{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:53:35Z","timestamp":1791406415537,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Biomaterialia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T20:23:09Z","timestamp":1771359789000},"page":"341-355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Microstructure-dependent transport properties in blood clots: Roles of fiber volume fraction and orientation on permeability and diffusivity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"213","author":[{"given":"Xiran","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaoyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinhui","family":"Si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weimin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuelan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1160\/th14-02-0184","article-title":"Clot properties and cardiovascular disease","volume":"112","author":"Bridge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-09-306639","article-title":"Mechanisms of fibrin polymerization and clinical implications","volume":"121","author":"Weisel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.11.051","article-title":"A 2-step mechanism of arterial thrombus formation induced by human atherosclerotic plaques","volume":"55","author":"Reininger Armin","year":"2010","journal-title":"JACC"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00016.2011","article-title":"New fundamentals in hemostasis","volume":"93","author":"Versteeg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"issue":"05","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1718923","article-title":"Fibrinolysis in acute and chronic cardiovascular disease","volume":"47","author":"Kietsiriroje","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin. Thromb. Hemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0006","series-title":"Fibrous Proteins: Structures and Mechanisms","first-page":"405","article-title":"Fibrin formation, structure and properties","author":"Weisel","year":"2017"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2567","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000241589.52950.4c","article-title":"Altered fibrin architecture is associated with hypofibrinolysis and premature coronary atherothrombosis","volume":"26","author":"Collet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2006.11.001","article-title":"Thrombin generation and fibrin clot structure","volume":"21","author":"Wolberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e88","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.111.230631","article-title":"Fibrin Clot Structure and Function","volume":"31","author":"Undas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)35759-4","article-title":"The effect of fibrin structure on fibrinolysis","volume":"267","author":"Gabriel","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpc.2004.07.029","article-title":"The mechanical properties of fibrin for basic scientists and clinicians","volume":"112","author":"Weisel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biophys. Chem."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V82.8.2462.2462","article-title":"Dusart syndrome: a new concept of the relationship between fibrin clot architecture and fibrin clot degradability: hypofibrinolysis related to an abnormal clot structure","volume":"82","author":"Collet","year":"1993","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1160\/th14-02-0184","article-title":"Clot properties and cardiovascular disease","volume":"112","author":"Bridge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2783","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.153221","article-title":"Heritability of clot formation, morphology, and lysis: the EuroCLOT study","volume":"27","author":"Carter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1021\/es60016a003","article-title":"Model for predicting pressure drop and filtration efficiency in fibrous media","volume":"2","author":"Spielman","year":"1968","journal-title":"Env. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0016","first-page":"317","article-title":"The hydrodynamic resistance of hyaluronic acid and its contribution to tissue permeability","volume":"19","author":"Jackson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biorheology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1177\/0021998305046438","article-title":"Viscous permeability of random fiber structures: comparison of electrical and diffusional estimates with experimental and analytical results","volume":"39","author":"Tomadakis","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Compos. Mater."},{"issue":"1b","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1177\/002034835316701b13","article-title":"The separation of airborne dust and particles","volume":"167","author":"Davies","year":"1953","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s11242-018-1086-2","article-title":"Porosity\u2013permeability relations for evolving pore space: a review with a focus on (Bio-)geochemically altered porous media","volume":"124","author":"Hommel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transp. Porous. Media"},{"issue":"0","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1039\/tf9615701200","article-title":"Permeability of porous solids","volume":"57","author":"Millington","year":"1961","journal-title":"Trans. Faraday Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02120313","article-title":"A calculation of the viscous force exerted by a flowing fluid on a dense swarm of particles","volume":"1","author":"Brinkman","year":"1949","journal-title":"Flow. Turbul. Combust."