{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T13:57:54Z","timestamp":1789826274206,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,20]],"date-time":"2021-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006306","name":"Sigrid Jus\u00e9lius Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006306","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003125","name":"Finnish Cultural Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Biomaterialia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,21]],"date-time":"2021-03-21T00:05:25Z","timestamp":1616285125000},"page":"301-314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Collagen fibres determine the crack morphology in articular cartilage"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"126","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6363-6063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eng Kuan","family":"Moo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petri","family":"Tanska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0866-1121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Federico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6826-3806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasir","family":"Al-Saffar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5341-0033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter","family":"Herzog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rami K.","family":"Korhonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21148","article-title":"Association of cartilage defects with loss of knee cartilage in healthy, middle-age adults: A prospective study","volume":"52","author":"Cicuttini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kei018","article-title":"The clinical correlates of articular cartilage defects in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a prospective study","volume":"44","author":"Wluka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kei108","article-title":"Factors affecting progression of knee cartilage defects in normal subjects over 2 years","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2884","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10573","article-title":"Risk factors for progressive cartilage loss in the knee","volume":"46","author":"Biswal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10976","article-title":"The pathobiology of focal lesion development in aging human articular cartilage and molecular matrix changes characteristic of osteoarthritis","volume":"48","author":"Squires","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967118801931","article-title":"Do focal chondral defects of the knee increase the risk for progression to osteoarthritis? A review of the literature","volume":"6","author":"Houck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthop. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200101000-00008","article-title":"Spontaneous repair of full-thickness defects of articular cartilage in a goat model. A preliminary study","volume":"83-A","author":"Jackson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. Vol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.023069","article-title":"Association between age and knee structural change: a cross sectional MRI based study","volume":"64","author":"Ding","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.182.1.1820111","article-title":"Acute injury of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone: a common but unrecognized lesion in the immature knee","volume":"182","author":"Oeppen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-5-200009050-00007","article-title":"Joint injury in young adults and risk for subsequent knee and hip osteoarthritis","volume":"133","author":"Gelber","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197759080-00012","article-title":"Survival of articular cartilage after controlled impact","volume":"59","author":"Repo","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(01)00049-3","article-title":"Deformation and rupture of the articular surface under dynamic and static compression","volume":"19","author":"Flachsmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(00)00025-5","article-title":"Matrix and cell injury due to sub-impact loading of adult bovine articular cartilage explants: effects of strain rate and peak stress","volume":"19","author":"Quinn","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.06.002","article-title":"Effect of the variation of loading frequency on surface failure of bovine articular cartilage","volume":"23","author":"Sadeghi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"issue":"5414","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1038\/244303a0","article-title":"Fatigue of articular cartilage","volume":"244","author":"Weightman","year":"1973","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(76)90004-X","article-title":"Tensile fatigue of human articular cartilage","volume":"9","author":"Weightman","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/40.12.1337","article-title":"Mechanical behaviour of articular cartilage under tensile cyclic load","volume":"40","author":"Bellucci","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2016.09.040","article-title":"Cyclic loading of human articular cartilage: the transition from compaction to fatigue","volume":"65","author":"Kaplan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2019.06.023","article-title":"Cartilage-on-cartilage cyclic loading induces mechanical and structural damage","volume":"98","author":"Vazquez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.01.026","article-title":"Effects of damage in the articular surface on the cartilage response to injurious compression in vitro","volume":"39","author":"Morel","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(01)00033-X","article-title":"Biosynthetic response and mechanical properties of articular cartilage after injurious compression","volume":"19","author":"Kurz","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20762","article-title":"The effects of focal articular defects on cartilage contact mechanics","volume":"27","author":"Gratz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/03008200600584090","article-title":"Influence of an initiating microsplit on the resistance to compression-induced rupture of the articular surface","volume":"47","author":"Flachsmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Connect. Tissue Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26336","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging of articular cartilage at 3T correlates with histology and biomechanics in a mechanical injury model","volume":"78","author":"Ferizi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-017-0986-3","article-title":"A computational algorithm to simulate disorganization of collagen network in injured articular cartilage","volume":"17","author":"Tanska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.2001.0507","article-title":"Steady progression of osteoarthritic features in the canine groove model","volume":"10","author":"Marijnissen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"issue":"n\/a","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0027","article-title":"Structural, compositional, and functional effects of blunt and sharp cartilage damage on the joint: a 9-month equine groove model study","volume":"n\/a","author":"te Moller","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2008.09.004","article-title":"Changes in spatial collagen content and collagen network architecture in porcine articular cartilage during growth and maturation","volume":"17","author":"Rieppo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2009.07.002","article-title":"Biomechanical, biochemical and structural correlations in immature and mature rabbit articular cartilage","volume":"17","author":"Julkunen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29655-5","article-title":"Composition, structure and tensile biomechanical properties of equine articular cartilage during growth and maturation","volume":"8","author":"Oinas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Benninghoff, Form und bau der Gelenkknorpel in ihren Beziehungen Zur Funktion, Zweiter Teil: der Aufbau des Gelenkknorpels in sienen Bezienhungen zur Funktion, Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie 2 (1925) 783\u2013862, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00583443.