{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T17:56:31Z","timestamp":1789840591874,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002701","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1711049376"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1711049376"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006928","name":"Ohio State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006928","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002543","name":"Pusan National University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Biomaterialia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]],"date-time":"2022-07-30T02:44:28Z","timestamp":1659149068000},"page":"442-455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"special_numbering":"C","title":["In vitro and in vivo assessment of squeeze-cast Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn alloys for biomedical applications"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Dae Hyun","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4684-4001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Avey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5029-089X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyoung Hyup","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1217-3764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4356-0468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan A.","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.10.003","article-title":"Magnesium and its alloys as orthopedic biomaterials: a review","volume":"27","author":"Staiger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2014.07.005","article-title":"Recent advances on the development of magnesium alloys for biodegradable implants","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2010.02.028","article-title":"The history of biodegradable magnesium implants: A review","volume":"6","author":"Witte","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0004","unstructured":"A.A. Luo, Magnesium, The Lightest Structural Metal, International Magnesium Association, Saint Paul, Minnesota."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.05.014","article-title":"The role of rare earth elements in biodegradable metals: A review","volume":"129","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0006","article-title":"Biodegradable magnesium-based implants in orthopedics \u2013 a general review and perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Eng. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.corsci.2016.05.041","article-title":"Corrosion and passivation of magnesium alloys","volume":"111","author":"Cao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Corros. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40735-019-0216-x","article-title":"Magnesium-based bioresorbable stent materials: review of reviews","volume":"5","author":"Aljihmani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Bio Tribo Corros."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jma.2021.06.024","article-title":"Biodegradable Mg alloys for orthopedic implants \u2013 a review","volume":"9","author":"Tsakiris","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Magnes. Alloy."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.12.023","article-title":"Prospects and strategies for magnesium alloys as biodegradable implants from crystalline to bulk metallic glasses and composites-a review","volume":"103","author":"Kiani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2016.03.182","article-title":"Effect of Mn addition on grain refinement of biodegradable Mg-4Zn-0.5 Ca alloy","volume":"676","author":"Cho","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Alloy. Compd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2009.06.028","article-title":"Research on an Mg\u2013Zn alloy as a degradable biomaterial","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jma.2020.08.002","article-title":"Review of Mg alloy corrosion rates","volume":"8","author":"Atrens","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Magnes. Alloy."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2016.06.020","article-title":"Biodegradable magnesium alloys for orthopaedic applications: a review on corrosion, biocompatibility and surface modifications","volume":"68","author":"Agarwal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/rb\/rbab017","article-title":"The biological responses and mechanisms of endothelial cells to magnesium alloy","volume":"8","author":"Hou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Regen. Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1007\/s11837-020-04079-7","article-title":"Non-invasive degradation tracking of Mg implants in humans: a measurement approach","volume":"72","author":"Varady","year":"2020","journal-title":"JOM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsf.2019.137456","article-title":"Ceramic coating for delayed degradation of Mg-1.2 Zn-0.5 Ca-0.5 Mn bone fixation and instrumentation","volume":"687","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thin Solid Films"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2016.10.244","article-title":"Effect of Mn addition on corrosion properties of biodegradable Mg-4Zn-0.5Ca-xMn alloys","volume":"695","author":"Cho","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alloy. Compd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s11706-013-0210-z","article-title":"The effect of selected alloying element additions on properties of Mg-based alloy as bioimplants: A literature review","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1179\/095066004225010497","article-title":"Recent magnesium alloy development for elevated temperature applications","volume":"49","author":"Luo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. Mater. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scriptamat.2018.05.047","article-title":"Interphase boundary segregation of silver and enhanced precipitation of Mg17Al12 Phase in a Mg-Al-Sn-Ag alloy","volume":"154","author":"Miao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scr. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2015.12.002","article-title":"Low levels of aluminum can lead to behavioral and morphological changes associated with Alzheimer's disease and age-related neurodegeneration","volume":"52","author":"Bondy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"X.N. Gu, Y.F. Zheng, A review on magnesium alloys as biodegradable materials, Front. Mater. Sci. China. 4 (2010) 111\u2013115. doi:10.1007\/s11706-010-0024-1.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11706-010-0024-1"},{"issue":"suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0024","first-page":"85","article-title":"Exposure, metabolism, and toxicity of rare earths and related compounds","volume":"104","author":"Hirano","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.03.006","article-title":"Biocompatibility and osteogenic activity of guided bone regeneration membrane based on chitosan-coated magnesium alloy","volume":"100","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2009.10.006","article-title":"Developments in metallic biodegradable stents","volume":"6","author":"Hermawan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.108514","article-title":"The in vitro and in vivo biological effects and osteogenic activity of biodegradable porous Mg alloy scaffolds","volume":"189","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2015.12.064","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo comparison of binary Mg alloys and pure Mg","volume":"61","author":"Myrissa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L.D. Hou, Z. Li, Y. Pan, L. Du, X.L. Li, Y.F. Zheng, L. Li, In vitro and in vivo studies on biodegradable magnesium alloy, Prog. Nat. Sci. Mater. Int. 24 (2014) 466\u2013471. doi:10.1016\/j.pnsc.2014.09.002.