{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T01:16:50Z","timestamp":1780535810303,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006298","name":"S\u00e4chsische Aufbaubank","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006298","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002957","name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004119","name":"Liaoning Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004119","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004895","name":"European Social Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Biomaterialia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T20:22:29Z","timestamp":1671567749000},"page":"308-323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"C","title":["3D extrusion printing of density gradients by variation of sinusoidal printing paths for tissue engineering and beyond"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"158","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3151-3637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Kilian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Holtzhausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8419-672X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfram","family":"Groh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0706-371X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Sembdner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charis","family":"Czichy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Lode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Stelzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9075-5121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Gelinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-017-2063-0","article-title":"Treatment of critical-sized bone defects: clinical and tissue engineering perspectives","volume":"28","author":"Roddy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthop. Surg. Traumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2309499018778325","article-title":"The distribution of bone mineral density in the femoral heads of unstable intertrochanteric fractures","volume":"26","author":"Uemura","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1792","article-title":"Stiffening hydrogels to probe short- and long-term cellular responses to dynamic mechanics","volume":"3","author":"Guvendiren","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0004","first-page":"373","article-title":"Cortical or trabecular bone: what's the difference?","volume":"47","author":"Ott","year":"2018","journal-title":"AJN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0005","first-page":"1459","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of peri- and interprosthetic fractures of the femur","volume":"68","author":"Lehmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2020.108445","article-title":"New perspectives: in-situ tissue engineering for bone repair scaffold","volume":"202","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Compos. Part B: Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.18063\/ijb.v5i1.148","article-title":"Additive manufacturing of bone scaffolds","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Bioprint."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2018.04.008","article-title":"Additive manufacturing applications in orthopaedics: a review","volume":"9","author":"Javaid","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Orthop. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8277","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65050-9","article-title":"3D Bioprinting of osteochondral tissue substitutes - in vitro-chondrogenesis in multi-layered mineralized constructs","volume":"10","author":"Kilian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0010","article-title":"A review on functionally gradient materials (FGMs) and their applications","volume":"8","author":"Sai","year":"2018","journal-title":"IJCET"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.1c00183","article-title":"Extrusion-based 3D bioprinting of gradients of stiffness, cell density, and immobilized peptide using thermogelling hydrogels","volume":"7","author":"Kuzucu","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0012","first-page":"34","article-title":"An overview of functionally graded additive manufacturing","volume":"23","author":"Loh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2921","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2008-0432","article-title":"Emergence of patterned stem cell differentiation within multicellular structures","volume":"26","author":"Ruiz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4872","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903269107","article-title":"Geometric cues for directing the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"107","author":"Kilian","year":"2010","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4544","article-title":"Biomimetic 4D printing","volume":"15","author":"Gladman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0016","series-title":"Advances in Additive Manufacturing and Joining","first-page":"87","article-title":"Fabrication of gradient density components through extrusion-based additive manufacturing","author":"Mohan","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2014.06.031","article-title":"Mapping the natural variation in whole bone stiffness and strength across skeletal sites","volume":"67","author":"Schlecht","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7416","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-43686-6","article-title":"Computed tomography porosity and spherical indentation for determining cortical bone millimetre-scale mechanical properties","volume":"9","author":"Boughton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0019","article-title":"Additively manufactured Scaffolds for bone tissue engineering and the prediction of their mechanical behavior: a review","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0020","first-page":"1401","article-title":"The influence of infill density gradient on the mechanical properties of PLA optimized structures by additive manufacturing","volume":"235","author":"Pais","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part L: J. Mater.: Des. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12051031","article-title":"3D direct printing of silicone meniscus implant using a novel heat-cured extrusion-based printer","volume":"12","author":"Luis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/mi11010031","article-title":"3D printed wavy Scaffolds enhance mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis","volume":"11","author":"Ji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.3.170056","article-title":"Bioceramics and bone healing","volume":"3","author":"Ginebra","year":"2018","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(199724)38:4<356::AID-JBM8>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Effect of calcium carbonate on clinical compliance of apatitic calcium phosphate bone cement","volume":"38","author":"Khairoun","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1002\/term.1563","article-title":"Fabrication of porous scaffolds by three-dimensional plotting of a pasty calcium phosphate bone cement under mild conditions","volume":"8","author":"Lode","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regener. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2012.12.017","article-title":"Properties of injectable ready-to-use calcium phosphate cement based on water-immiscible liquid","volume":"9","author":"Heinemann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tec.2014.0187","article-title":"Formation of osteoclasts on calcium phosphate bone cements and polystyrene depends on monocyte isolation conditions","volume":"21","author":"Bernhardt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part C Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2017.10.036","article-title":"Strontium-modified premixed calcium phosphate cements for the therapy of osteoporotic bone defects","volume":"65","author":"Lode","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2015.08.036","article-title":"3D plotting of growth factor loaded calcium phosphate cement scaffolds","volume":"27","author":"Akkineni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-016-1685-4","article-title":"Design and fabrication of complex Scaffolds for bone defect healing: combined 3D plotting of a calcium phosphate cement and a growth factor-loaded hydrogel","volume":"45","author":"Ahlfeld","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00217","article-title":"3D printing of bone grafts for cleft alveolar osteoplasty - in vivo evaluation in a preclinical model","volume":"8","author":"Korn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10122654","article-title":"Adapting the pore size of individual, 3D-printed CPC Scaffolds in maxillofacial surgery","volume":"10","author":"Muallah","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4088","DOI":"10.1039\/c3tb20511h","article-title":"Well-ordered biphasic calcium phosphate-alginate scaffolds fabricated by multi-channel 3D plotting under mild conditions","volume":"1","author":"Luo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45002","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/aad36d","article-title":"Bioprinting of mineralized constructs utilizing multichannel plotting of a self-setting calcium phosphate cement and a cell-laden bioink","volume":"10","author":"Ahlfeld","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0035","article-title":"Composites consisting of calcium phosphate cements and mesoporous bioactive glasses as a 3D plottable drug delivery system","author":"Richter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13036-015-0001-4","article-title":"Recent advances in 3D printing of biomaterials","volume":"9","author":"Chia","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biol. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0037","series-title":"Fraunhofer Direct Digital Manufacturing Conference (DDMC)","article-title":"Adjustment of locally resolved pore sizes for extrusion printing of biomaterials","author":"Holtzhausen","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1002\/term.2058","article-title":"Three-dimensional plotting of a cell-laden alginate\/methylcellulose blend: towards biofabrication of tissue engineering constructs with clinically relevant dimensions","volume":"11","author":"Sch\u00fctz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regener. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0039","unstructured":"S. G\u00fcnther, Untersuchung von Tiefenfiltrationsprozessen an einer Labortomographieanlage. Dissertation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2008.00299.x","article-title":"Introducing a single-cell-derived human mesenchymal stem cell line expressing hTERT after lentiviral gene transfer","volume":"12","author":"B\u00f6cker","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0041","series-title":"A Proposal for Digital Imaging and Communication in Product Engineering Using CT Data","author":"Hofmann","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1007\/s42242-021-00153-4","article-title":"3D printing of patient-specific implants for osteochondral defects: workflow for an MRI-guided zonal design","volume":"4","author":"Kilian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bio-des. Manuf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14102","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/aa90e2","article-title":"Assessing bioink shape fidelity to aid material development in 3D bioprinting","volume":"10","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1997.12.4.641","article-title":"Composition and mechanical properties of cancellous bone from the femoral head of patients with osteoporosis or osteoarthritis","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Bone Min. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031218","article-title":"Toward biofabrication of resorbable implants consisting of a calcium phosphate cement and fibrin-A characterization in vitro and in vivo","volume":"22","author":"Ahlfeld","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23063400","article-title":"Treatment of critical size femoral bone defects with biomimetic hybrid Scaffolds of 3D plotted calcium phosphate cement and mineralized collagen matrix","volume":"23","author":"Culla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1002\/term.110","article-title":"Cultivation of human bone marrow stromal cells on three-dimensional scaffolds of mineralized collagen: influence of seeding density on colonization, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation","volume":"2","author":"Lode","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regener. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2020.07.010","article-title":"Cell proliferation and migration explain pore bridging dynamics in 3D printed scaffolds of different pore size","volume":"114","author":"Buenzli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2008.0064","article-title":"The effect of geometry on three-dimensional tissue growth","volume":"5","author":"Rumpler","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.07.023","article-title":"3D fiber-deposited scaffolds for tissue engineering: influence of pores geometry and architecture on dynamic mechanical properties","volume":"27","author":"Moroni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.109025","article-title":"Melt electrowriting onto anatomically relevant biodegradable substrates: resurfacing a diarthrodial joint","volume":"195","author":"Peiffer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb13020075","article-title":"3D plotting of calcium phosphate cement and melt electrowriting of polycaprolactone microfibers in one Scaffold: a hybrid additive manufacturing process","volume":"13","author":"Kilian","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Funct. Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2010.01.009","article-title":"3D powder printed calcium phosphate implants for reconstruction of cranial and maxillofacial defects","volume":"38","author":"Klammert","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2018.02.181","article-title":"Path planning for the infill of 3D printed parts utilizing Hilbert curves","volume":"21","author":"Papacharalampopoulos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Procedia. Manuf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2015.09.008","article-title":"Design and characterization of calcium phosphate ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering","volume":"32","author":"Denry","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0056","first-page":"1","article-title":"Porous scaffolds for bone regeneration","volume":"5","author":"Abbasi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sci.: Adv. Mater. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mser.2020.100543","article-title":"3D printing of hydrogels: Rational design strategies and emerging biomedical applications","volume":"140","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng.: R: Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3790","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073790","article-title":"3D printing soft matters and applications: a review","volume":"23","author":"Zhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."}],"container-title":["Acta Biomaterialia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1742706122008418?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1742706122008418?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T18:03:08Z","timestamp":1761674588000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1742706122008418"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["S1742706122008418"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-7061"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-7061","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"3D extrusion printing of density gradients by variation of sinusoidal printing paths for tissue engineering and beyond","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Acta Biomaterialia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.038","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}