{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:36:48Z","timestamp":1791362208924,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]],"date-time":"2020-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":297,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (<GS2>CAPES","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006162","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006162","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Tropica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,17]],"date-time":"2018-12-17T02:15:39Z","timestamp":1545012939000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Usnic acid potassium salt from Cladonia substellata (Lichen): Synthesis, cytotoxicity and in vitro anthelmintic activity and ultrastructural analysis against adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Hallysson D.A.","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 L.","family":"Aires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline L.R.","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tha\u00edse G.S.","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weber M.","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00f4nica C.B.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5971-0029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresinha G.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio A.","family":"Brayner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz C.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nic\u00e1cio H.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00f4nica C.P.A.","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2581-9218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vera L.M.","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2014.04.010","article-title":"Ultrastructural analysis of \u03b2-lapachone-induced surface membrane damage in male adult Schistosoma mansoni BH strain worms","volume":"142","author":"Aires","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.06.005","article-title":"Toxic effects of Microgramma vacciniifolia rhizome lectin on Artemia salina, human cells, and the schistosomiasis vector Biomphalaria glabrata","volume":"138","author":"Albuquerque","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2015.1007455","article-title":"Review of the biological properties and toxicity of usnic acid","volume":"29","author":"Ara\u00fajo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.11.007","article-title":"Toxicity of Usnic Acid fromm Cladonia substellata (Lichen) to embryos and adults of Biomphalaria glabrata","volume":"179","author":"Ara\u00fajo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.08.006","article-title":"Potassium usnate toxicity against embryonic stages of the snail Biomphalaria glabrata and Schistosoma mansoni cercariae","volume":"188","author":"Ara\u00fajo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2017.12.068","article-title":"Dataset on usnic acid from Cladonia substellata Vainio (Lichen) schistosomiasis mansoni's vector control and environmental toxicity","volume":"17","author":"Ara\u00fajo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Data Brief"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2018.10.119","article-title":"Dataset on schistosomiasis control using potassium usnate against Biomphalaria glabrata at different developmental stage and Schistosoma mansoni cercariae","volume":"21","author":"Ara\u00fajo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Data Brief"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.06.024","article-title":"Morbidity of mansoni schistosomiasis in Pernambuco-Brazil: analysis on the temporal evolution of deaths, hospital admissions and severe clinical forms (1999\u20132014)","volume":"164","author":"Barbosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-011-2786-5","article-title":"Ultrastructural analysis of miltefosine-induced surface membrane damage in adult Schistosoma mansoni BH strain worms","volume":"110","author":"Bert\u00e3o","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasit. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s101230100019","article-title":"Production of phenolics by immobilized cells of the lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea: the role of epiphytic bacteria","volume":"4","author":"Blanch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CS00431A","article-title":"Secondary metabolism in the lichen symbiosis","volume":"47","author":"Calcott","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19061802","article-title":"Structure-activity relationship of Piplartine and synthetic analogues against Schistosoma mansoni and cytotoxicity to mammalian cells","volume":"19","author":"Campelo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2014.06.002","article-title":"Schistosomiasis control: praziquantel forever?","volume":"195","author":"Cioli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2013.02.011","article-title":"Associating portal congestive gastropathy and hepatic fibrosis in hepatosplenic mansoni schistosomiasis","volume":"126","author":"Dias","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.09.006","article-title":"Two SmDLC antigens as potential vaccines against schistosomiasis","volume":"140","author":"Diniz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.09.018","article-title":"Spotlight on the in vitro effect of artemisinin-naphthoquine phosphate on Schistosoma mansoni and its snail host Biomphalaria alexandrina","volume":"141","author":"El-Beshbishi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.04.024","article-title":"School-based and community-based actions for scaling-up diagnosis and treatment of schistosomiasis toward its elimination in an endemic area of Brazil","volume":"149","author":"Favre","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e101964","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101964","article-title":"Human plasma lipid modulation in schistosomiasis mansoni depends on apolipoprotein E polymorphism","volume":"9","author":"Fonseca","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-0229(91)90142-W","article-title":"Kinetics and stability of an immobilized orsellinate depside hydrolase in polyacrylamide gel","volume":"13","author":"Garc\u00eda-Junceda","year":"1991","journal-title":"Enzyme Microb. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2017.05.008","article-title":"Novel strategies for the formulation and processing of poorly watersoluble drugs","volume":"126","author":"G\u00f6ke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2009.03.087","article-title":"The chemoenzymatic synthesis of usnic acid","volume":"19","author":"Hawranik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60188-8","article-title":"Ultrastructure of the tegument of Schistosoma","volume":"11","author":"Hockley","year":"1973","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2009.02.002","article-title":"Effect of (+)-usnic acid on mitochondrial functions as measured by mitochondria-specific oligonucleotide microarray in liver of B6C3F1 mice","volume":"9","author":"Joseph","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822000000300009","article-title":"Critical analysis of the estimated number of schistosomiasis mansoni carriers in Brazil","volume":"33","author":"Katz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2314","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002314","article-title":"Hemostatic dysfunction is increased in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni and advanced periportal fibrosis","volume":"7","author":"Leite","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135370","article-title":"Splenectomy improves hemostatic and liver functions in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni","volume":"10","author":"Leite","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.10.003","article-title":"The anthelmintic effect of plumbagin on Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"133","author":"Lorsuwannarat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-6902-6_4","article-title":"Neuropeptides in helminths: occurrence and distribution","volume":"692","author":"Marks","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111102","article-title":"Usnic acid potassium salt: an alternative for the control of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818)","volume":"9","author":"Martins","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0150","first-page":"1","article-title":"New biotechnological methods for producing therapeutic compounds (Usnic, Stictic and norstictic acids) by cell immobilization of the lichen Cladonia substellata vainio","volume":"13","author":"Martins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Ind. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2010.08.021","article-title":"Schistosoma mansoni: in vitro schistosomicidal activity of piplartine","volume":"127","author":"Moraes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0160","unstructured":"No\u00ebl, F. Sistema neuromuscular e controle da motilidade no verme adulto. In: Carvalho, OS., Coelho, PMZ., and Lenzi, HL., orgs. Schitosoma mansoni e esquistossomose: uma vis\u00e3o multidisciplinar. Rio de Janeiro: Editora FIOCRUZ, 2008, pp. 207-244. ISBN 978-85-7541-370-8."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0165","series-title":"Neglected Tropical Diseases: Latin America and the Caribbean.","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-1422-3_2","article-title":"Schistosomiasis in America","author":"Noya","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1017\/S0024282906005883","article-title":"UV-B induces usnic acid in reindeer lichens","volume":"38","author":"Nybakken","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lichenologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.06.005","article-title":"Schistosoma mansoni: in vitro schistosomicidal activity of essential oil of Baccharis trimera (less) DC","volume":"132","author":"Oliveira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2307\/3274166","article-title":"An efficient method for exposure of mice to cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"38","author":"Olivier","year":"1952","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.5586\/asbp.1995.024","article-title":"Bioproduction of usnic acid from acetate by kaolinite immobilized cells of Cladonia substellata Vain","volume":"64","author":"Pereira","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. Pol. Tow. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.01.012","article-title":"Genetic analysis of decreased praziquantel sensitivity in a laboratory strain of Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"111","author":"Pica-Mattoccia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00484.x","article-title":"Contact dermatitis from usnic acid in vaginal ovules","volume":"33","author":"Rafanelli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S1011-1344(02)00362-7","article-title":"Protection against UVB irradiation by natural filters extracted from lichens","volume":"68","author":"Rancan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0205","first-page":"220","article-title":"QSAR and mechanism of action for aquatic toxicity of cationic surfactants","volume":"22","author":"Roberts","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.03.041","article-title":"Assessment of toxicity of Moringa ole\u00edfera flower extract to Biomphalaria glabrata, Schistosoma mansoni and Artemia salina","volume":"132","author":"Rocha-Filho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"PI304","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1320991","article-title":"In vitro schistosomicidal activity of Usnea steineri extract and its major constituent (+)-usnic acid against Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"78","author":"Salloum","year":"2012","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182005008656","article-title":"Resistance as a tool for discovering and understanding targets in parasite neuromusculature","volume":"131","author":"Sangster","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"113","key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-013-3743-2","article-title":"A penta-substituted pyridine alkaloid from the rhizome of Jatropha elliptica (Pohl) Muell. Arg. Is active against Schistosoma mansoni and Biomphalaria glabrata","volume":"2014","author":"Santos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2018.01.016","article-title":"New 1,3-benzodioxole derivatives: synthesis, evaluation of in vitro schistosomicidal activity and ultrastructural analysis","volume":"283","author":"Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004246","article-title":"Schistosome feeding and regurgitation","volume":"10","author":"Skelly","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000086248","article-title":"The infection of laboratory hosts with cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni and the recovery of adult worms","volume":"55","author":"Smithers","year":"1965","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2015.03.004","article-title":"A quantitative proteomic analysis of the tegumental proteins from Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula reveals novel potential therapeutic targets","volume":"45","author":"Sotillo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027119","article-title":"Characterization of a truncated metabotropic glutamate receptor in a primitive metazoan, the parasitic flatworm Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"6","author":"Taman","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(96)00038-1","article-title":"Serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin and myeloperoxidase in infections with filariae and schistosomes","volume":"62","author":"Tischendorf","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.10.010","article-title":"Progress in research, control and elimination of helminth infections in Asia","volume":"141","author":"Utzinger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02582-16","article-title":"Praziquantel for Schistosomiasis: single-drug metabolism revisited, mode of action, and resistance","volume":"61","author":"Vale","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2012.09.010","article-title":"Praziquantel treatment of school children from single and mixed infection foci of intestinal and urogenital schistosomiasis along the Senegal River Basin: monitoring treatment success and re-infection patterns","volume":"128","author":"Webster","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14496","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules190914496","article-title":"Antioxidant activity and mechanisms of action of natural compounds isolated from Lichens: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"White","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0280","series-title":"Schistosomiasis. Fact Sheet Number 115","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0285","series-title":"Weekly Epidemiological Record. Schistosomiasis Number of People Treated Worldwide in 2013","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0290","series-title":"Weekly Epidemiological Record. Schistosomiasis Number of People Treated Worldwide in 2014","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0295","series-title":"Weekly Epidemiological Record. Schistosomiasis and Soil-transmitted Helminthiases: Number of People Treated in 2016","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0300","series-title":"Schistosomiasis","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2013.10.014","article-title":"Ultrastructural alterations in adult Schistosoma mansoni, harbored in non-antihelminthic treated and low-inflammatory mice by transmission electron microscopy (TEM)","volume":"130","author":"Xavier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63430-6.00007-2","article-title":"Lichens: chemistry and biological activities","volume":"43","author":"Yousuf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stud. Nat. Prod. Chem."}],"container-title":["Acta Tropica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001706X18310374?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001706X18310374?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T00:13:09Z","timestamp":1757549589000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001706X18310374"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":62,"alternative-id":["S0001706X18310374"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-706X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-706X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Usnic acid potassium salt from Cladonia substellata (Lichen): Synthesis, cytotoxicity and in vitro anthelmintic activity and ultrastructural analysis against adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Acta Tropica","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.024","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}