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00583443"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(03)00030-5","article-title":"Tensile mechanical properties of bovine articular cartilage: variations with growth and relationships to collagen network components","volume":"21","author":"Williamson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(90)90007-P","article-title":"The nonlinear characteristics of soft gels and hydrated connective tissues in ultrafiltration","volume":"23","author":"Holmes","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2009.0502","article-title":"Nonlinear elasticity of biological tissues with statistical fibre orientation","volume":"7","author":"Federico","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2005.0073","article-title":"Hyperelastic modelling of arterial layers with distributed collagen fibre orientations","volume":"3","author":"Gasser","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechmat.2011.07.010","article-title":"Elasticity and permeability of porous fibre-reinforced materials under large deformations","volume":"44","author":"Federico","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mech. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Federico, Porous Materials with Statistically Oriented Reinforcing Fibres, Springer, Berlin, pp. 49\u2013120. CISM Courses and Lectures No. 559, International Centre for Mechanical Sciences.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-1838-2_2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0038","series-title":"Continuum Theory of the Mechanics of Fibre-Reinforced Composites, International Centre for Mechanical Sciences","first-page":"1","article-title":"Constitutive theory for strongly anisotropic solids","author":"Spencer","year":"1984"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(98)00077-3","article-title":"Viscoelastic constitutive law in large deformations: application to human knee ligaments and tendons","volume":"31","author":"Pioletti","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/S0997-7538(00)00202-3","article-title":"Non-linear viscoelastic laws for soft biological tissues","volume":"19","author":"Pioletti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Mech. - A\/Solids"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2002.29877","article-title":"The split-line pattern of the distal femur","volume":"18","author":"Below","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"106","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20150188","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2015.0188","article-title":"Modelling non-symmetric collagen fibre dispersion in arterial walls","volume":"12","author":"Holzapfel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-019-01213-6","article-title":"Effect of structural distortions on articular cartilage permeability under large deformations","volume":"19","author":"Maleki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.05.039","article-title":"Towards an analytical model of soft biological tissues","volume":"41","author":"Federico","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2003.12.008","article-title":"Anisotropic strain-dependent material properties of bovine articular cartilage in the transitional range from tension to compression","volume":"37","author":"Chahine","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0046","first-page":"133","article-title":"Biomechanical properties of knee articular cartilage","volume":"40","author":"Laasanen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biorheology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1114\/1.271","article-title":"Finite element simulation of location- and time-dependent mechanical behavior of chondrocytes in unconfined compression tests","volume":"28","author":"Wu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.07.003","article-title":"A fibril-reinforced poroviscoelastic swelling model for articular cartilage","volume":"38","author":"Wilson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-002-0023-y","article-title":"An ionised\/non-ionised dual porosity model of intervertebral disc tissue","volume":"2","author":"Huyghe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00043417","article-title":"Conewise linear elastic materials","volume":"37","author":"Curnier","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Elast."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111004","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4002588","article-title":"Anisotropic hydraulic permeability under finite deformation","volume":"132","author":"Ateshian","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnonlinmec.2011.06.007","article-title":"Covariant formulation of the tensor algebra of non-linear elasticity","volume":"47","author":"Federico","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Nonlinear Mech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0053","unstructured":"S. Maas, D. Rawlins, J. Weiss, G.A. Ateshian, FEBio: theory manual v.2.9, 2019,."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0054","unstructured":"Abaqus, Abaqus 6.12: Theory Manual, 2012,."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1007\/s00033-020-01335-3","article-title":"Consistent numerical implementation of hypoelastic constitutive models","volume":"71","author":"Palizi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Z. Angew. Math. Phys."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1691445","article-title":"Effect of fluid boundary conditions on joint contact mechanics and applications to the modeling of osteoarthritic joints","volume":"126","author":"Federico","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"031001","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4000869","article-title":"Robust and general method for determining surface fluid flow boundary conditions in articular cartilage contact mechanics modeling","volume":"132","author":"Pawaskar","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02711518","article-title":"McLarens improved snub cube and other new spherical designs in three dimensions","volume":"15","author":"Hardin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Discrete Comput. Geom."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603512447301","article-title":"An in vivo Lapine model for impact-induced injury and osteoarthritic degeneration of articular cartilage","volume":"3","author":"Alexander","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0060","first-page":"1","article-title":"Articular cartilage tissue engineering","volume":"1","author":"Athanasiou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Synth. Lect. Tissue Eng."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02331378","article-title":"Application of selected cationic dyes for the semiquantitative estimation of glycosaminoglycans in histological sections of articular cartilage by microspectrophotometry","volume":"28","author":"Kir\u00e1ly","year":"1996","journal-title":"Histochem. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100090304","article-title":"Interspecies comparisons of in situ intrinsic mechanical properties of distal femoral cartilage","volume":"9","author":"Athanasiou","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.50B1.166","article-title":"The permeability of articular cartilage","volume":"50","author":"Maroudas","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. Vol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0064","series-title":"Adult Articular Cartilage","first-page":"131","article-title":"Physico-chemical properties of articular cartilage","author":"Maroudas","year":"1973"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"064502","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4000991","article-title":"Effects of refrigeration and freezing on the electromechanical and biomechanical properties of articular cartilage","volume":"132","author":"Changoor","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603513515998","article-title":"Effects of freeze thaw cycle with and without proteolysis inhibitors and cryopreservant on the biochemical and biomechanical properties of articular cartilage","volume":"5","author":"Qu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2010.04.007","article-title":"How subtle structural changes associated with maturity and mild degeneration influence the impact-induced failure modes of cartilage-on-bone","volume":"25","author":"Thambyah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.04.017","article-title":"Propagation of microcracks in collagen networks of cartilage under mechanical loads","volume":"27","author":"Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2017.03.289","article-title":"On mechanical mechanism of damage evolution in articular cartilage","volume":"78","author":"Men","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.06.007","article-title":"Human articular cartilage is orthotropic where microstructure, micromechanics, and chemistry vary with depth and split-line orientation","volume":"28","author":"Fischenich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1324669","article-title":"A conewise linear elasticity mixture model for the analysis of tension-compression nonlinearity in articular cartilage","volume":"122","author":"Soltz","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(00)00153-6","article-title":"A fibril reinforced nonhomogeneous poroelastic model for articular cartilage: inhomogeneous response in unconfined compression","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.04.040","article-title":"The role of interstitial fluid pressurization in articular cartilage lubrication","volume":"42","author":"Ateshian","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2006.12.006","article-title":"Regional variations of collagen orientation in normal and diseased articular cartilage and subchondral bone determined using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)","volume":"15","author":"Moger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2017.12.032","article-title":"Assessment of collagen fiber orientation dispersion in articular cartilage by small-angle X-ray scattering and diffusion tensor imaging: Preliminary results","volume":"48","author":"Tadimalla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1080\/03008200390244005","article-title":"X-ray diffraction of the molecular substructure of human articular cartilage","volume":"44","author":"Mollenhauer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Connect. Tissue Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(99)00013-3","article-title":"Nonlinear analysis of cartilage in unconfined ramp compression using a fibril reinforced poroelastic model","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(03)00267-7","article-title":"Stresses in the local collagen network of articular cartilage: a poroviscoelastic fibril-reinforced finite element study","volume":"37","author":"Wilson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(03)00069-1","article-title":"Fibril reinforced poroelastic model predicts specifically mechanical behavior of normal, proteoglycan depleted and collagen degraded articular cartilage","volume":"36","author":"Korhonen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1093\/imamat\/hxu039","article-title":"Poroelastic materials reinforced by statistically oriented fibres - numerical implementation and application to articular cartilage","volume":"79","author":"Tomic","year":"2014","journal-title":"IMA J. Appl. Math."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15599","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33759-3","article-title":"A novel mechanobiological model can predict how physiologically relevant dynamic loading causes proteoglycan loss in mechanically injured articular cartilage","volume":"8","author":"Orozco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(03)00039-1","article-title":"Cell death after cartilage impact occurs around matrix cracks","volume":"21","author":"Lewis","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2015.04.009","article-title":"Cartilage and chondrocyte response to extreme muscular loading and impact loading: can in vivo pre-load decrease impact-induced cell death?","volume":"30","author":"Bourne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2013.08.035","article-title":"The properties of chondrocyte membrane reservoirs and their role in impact-induced cell death","volume":"105","author":"Moo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23260","article-title":"Unfolding of membrane ruffles of in situ chondrocytes under compressive loads","volume":"35","author":"Moo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-011-0367-2","article-title":"Mechanical behaviour of in-situ chondrocytes subjected to different loading rates: a finite element study","volume":"11","author":"Moo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.01.003","article-title":"Extracellular matrix integrity affects the mechanical behaviour of in-situ chondrocytes under compression","volume":"47","author":"Moo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.108.4.1497","article-title":"Mechanical compression modulates matrix biosynthesis in chondrocyte\/agarose culture","volume":"108","author":"Buschmann","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.4A6511.2005","article-title":"Depth-varying density and organization of chondrocytes in immature and mature bovine articular cartilage assessed by 3D imaging and analysis","volume":"53","author":"Jadin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7560","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)68536-9","article-title":"Biosynthesis of cartilage proteoglycan and link protein by articular chondrocytes from immature and mature rabbits","volume":"263","author":"Plaas","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2019.12.008","article-title":"The mechanical significance of the zonally differentiated collagen network of articular cartilage in relation to tissue swelling","volume":"79","author":"Brown","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100120506","article-title":"Elastic modulus of calcified cartilage is an order of magnitude less than that of subchondral bone","volume":"12","author":"Mente","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2023.03.013","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681516800000}}],"container-title":["Acta Biomaterialia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1742706121001793?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1742706121001793?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T16:14:10Z","timestamp":1698077650000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1742706121001793"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"references-count":92,"alternative-id":["S1742706121001793"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031","relation":{"erratum":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2023.03.013","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1742-7061"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-7061","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Collagen fibres determine the crack morphology in articular cartilage","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Acta Biomaterialia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.031","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}