},{"issue":"1737","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1979.0160","article-title":"Transport properties of regular arrays of cylinders","volume":"369","author":"Perrins","year":"1979","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A-Math. Phys. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9797(90)90110-A","article-title":"Hindered transport in fibrous membranes and gels: Effect of solute size and fiber configuration","volume":"139","author":"Phillips","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Colloid. Interface Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003095","article-title":"Fibrin networks regulate protein transport during thrombus development","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS. Comput. Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.11.5.1182","article-title":"Effect of aspirin and epinephrine on experimentally induced thrombogenesis in dogs. A parallelism between in vivo and ex vivo thrombosis models","volume":"11","author":"Roux","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb.: J. Vasc. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2008.10.014","article-title":"Fibrin architecture in clots: a quantitative polarized light microscopy analysis","volume":"42","author":"Whittaker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2021.110816","article-title":"A review on the association of thrombus composition with mechanical and radiological imaging characteristics in acute ischemic stroke","volume":"129","author":"Cahalane","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5112","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59526-x","article-title":"The distinctive structure and composition of arterial and venous thrombi and pulmonary emboli","volume":"10","author":"Chernysh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2872","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021006248","article-title":"Structure of shear-induced platelet aggregated clot formed in an in vitro arterial thrombosis model","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-014-0347-x","article-title":"The impact of histological clot composition in embolic stroke","volume":"26","author":"Boeckh-Behrens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Neuroradiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2011.04203.x","article-title":"Hindered dissolution of fibrin formed under mechanical stress","volume":"9","author":"Varj\u00da","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14370","article-title":"Blood clot contraction differentially modulates internal and external fibrinolysis","volume":"17","author":"Tutwiler","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1385\/CBB:38:1:55","article-title":"Development of platelet contractile force as a research and clinical measure of platelet function","volume":"38","author":"Carr","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Biophys."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2903","article-title":"Mechanics and contraction dynamics of single platelets and implications for clot stiffening","volume":"10","author":"Lam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1002\/rth2.12469","article-title":"Visualizing thrombosis to improve thrombus resolution","volume":"5","author":"Weisel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res. Pr. Thromb. Haemost."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3021477","article-title":"Permeability calculations in three-dimensional isotropic and oriented fiber networks","volume":"20","author":"Stylianopoulos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3211192","article-title":"Influence of fiber orientation on the transverse permeability of fibrous media","volume":"21","author":"Tahir","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1209\/0295-5075\/84\/26006","article-title":"The fate of a polymer nanoparticle subject to flow-induced shear stresses","volume":"84","author":"Buxton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0039","series-title":"Report on Smokes and Filters","author":"Langmuir","year":"1942"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-9322(84)90079-X","article-title":"Laminar viscous flow through regular arrays of parallel solid cylinders","volume":"10","author":"Drummond","year":"1984","journal-title":"Int. J. Multiph. Flow"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.690050211","article-title":"Viscous flow relative to arrays of cylinders","volume":"5","author":"Happel","year":"1959","journal-title":"AIChe J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.690390304","article-title":"Ordinary and transition regime diffusion in random fiber structures","volume":"39","author":"Tomadakis","year":"1993","journal-title":"AIChe J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.690370107","article-title":"Effective Kundsen diffusivities in structures of randomly overlapping fibers","volume":"37","author":"Tomadakis","year":"1991","journal-title":"AIChe J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1143\/JPSJ.14.527","article-title":"The forces experienced by randomly distributed parallel circular cylinders or spheres in a viscous flow at small reynolds numbers","volume":"14","author":"Kuwabara","year":"1959","journal-title":"J. Phys. Soc. Jpn."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112059000222","article-title":"On the periodic fundamental solutions of the Stokes equations and their application to viscous flow past a cubic array of spheres","volume":"5","author":"Hasimoto","year":"1959","journal-title":"J. Fluid. Mech."