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnsc.2014.09.002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46343","DOI":"10.1038\/srep46343","article-title":"A promising biodegradable magnesium alloy suitable for clinical vascular stent application","volume":"7","author":"Mao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2020.06.260","article-title":"Hydrogen evolution and quantum calculations for potassium sorbate as an efficient green inhibitor for biodegradable magnesium alloy staples used for sleeve gastrectomy surgery","volume":"45","author":"Ghoneim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrog. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2011.04.027","article-title":"Biodegradable CaMgZn bulk metallic glass for potential skeletal application","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2015.04.011","article-title":"Recommendation for modifying current cytotoxicity testing standards for biodegradable magnesium-based materials","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.A. Luo, Advanced metal casting, in: F.G. Caballero (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Materials: Metals and Alloys. Vol. 3, Elsevier, Oxford, pp. 13\u201326.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819726-4.00084-3"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jma.2019.05.010","article-title":"Mechanical and corrosion behaviour of hydroxyapatite reinforced Mg-Sn alloy composite by squeeze casting for biomedical applications","volume":"8","author":"Radha","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Magnes. Alloy."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2013.12.014","article-title":"Effects of processing parameters and Ca content on microstructure and mechanical properties of squeeze casting AZ91\u2013Ca alloys","volume":"595","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2013.07.001","article-title":"In vitro degradation and cytotoxicity response of Mg-4% Zn-0.5% Zr (ZK40) alloy as a potential biodegradable material","volume":"9","author":"Hong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0038","series-title":"Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0039","series-title":"Standard Practice for Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of Metals","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.corsci.2010.09.016","article-title":"An innovative specimen configuration for the study of Mg corrosion","volume":"53","author":"Shi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Corros. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.corsci.2014.10.012","article-title":"Influence of hot rolling on the corrosion behavior of several Mg\u2013X alloys","volume":"90","author":"Cao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Corros. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0042","series-title":"Immunotoxicity Testing Methods and Protocols","author":"Dietert","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0043","unstructured":"ISO 10993-5, International Organization for Standardization ISO 10993-5: 2009, Biological evaluation of medical devices \u2013 Part 5: tests for in vitro cytotoxicity (2009)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0044","series-title":"In Vivo and In Vitro Testing for the Biological Safety Evaluation of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Biocompatibility and Performance of Medical Devices","first-page":"120","author":"De Jong","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0045","unstructured":"ISO 10993-12, International Organization for Standardization ISO 10993-12: 2012, Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices \u2013 Part 12: Sample Preparation and Reference Materials, (2012)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0046","series-title":"Standard Practice for Calculation of Corrosion Rates and Related Information from Electrochemical Measurements","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0047","first-page":"10","article-title":"BrdU-Elisa, a nonradioactive alternative test method to assess the allergic contact dermatitis potential of chemicals and products","year":"2010"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0048","first-page":"4360","article-title":"The current performance of biodegradable magnesium-based implants in magnetic resonance imaging: a review","volume":"6","author":"Espiritu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-6041\/11\/2\/025001","article-title":"In vivo corrosion behaviour of magnesium alloy in association with surrounding tissue response in rats","volume":"11","author":"Miura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0050","first-page":"15","article-title":"Biodegradable magnesium fixation screw for barrier membranes used in guided bone regeneration","volume":"14","author":"Ka\u010darevi\u0107","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2016.09.059","article-title":"Effects of Mn addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast and heat-treated Mg-Zn-Ca bio-magnesium alloy","volume":"677","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0052","article-title":"Effect of solutes on grain refinement","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2011.01.037","article-title":"Effect of Mn addition on microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of Mg\u2013Zn\u2013Ca alloy","volume":"528","author":"Tong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0054","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mechanical and in vitro corrosion properties of a heat-treated Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn alloy as a potential Bioresorbable material","volume":"1","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metall. Mater. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2016.01.195","article-title":"Development of dilute Mg\u2013Zn\u2013Ca\u2013Mn alloy with high performance via extrusion","volume":"668","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Alloy. Compd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.E. Schaublin, M. Becker, M. Cihova, S.S.A. Gerstl, D. Deiana, C. Hebert, S. Pogatscher, P.J. Uggowitzer, J.F. Loffler, Precipitation in Lean Mg\u2013Zn\u2013Ca Alloys, arXiv Preprint ArXiv:2110.04895 (2021). doi:10.48550\/arXiv.2110.04895.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2022.118223"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tca.2011.10.027","article-title":"In-situ thermal analysis and macroscopical characterization of Mg\u2013xCa and Mg\u20130.5Ca\u2013xZn alloy systems","volume":"527","author":"Farahany","year":"2012","journal-title":"Thermochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2005.09.023","article-title":"Solidification, solution treatment and age hardening of a Mg-1.6 wt.