones","author":"Louren\u00e7o","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0165","series-title":"Scorpions of Brazil","author":"Louren\u00e7o","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0170","first-page":"55","article-title":"Nouvelle proposition de d\u00e9coupage sous-g\u00e9n\u00e9rique du genre Tityus C.L. Koch, 1836 (Scorpiones, Buthidae)","volume":"39","author":"Louren\u00e7o","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bol. Soc. Entomol. Arag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0175","first-page":"287","article-title":"The distribution of noxious species of scorpions in Brazilian Amazonia: the genus Tityus C.L. Koch, 1836, subgenus Atreus Gervais, (Scorpiones, Buthidae)","volume":"15","author":"Louren\u00e7o","year":"2011","journal-title":"Entomol. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Hamburg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0180","unstructured":"Ministerio de Salud P\u00fablica de Ecuador, 2016. Direcci\u00f3n Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiol\u00f3gica. Picadura por Escorpi\u00f3n en Ecuador. Weeks 01\u201341."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monteiro, W.M., Oliveira, S.S.d., Pivoto, G., Alves, E.C., Sachett, J.d.A.G., Alexandre, C.N., F\u00e9, N.F., Guerra, M.d.G.V.B., Mendon\u00e7a da Silva, I., Tavares, A.M., Ferreira, L.C.d.L., Guimar\u00e3es, M.V., Lacerda, M.V., 2016. Scorpion envenoming caused by Tityus cf. silvestris evolving with severe muscle spasms in the Brazilian Amazon. Toxicon 119, 266\u2013269.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2016.06.015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(94)90387-5","article-title":"Scorpion envenoming and the role of insulin","volume":"32","author":"Murthy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2017.02.018","article-title":"Dated phylogenetic studies of the southernmost American buthids (Scorpiones; Buthidae)","volume":"110","author":"Ojanguren-Affilastro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2016.09.018","article-title":"Serum level of scorpion toxins, electrolytes and electrocardiogram alterations in Mexican children envenomed by scorpion sting","volume":"122","author":"Osnaya-Romero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.5123\/S2176-62232014000300008","article-title":"Envenenamento grave pelo escorpi\u00e3o Tityus obscurus Gervais, 1843","volume":"5","author":"Pardal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Pan-Amaz\u00f4nica Sa\u00fade"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1678-9199-20-3","article-title":"Clinical aspects of envenomation caused by Tityus obscurus (Gervais, 1843) in two distinct regions of Para state, Brazilian Amazon basin: a prospective case series","volume":"20","author":"Pardal","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Venom. Animals Tox. Inc. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.016217","article-title":"Molecular basis of hypokalemia-induced ventricular fibrillation","volume":"132","author":"Pezhouman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0220","series-title":"Scorpion Venoms","first-page":"299","article-title":"Scorpionism and dangerous species of Brazil","author":"Pucca","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128819","article-title":"Severity of scorpion stings in the Western Brazilian Amazon: a surveillance-based study","volume":"10","author":"Queiroz","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0230","unstructured":"Rambaut, A., Suchard, M.A., Xie, D., Drummond, A.J., 2014. Tracer v1.6, Available at: http:\/\/beast.bio.ed.ac.uk\/Tracer."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/sys029","article-title":"MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space","volume":"61","author":"Ronquist","year":"2012","journal-title":"Syst. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/87.6.651","article-title":"Evolution, weighting, and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial gene sequences and a compilation of conserved polymerase chain reaction primers","volume":"87","author":"Simon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann. Entom. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0245","first-page":"121","article-title":"A key to the genera of Buthidae (Scorpionida)","volume":"83","author":"Stahnke","year":"1972","journal-title":"Entomol. News"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.12.012","article-title":"Acute cerebellar dysfunction with neuromuscular manifestations after scorpionism presumably caused by Tityus obscurus in Santarem, Par\u00e1\/Brazil","volume":"96","author":"Torrez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicon"}],"container-title":["Acta Tropica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001706X1730880X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001706X1730880X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]],"date-time":"2019-11-28T10:39:33Z","timestamp":1574937573000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001706X1730880X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S0001706X1730880X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-706X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-706X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Scorpion envenoming in Morona Santiago, Amazonian Ecuador: Molecular phylogenetics confirms involvement of the Tityus obscurus group","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Acta Tropica","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}