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-9322(82)90029-5","article-title":"Slow flow past periodic arrays of cylinders with application to heat transfer","volume":"8","author":"Sangani","year":"1982","journal-title":"Int. J. Multiph. Flow"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/1359-835X(95)00039-5","article-title":"An attempt to quantify fibre bed permeability utilizing the phase average Navier-Stokes equation","volume":"27","author":"Van der Westhuizen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1177\/002199839202600802","article-title":"Permeability of unidirectional reinforcements for RTM","volume":"26","author":"Gebart","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Compos. Mater."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1160\/TH10-07-0442","article-title":"Flow profoundly influences fibrin network structure: Implications for fibrin formation and clot stability in haemostasis","volume":"104","author":"Campbell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3942","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-03-339572","article-title":"Factor XIIa regulates the structure of the fibrin clot independently of thrombin generation through direct interaction with fibrin","volume":"118","author":"Konings","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.05.068","article-title":"Contribution of nascent cohesive fiber-fiber interactions to the non-linear elasticity of fibrin networks under tensile load","volume":"94","author":"Britton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"issue":"5941","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0052","first-page":"741","article-title":"Multiscale mechanics of fibrin polymer: gel stretching with protein unfolding and loss of water","volume":"325","author":"Brown","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science 1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2024.01.046","article-title":"Fibrin clot fracture under cyclic fatigue and variable rate loading","volume":"177","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0054","series-title":"Dynamics of fluids in porous media","author":"Bear","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2007.09.012","article-title":"Design of a pseudo-physiological test bench specific to the development of biodegradable metallic biomaterials","volume":"4","author":"L\u00e9vesque","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.75.036702","article-title":"Mesoscopic predictions of the effective thermal conductivity for microscale random porous media","volume":"75","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34082-7","article-title":"Computational simulations of thrombolytic therapy in acute ischaemic stroke","volume":"8","author":"Piebalgs","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.02.004","article-title":"CT-CFD integrated investigation into porosity and permeability of neat early-age well cement at downhole condition","volume":"205","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2013.02.055","article-title":"The hydraulic permeability of blood clots as a function of fibrin and platelet density","volume":"104","author":"Wufsus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.690351102","article-title":"Hindered transport of spherical macromolecules in fibrous membranes and gels","volume":"35","author":"Phillips","year":"1989","journal-title":"AIChe J."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493016641965","article-title":"Histologic features of acute thrombi retrieved from stroke patients during mechanical reperfusion therapy","volume":"11","author":"Ahn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2023.12.010","article-title":"Acute ischemic stroke thrombus composition","volume":"550","author":"Vandelanotte","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-011-0326-y","article-title":"A constrained von Mises distribution to describe fiber organization in thin soft tissues","volume":"11","author":"Gouget","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2023.03.026","article-title":"Multiscale mechanical characterization and computational modeling of fibrin gels","volume":"162","author":"Jimenez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V. Tutwiler, J. Singh, R.I. Litvinov, J.L. Bassani, P.K. Purohit, J.W. Weisel, Rupture of blood clots: mechanics and pathophysiology, Sci. Adv. 6(35) eabc0496.","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abc0496"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.028","article-title":"Fracture toughness of fibrin gels as a function of protein volume fraction: mechanical origins","volume":"159","author":"Garyfallogiannis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111620","article-title":"Thrombin stimulates tissue plasminogen activator release from cultured human endothelial cells","volume":"74","author":"Levin","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1992.tb51597.x","article-title":"The mechanism of plasminogen activation and the variability of the fibrin effector during tissue-type plasminogen activator\u2014mediated fibrinolysis","volume":"667","author":"Thorsen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann. NY Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-06-290338","article-title":"The interplay between tissue plasminogen activator domains and fibrin structures in the regulation of fibrinolysis: kinetic and microscopic studies","volume":"117","author":"Longstaff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.25481","article-title":"Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor deficiency in cirrhosis is not associated with increased plasma fibrinolysis","volume":"121","author":"Lisman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3390\/mps3040067","article-title":"Fibrin clot formation and lysis in plasma","author":"Larsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Methods Protoc."