% Ca- 3.2 wt.% Zn Alloy","volume":"54","author":"Levi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2013.03.034","article-title":"Microstructures and mechanical properties of as-cast and as-extruded Mg-4.50Zn-1.13Ca (wt%) alloys","volume":"576","author":"Du","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2013.06.027","article-title":"Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Ca-Ce alloy processed by semi-continuous casting","volume":"582","author":"Du","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0061","article-title":"Effect of Zn content and aging temperature on the in-vitro properties of heat-treated and Ca\/P ceramic-coated Mg-0.5%Ca-x%Zn alloys","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2018.107554","article-title":"Homogenization-induced age-hardening behavior and room temperature mechanical properties of Mg-4Zn-0.5 Ca-0.16 Mn (wt%) alloy","volume":"164","author":"Duley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2008.08.035","article-title":"Effects of squeeze casting parameters on the microstructure of LM13 alloy","volume":"209","author":"Maleki","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Mater. Process. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2009.11.039","article-title":"Effect of squeeze casting parameters on the mechanical properties of AZ91\u2013Ca Mg alloys","volume":"31","author":"Goh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-0136(99)00291-5","article-title":"Squeeze casting: an overview","volume":"101","author":"Ghomashchi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Mater. Process. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2020.140204","article-title":"Improved microstructures of AZ31 magnesium alloy by semi-solid extrusion","volume":"800","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scriptamat.2011.10.041","article-title":"A quantitative model for describing crystal nucleation in pressurized solidification during squeeze casting","volume":"66","author":"Han","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scr. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchar.2021.111404","article-title":"Comparison of the semisolid squeeze casting and gravity casting process on the precipitation behavior and mechanical properties of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy","volume":"180","author":"Hao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Charact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmst.2017.11.019","article-title":"Accelerated precipitation behavior of cast Mg-Al-Zn alloy by grain refinement","volume":"34","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scriptamat.2010.06.026","article-title":"Effect of particles in promoting twin nucleation in a Mg-5 wt.% Zn alloy","volume":"63","author":"Robson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scr. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2016.08.022","article-title":"In-situ X-ray diffraction studies of slip and twinning in the presence of precipitates in AZ91 alloy","volume":"119","author":"Kada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scriptamat.2008.02.029","article-title":"Effect of grain size on mechanical property of Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy","volume":"59","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scr. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2017.09.214","article-title":"Effects of pre-annealing on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy","volume":"729","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alloy. Compd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2008.06.019","article-title":"Microstructure, mechanical properties and bio-corrosion properties of Mg\u2013Zn\u2013Mn\u2013Ca alloy for biomedical application","volume":"497","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2011.11.014","article-title":"Assessing the corrosion of biodegradable magnesium implants: a critical review of current methodologies and their limitations","volume":"8","author":"Kirkland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.3390\/met10060775","article-title":"Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for the measurement of the corrosion rate of magnesium alloys: brief review and challenges","volume":"10","author":"Feliu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.corsci.2015.01.049","article-title":"Improvement of corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of rare-earth WE43 magnesium alloy by neodymium self-ion implantation","volume":"94","author":"Jin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Corros. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.corsci.2009.10.016","article-title":"Measurement of the corrosion rate of magnesium alloys using Tafel extrapolation","volume":"52","author":"Shi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Corros. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mseb.2011.04.008","article-title":"Improved cytotoxicity testing of magnesium materials","volume":"176","author":"Fischer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/138.2.415S","article-title":"Extracellular pH regulates bone cell function","volume":"138","author":"Arnett","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0081","first-page":"17","article-title":"Increased osteoblast viability at alkaline pH in vitro provides a new perspective on bone regeneration","volume":"10","author":"Galow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.corsci.2008.08.023","article-title":"Influence of pH and chloride ion concentration on the corrosion of Mg alloy ZE41","volume":"50","author":"Zhao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Corros. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0083","first-page":"9","article-title":"The effect of hydrogen gas evolution of magnesium implant on the postimplantation mortality of rats","volume":"5","author":"Noviana","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Transl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2016.07.020","article-title":"A preliminary evaluation of immune stimulation following exposure to metal particles and ions using the mouse popliteal lymph node assay","volume":"308","author":"Tvermoes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["Acta Biomaterialia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1742706122004421?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1742706122004421?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T17:54:30Z","timestamp":1761674070000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1742706122004421"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":84,"alternative-id":["S1742706122004421"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-7061"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-7061","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"In vitro and in vivo assessment of squeeze-cast Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn alloys for biomedical applications","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Acta Biomaterialia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.040","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}