{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:38:32Z","timestamp":1771461512952,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PE00000007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE00000007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Tropica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T21:03:26Z","timestamp":1683839006000},"page":"106944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Ticks and tick-borne pathogens of domestic animals in Somalia and neighbouring regions of Ethiopia and Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"243","author":[{"given":"Kassim Abdullahi","family":"Jimale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Wall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Otranto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0001","first-page":"539","article-title":"Survey of ticks (Acari: ixodidae) infesting cattle in two districts of Somali Regional State, Ethiopia","volume":"3","author":"Abebe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. World."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0002","first-page":"273","article-title":"Preliminary assessment of goat piroplasmosis in Benadir Region, Somalia","volume":"3","author":"Ahmed","year":"2013","journal-title":"Open J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-020-01218-4","article-title":"Molecular detection of Ehrlichia ruminantium in engorged Ablyomma variegatum and cattle in Ogun State, Nigeria","volume":"44","author":"Anifowose","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Parasit. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1992.tb19627.x","article-title":"The role of Amblyomma variegatum in the transmission of heartwater with special reference to Guadeloupe","volume":"16","author":"Camus","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann. N Y Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01905","article-title":"Genomic study of Babesia bovis infection level and its association with tick count in Hereford and Braford cattle","volume":"11","author":"Cavani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-014-0458-y","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus detected from ticks of one humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) population in northeastern Iran","volume":"40","author":"Champour","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Parasit. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2015.09.004","article-title":"Best practices for preventing vector-borne diseases in dogs and humans","volume":"32","author":"Dantas-Torres","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6938","DOI":"10.2741\/3200","article-title":"Overview: ticks as vectors of pathogens that cause disease in humans and animals","volume":"13","author":"de la Fuente","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02383239","article-title":"The distribution and prevalence of Nairobi sheep disease and other tick-borne infections of sheep and goats in northern Somalia","volume":"7","author":"Edelsten","year":"1975","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2020.1462-1472","article-title":"Low genetic diversity among Francisella-like endosymbionts within different genotypes of Hyalomma dromedarii ticks infesting camels in Saudi Arabia","volume":"13","author":"Elbir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0012","first-page":"6","article-title":"Hard tick distribution of camels in and around Galkaio district, Somalia","volume":"17","author":"Farah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Global J. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2022.106696","article-title":"Hemoplasmas and ticks in cattle from Somalia","volume":"236","author":"Ferrari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0014","first-page":"96","article-title":"Major ectoparasites infesting Camelus dromedarius in three districts of Somali Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia","volume":"35","author":"Feyera","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Appl. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10060741","article-title":"High prevalence and new genotype of Coxiella burnetii in ticks infesting camels in Somalia","volume":"10","author":"Frangoulidis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.05.010","article-title":"The role of ticks in the maintenance and transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus: a review of published field and laboratory studies","volume":"144","author":"Gargili","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.21608\/kvmj.2010.113578","article-title":"A copro investigative study of parasites in stray dogs and cats in rural, semi-rural and urban areas of Berbera city of Somaliland (northern of Somalia)","volume":"8","author":"Ghanem","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kafrelsheikh Veterinary Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.2528.1.1","article-title":"The Argasidae, Ixodidae and Nuttalliellidae (Acari: ixodida) of the world: a list of valid species names","volume":"2528","author":"Guglielmone","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0019","series-title":"The Role of Climate Information and Early Warning Systems in Supporting Disaster Risk Reduction in Somalia","author":"Gure","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0020","article-title":"Epidemiological and therapeutics studies on tick species of small ruminants in Hargelle District, Afder Zone, Somali Region, Ethiopia","volume":"9","author":"Habtemichael","year":"2020","journal-title":"Entomol. Ornithol. Herpetol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0021","first-page":"93","article-title":"Prevalence of tick infestation in dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius) brought for slaughter in Mandeeq Abattoir, Hargeisa Somalia","volume":"8","author":"Hamza","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0022","article-title":"Prevalence and species identification of ixodid ticks of small ruminants in Benadir Region, Somalia","author":"Hassan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0023","series-title":"Climate Variability and Climate Change and Their Impacts on Kenya's agricultural Sector","author":"Herrero","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-05014-8","article-title":"A community approach of pathogens and their arthropod vectors (ticks and fleas) in dogs of African Sub-Sahara","volume":"14","author":"Heylen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0025","first-page":"121","article-title":"A study on ticks affecting camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Jigjiga district of Somali region, Eastern Ethiopia","volume":"5","author":"Hussen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-022-00525-y","article-title":"Mental health crisis in Somalia: a review and a way forward","volume":"16","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Ment. Health Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04059-5","article-title":"Amblyomma hebraeum is the predominant tick species on goats in the Mnisi Community Area of Mpumalanga Province South Africa and is co-infected with Ehrlichia ruminantium and Rickettsia africae","volume":"13","author":"Jongejan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05221-x","article-title":"Geographical distribution of ixodid ticks and tick-borne pathogens of domestic animals in