{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T01:43:47Z","timestamp":1793497427077,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81471973"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81471973"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Tropica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]],"date-time":"2018-04-25T14:41:01Z","timestamp":1524667261000},"page":"52-62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Current treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients: a network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Yanxia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangli","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.02.015","article-title":"Ocular involvement following postnatally acquired Toxoplasma gondii infection in Southern Brazil: a 28-Year experience","volume":"159","author":"Arantes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-012-9634-1","article-title":"Intravitreal clindamycin plus dexamethasone versus classic oral therapy in toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis: a prospective randomized clinical trial","volume":"33","author":"Baharivand","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.882735","article-title":"Azithromycin versus Sulfadiazine and Pyrimethamine for non-vision-threatening toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis: a pilot study","volume":"18","author":"Balaskas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2013.04.015","article-title":"Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in management of ocular toxoplasmosis in an HIV patient: a case report","volume":"48","author":"Bawdekar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004892","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004892","article-title":"The impact of short-term, intensive antifolate treatment (with pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine) and antibiotics followed by long-term, secondary antifolate prophylaxis on the rate of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis recurrence","volume":"10","author":"Borkowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01537-4","article-title":"A prospective, randomized trial of pyrimethamine and azithromycin vs pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine for the treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis","volume":"134","author":"Bosch-Driessen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2012.02838.x","article-title":"Ocular toxoplasmosis II: clinical features, pathology and management","volume":"41","author":"Butler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2011.608915","article-title":"Therapy for ocular toxoplasmosis","volume":"19","author":"De-la-Torre","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0045","first-page":"483","article-title":"Synergistic effect of sulfadiazine and daraprim against experimental toxoplasmosis in the mouse","volume":"3","author":"Eyles","year":"1953","journal-title":"Antibiot. Chemother. (Northfield)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1960.9.277","article-title":"The effect of metabolites on the antitoxoplasmic action of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine","volume":"9","author":"Eyles","year":"1960","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.12.022","article-title":"Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole versus placebo to reduce the risk of recurrences of Toxoplasma gondii retinochoroiditis: randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"157","author":"Fernandes Felix","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.08.003","article-title":"Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole versus placebo in reducing the risk of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis recurrences: a three-year follow-up","volume":"170","author":"Fernandes Felix","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268813000526","article-title":"Risk factors for ocular toxoplasmosis in Brazil","volume":"142","author":"Ferreira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e90203","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090203","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis-a global threat. Correlation of latent toxoplasmosis with specific disease burden in a set of 88 countries","volume":"9","author":"Flegr","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0075","first-page":"80","article-title":"Comparison of azithromycin and pyrimethamine\/sulfadiazine treatment in ocular toxoplasmosis in North West of Iran","volume":"4","author":"Ghavidel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crescent J. Med. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.84.2.224","article-title":"Is ocular toxoplasmosis caused by prenatal or postnatal infection","volume":"84","author":"Gilbert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)73976-5","article-title":"An unusually high prevalence of ocular toxoplasmosis in southern Brazil","volume":"114","author":"Glasner","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjpain.2017.03.006","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of diclofenac in osteoarthritis: results of a network meta-analysis of unpublished legacy studies","volume":"16","author":"Guyot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand. J. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01526-X","article-title":"An update on current practices in the management of ocular toxoplasmosis","volume":"134","author":"Holland","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2003.09.040","article-title":"Ocular toxoplasmosis: a global reassessment. Part I: epidemiology and course of disease","volume":"136","author":"Holland","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2011.04.002","article-title":"Interpreting indirect treatment comparisons and network meta-analysis for health-care decision making: report of the ISPOR Task Force on Indirect Treatment Comparisons Good Research Practices: part 1","volume":"14","author":"Jansen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2014.01.004","article-title":"Indirect treatment comparison\/network meta-analysis study questionnaire to assess relevance and credibility to inform health care decision making: an ISPOR-AMCP-NPC Good Practice Task Force report","volume":"17","author":"Jansen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0115","first-page":"CD007417","article-title":"Corticosteroids as adjuvant therapy for ocular toxoplasmosis","author":"Jasper","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0120","volume":"vol. 2018","author":"Kanters","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0125","first-page":"803","article-title":"Indirect comparisons and network meta-analyses","volume":"112","author":"Kiefer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dtsch. Arztebl. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joco.2016.10.002","article-title":"A prospective randomized trial of azithromycin versus trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole in treatment of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis","volume":"29","author":"Lashay","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Curr. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0135","first-page":"80","article-title":"Comparison of azithromycin and pyrimethamine\/sulfadiazine treatment in ocular toxoplasmosis in North West of Iran","volume":"4","author":"Leila Alizadeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crescent J. Med. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3105","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1875","article-title":"Combination of direct and indirect evidence in mixed treatment comparisons","volume":"23","author":"Lu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2013.12.005","article-title":"Ocular toxoplasmosis past, present and new aspects of an old disease","volume":"39","author":"Maenz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2014-205846","article-title":"Ocular toxoplasmosis: a very rare presentation in an immunocompetent patient","volume":"2014","author":"Matias","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"151","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16412-X","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis","volume":"363","author":"Montoya","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000449169","article-title":"Recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis","volume":"57","author":"Ozgonul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0170","first-page":"D002218","article-title":"Antibiotics versus no treatment for toxoplasma retinochoroiditis","author":"Pradhan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.84.10.1203h","article-title":"Acute retinal necrosis presenting with scleritis and raised intraocular pressure","volume":"84","author":"Ramsay","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02306491","article-title":"Therapy of ocular toxoplasmosis","volume":"13","author":"Rothova","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)74456-3","article-title":"Therapy for ocular toxoplasmosis","volume":"115","author":"Rothova","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.03.016","article-title":"Graphical methods and numerical summaries for presenting results from multiple-treatment meta-analysis: an overview and tutorial","volume":"64","author":"Salanti","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e99682","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099682","article-title":"Evaluating the quality of evidence from a network meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Salanti","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01527-1","article-title":"The effect of long-term intermittent trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole treatment on recurrences of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis","volume":"134","author":"Silveira","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2014.964422","article-title":"The effect of long-term intermittent trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole treatment on recurrences of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis: 10 years of follow-up","volume":"23","author":"Silveira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.05.025","article-title":"Prospective randomized trial of trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole versus pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine in the treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis","volume":"112","author":"Soheilian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.04.020","article-title":"Randomized trial of intravitreal clindamycin and dexamethasone versus pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, and prednisolone in treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis","volume":"118","author":"Soheilian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.18549\/PharmPract.2017.01.943","article-title":"Network meta-analysis: a technique to gather evidence from direct and indirect comparisons","volume":"15","author":"Tonin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharm. Pract. (Granada)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-016-0311-7","article-title":"Activation of toxoplasma retinochoroiditis during pregnancy and evaluation of ocular findings in newborns","volume":"37","author":"Turkcu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.20150056","article-title":"Local treatment of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis with intravitreal clindamycin and dexamethasone","volume":"78","author":"Zamora","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arq. Bras. Oftalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0235","article-title":"Vision and relevant risk factor interventions for preventing falls among older people: a network meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep.-UK"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2396","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2014.197","article-title":"Efficacy and toxicity of external-beam radiation therapy for localised prostate cancer: a network meta-analysis","volume":"110","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026_bib0245","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ocular toxoplasmosis","volume":"5","author":"Zierhut","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Uveitis Inf. Group"}],"container-title":["Acta Tropica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001706X17315267?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001706X17315267?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T09:20:54Z","timestamp":1762075254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001706X17315267"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0001706X17315267"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-706X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-706X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Current treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients: a network meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Acta Tropica","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.04.026","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}