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.690320407","article-title":"The effective diffusivity of fibrous media","volume":"32","author":"Koch","year":"1986","journal-title":"AIChe J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0073","first-page":"409","article-title":"Flow through interstitium and other fibrous matrices","volume":"72","author":"Levick","year":"1987","journal-title":"Q. J. Exp. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(02)73933-7","article-title":"Diffusion and convection in collagen gels: implications for transport in the tumor interstitium","volume":"83","author":"Ramanujan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2004.01.057","article-title":"Pore network simulation of fluid imbibition into paper during coating: II. Characterization of paper's morphology and computation of its effective permeability tensor","volume":"59","author":"Ghassemzadeh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.73.036705","article-title":"Simulation of liquid penetration in paper","volume":"73","author":"Hyv\u00e4luoma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9002(02)01003-3","article-title":"3D images of paper obtained by phase-contrast X-ray microtomography: image quality and binarisation","volume":"490","author":"Antoine","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0078","first-page":"251","article-title":"Prediction of air permeability of needle-punched nonwoven fabrics using artificial neural network and empirical models","volume":"25","author":"Debnath","year":"2000","journal-title":"Indian J. Fibre Text. Tes."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0032-5910(94)02850-8","article-title":"Realistic modelling of the behaviour of fibrous filters through consideration of filter structure","volume":"80","author":"Schweers","year":"1994","journal-title":"Powder. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-1777(03)00039-6","article-title":"About the use of fibrous materials in compact heat exchangers","volume":"28","author":"Tadrist","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Therm. Fluid. Sci."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2007.12.012","article-title":"A synthesis of fluid and thermal transport models for metal foam heat exchangers","volume":"51","author":"Mahjoob","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat. Mass Transf."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1002\/pen.760320403","article-title":"Resin flow through fiber beds during composite manufacturing processes. Part II: Numerical and experimental studies of newtonian flow through ideal and actual fiber beds","volume":"32","author":"Skartsis","year":"1992","journal-title":"Polym. Eng. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1177\/002199839202600907","article-title":"On flow through aligned fiber beds and its application to composites processing","volume":"26","author":"Astrom","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Compos. Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2019.219881","article-title":"Structural analysis of ischemic stroke thrombi: histological indications for therapy resistance","volume":"105","author":"Senna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1983.tb23248.x","article-title":"Factors influencing fibrin gel structure studied by flow measurement","volume":"408","author":"Okada","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann. NY Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2011.06.052","article-title":"Nanoparticle diffusion measures bulk clot permeability","volume":"101","author":"Spero","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0087","unstructured":"A.E. Krag, B.J. Kiil, C.L. Hvas, A.A.-O. Hvas, Effect of remote ischemic preconditioning on hemostasis and fibrinolysis in head and neck cancer surgery: a randomized controlled trial, (1932-6203 (Electronic))."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0088","article-title":"Congruent identification of imbalanced fibrinolysis by 2 distinct clot lysis time assays","volume":"7","author":"Driever","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res. Pr. Thromb. Haemost."},{"issue":"07","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0089","first-page":"105","article-title":"Transport phenomena and clot dissolving therapy: an experimental investigation of diffusion-controlled and permeation-enhanced fibrinolysis","volume":"72","author":"Wu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bioeng.1.1.427","article-title":"Engineering design of optimal strategies for blood clot dissolution","volume":"1","author":"Diamond","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0091","unstructured":"A. Blinc, C.W. Francis, Transport processes in fibrinolysis and fibrinolytic therapy, (0340-6245 (Print))."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(01)01485-6","article-title":"Pore network modelling of the behaviour of a solute in chromatography media: transient and steady-state diffusion properties","volume":"945","author":"Bryntesson","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2015.06.015","article-title":"Morphology and transport properties of fibrous porous media","volume":"283","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Powder. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2622","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(93)81314-6","article-title":"Inner clot diffusion and permeation during fibrinolysis","volume":"65","author":"Diamond","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.360270202","article-title":"Transport of probe molecules through fibrin gels as observed by means of holographic relaxation methods","volume":"27","author":"Stewart","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biopolymers"},{"issue":"05","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1648188","article-title":"Dependence of blood clot lysis on the mode of transport of Urokinase into the Clot - a magnetic resonance imaging study in vitro","volume":"65","author":"Blinc","year":"1991","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.7.1883","article-title":"Superficial accumulation of plasminogen during plasma clot lysis","volume":"92","author":"Sakharov","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"113","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2015.0949","article-title":"Towards a multi-physics modelling framework for thrombolysis under the influence of blood flow","volume":"12","author":"Piebalgs","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.20.5.1354","article-title":"Influence of fibrin network conformation and fibrin fiber diameter on fibrinolysis speed","volume":"20","author":"Collet","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.13403","article-title":"Current and future perspectives in imaging of venous thromboembolism","volume":"14","author":"Dronkers","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.01.017","article-title":"Molecular imaging of fibrin deposition in deep vein thrombosis using fibrin-targeted near-infrared fluorescence","volume":"5","author":"Hara","year":"2012","journal-title":"JACC-Cardiovasc. Imag."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00049.2010","article-title":"A molecular imaging primer: modalities, imaging agents, and applications","volume":"92","author":"James","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"issue":"7187","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06917","article-title":"Imaging in the era of molecular oncology","volume":"452","author":"Weissleder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1038\/nm782","article-title":"Real-time in vivo imaging of platelets, tissue factor and fibrin during arterial thrombus formation in the mouse","volume":"8","author":"Falati","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0105","unstructured":"N. Weiss, B. Schenk, M. Bachler, C. Solomon, D. Fries, M. Hermann, FITC-linked fibrin-binding peptide and real-time live confocal microscopy as a novel tool to visualize fibrin(ogen) in coagulation, (2424-810X (Electronic))."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.473407","article-title":"Targeted photothrombotic subcortical small vessel occlusion using in vivo real-time fiber bundle endomicroscopy in mice","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s10659-014-9508-z","article-title":"Hyperelastic energy densities for soft biological tissues: a review","volume":"120","author":"Chagnon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Elast."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0108","first-page":"81","article-title":"Structure and mechanical properties of fibrin networks, Fibrinogen and its derivatives. Biochemistry, physiology and pathophysiology","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"1986","journal-title":"Excerpta Med. Amst."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(92)81594-1","article-title":"Computer modeling of fibrin polymerization kinetics correlated with electron microscope and turbidity observations: clot structure and assembly are kinetically controlled","volume":"63","author":"Weisel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0110","article-title":"Fibrin prestress due to platelet aggregation and contraction increases clot stiffness","volume":"1","author":"Pathare","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biophys. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.103690","article-title":"Resolving the missing link between single platelet force and clot contractile force","volume":"25","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-08-523860","article-title":"Clot contraction: compression of erythrocytes into tightly packed polyhedra and redistribution of platelets and fibrin","volume":"123","author":"Cines","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0113","first-page":"428","article-title":"A structural and dynamic investigation of the facilitating effect of glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa inhibitors in dissolving platelet-rich clots","volume":"90","author":"Collet","year":"2002","journal-title":"CircRes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027_bib0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2024.11.005","article-title":"Exploring tissue permeability of brain tumours in different grades: insights from pore-scale fluid dynamics analysis","volume":"190","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."}],"container-title":["Acta Biomaterialia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1742706126001091?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1742706126001091?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:02:53Z","timestamp":1791403373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1742706126001091"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":114,"alternative-id":["S1742706126001091"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-7061"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-7061","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Microstructure-dependent transport properties in blood clots: Roles of fiber volume fraction and orientation on permeability and diffusivity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Acta Biomaterialia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actbio.2026.02.027","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}