Ethiopia: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Kaba","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1631-1","article-title":"Analyses of mitochondrial genes reveal two sympatric but genetically divergent lineages of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus in Kenya","volume":"9","author":"Kanduma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0030","article-title":"Ectoparasites infesting dogs and cats in Bishoftu, central Oromia, Ethiopia","volume":"15","author":"Kumsa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1992.46.546","article-title":"Spotted fever rickettsiae in ticks from the northern Sinai Governate, Egypt","volume":"46","author":"Lange","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13570-020-00179-w","article-title":"Newly evolving pastoral and post-pastoral rangelands of Eastern Africa","volume":"10","author":"Lind","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pastoralism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1603\/ME13039","article-title":"Ticks and tick-borne viruses from livestock hosts in arid and semiarid regions of the eastern and northeastern parts of Kenya","volume":"51","author":"Lutomiah","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.4102\/jamba.v12i1.856","article-title":"Understanding vulnerability and resilience in Somalia","volume":"12","author":"Lwanga-Ntale","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jamba"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1067\/S0190-9622(03)01868-1","article-title":"Dermatoses from ticks","volume":"49","author":"McGinley-Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0037","first-page":"121","article-title":"Assessment of welfare and health conditions on working donkeys in Benadir region, Somalia","volume":"7","author":"Mohamed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0038","first-page":"50","article-title":"Prevalence of ixodid ticks in small ruminants in selected districts of Fafen zone, Eastern Ethiopia","volume":"7","author":"Mohammed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0039","article-title":"Zoonotic diseases and the COVID-19 pandemic: economic impacts on Somaliland's livestock exports to Saudi Arabia","volume":"28","author":"Mtimet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob Food Sec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2014.1748","article-title":"Molecular detection of Rickettsia africae in Amblyomma variegatum collected from Sudan","volume":"15","author":"Nakao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-6-22","article-title":"Risk mapping of Rinderpest sero-prevalence in central and southern Somalia based on spatial and network risk factors","volume":"6","author":"Ortiz-Pelaez","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1017\/S000748530000674X","article-title":"Ticks (Acarina, Ixodoidea) of the northern regions of the Somali Democratic Republic","volume":"66","author":"Pegram","year":"1976","journal-title":"Bull. Entomol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101561","article-title":"First detection of Amblyomma variegatum and molecular finding of Rickettsia Africa in Sardinia, Italy","volume":"12","author":"Pintore","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v71i4.252","article-title":"Preliminary survey of ticks (Acari: ixodidae) on cattle in northern Sudan","volume":"71","author":"Salih","year":"2004","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0045","first-page":"1502","article-title":"Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in Hyalommid ticks, northeastern Kenya","volume":"17","author":"Sang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0046","first-page":"161","article-title":"Tick populations of the agro-zootechnical farm of Balcad","volume":"4","author":"Scaramella","year":"1983","journal-title":"Boll Sci Facolt\u00e0 Zootecnica Vet Universit\u00e0 Nazionale Somala"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0047","first-page":"101","article-title":"Seroepidemiological investigations in domestic ruminants from Egypt, Somalia and Jordan for the demonstration of complement fixing antibodies against Rickettsia and Chlamydia","volume":"35","author":"Schmatz","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02265329","article-title":"Observations on blood-borne parasites of domestic livestock in the lower Juba region of Somalia","volume":"16","author":"Schoepf","year":"1984","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0049","unstructured":"Somalia Water and Land Information Management (SWALIM): Technical Report (2007). Available at: http\/\/www.faoswalim.org."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0050","unstructured":"Teka, T., Azeze, A., 2002. Cross-Border Trade and Food Security in the Ethiopia-Djibouti and Ethiopia-Somalia Borderlands. OSSREA Development Research Report Series, no. 4."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9091907","article-title":"Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in Asia, Africa and Europe","volume":"9","author":"Shahhosseini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.005","article-title":"Detection of Rickettsia aeschlimannii and Rickettsia africae in ixodid ticks from Burkina Faso and Somali Region of Ethiopia by new real-time PCR assays","volume":"7","author":"Tomassone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-012-9528-y","article-title":"Ticks and tick-borne pathogens in livestock from nomadic herds in the Somali Region, Ethiopia","volume":"56","author":"Tomassone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0053","series-title":"Proceedings of the IGAD Center for Pastoral Areas and Livestock Development (ICPALD)","article-title":"The contribution of livestock to the Somali economy","author":"Too","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0054","article-title":"Ticks of domestic animals in Africa: a guide to identification of species","author":"Walker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep., Edinburgh"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0055","first-page":"918","article-title":"Tick-borne lymphadenopathy-like condition in an African woman in Kenya","volume":"18","author":"Wanzala","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Res. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40755","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-18114-w","article-title":"Extreme climatic effects hamper livestock production in Somalia","volume":"29","author":"Warsame","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."}],"container-title":["Acta Tropica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001706X23001316?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001706X23001316?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T09:29:18Z","timestamp":1762075758000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001706X23001316"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["S0001706X23001316"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-706X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-706X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ticks and tick-borne pathogens of domestic animals in Somalia and neighbouring regions of Ethiopia and Kenya","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Acta Tropica","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106944","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106944"}}