{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:55:46Z","timestamp":1787237746515,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Psychologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T19:59:52Z","timestamp":1742414392000},"page":"104917","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["\u201cIt's very much how you define dangerous\u201d: The cultural construction of mothers' beliefs about risk in Denmark and the United States"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"255","author":[{"given":"Chris J.","family":"Boyatzis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kylie Brandt","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Doak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay A.","family":"Zajac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.2307\/1131473","article-title":"Cultural bases of risk behavior: Danish adolescents","volume":"64","author":"Arnett","year":"1993","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0010","author":"Ashley"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1080\/0014184032000097722","article-title":"The cultural nature of risk: Can there be an anthropology of uncertainty?","volume":"68","author":"Boholm","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ethnos"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.22.6.723","article-title":"Ecology of the family as a context for human development: Research perspectives","volume":"22","author":"Bronfenbrenner","year":"1986","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3134","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph9093134","article-title":"Risky play and children\u2019s safety: Balancing priorities for optimal child development","volume":"9","author":"Brussoni","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022191221006","article-title":"Orienting dispositions in the perception of risk: An analysis of contemporary worldviews and cultural biases","volume":"22","author":"Dake","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0040","author":"First"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0045","series-title":"Paranoid parenting: Abandon your anxieties and be a good parent","author":"Furedi","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0050","series-title":"No fear: Growing up in a risk averse society","author":"Gill","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0055","series-title":"Free to learn: Why unleashing the instinct to play will make our children happier, more self-reliant, and better students for life","author":"Gray","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0060","series-title":"The cultural contradictions of motherhood","author":"Hays","year":"1996"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1093\/sf\/soy107","article-title":"Social class, gender, and contemporary parenting standards in the United States: Evidence from a national survey experiment","volume":"98","author":"Ishizuka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Social Forces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-022-01305-0","article-title":"\u201cAll the fun stuff, the teachers say, \u2018that\u2019s dangerous!\u2019\u201d Hearing from children on safety and risk in active play in schools: A systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Jerebine","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb5000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.2307\/349952","article-title":"Parent-adolescent relationships and adolescent independence in the United States and Denmark","volume":"31","author":"Kandel","year":"1969","journal-title":"Journal of Marriage and the Family"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1080\/13698571003789666","article-title":"Contextualising risk, constructing choice: Breastfeeding and good mothering in risk society","volume":"12","author":"Knaak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health, Risk & Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0085","series-title":"Nordic social pedagogical approach to early years","first-page":"3","article-title":"The key characteristics of Danish\/Nordic child care culture","author":"Kragh-M\u00fcller","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12498","article-title":"Playing with knives: The socialization of self-initiated learners","volume":"87","author":"Lancy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0095","series-title":"Unequal childhoods: Class, race, and family life","author":"Lareau","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/14729679.2021.1925564","article-title":"Exploring outdoor play: A mixed methods study of the quality of preschool play environments and teacher perceptions of risky play","volume":"23","author":"LeMasters","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Adventure and Outdoor Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0105","series-title":"Parenting in a multicultural society","first-page":"17","article-title":"A cross-cultural perspective on parenting","author":"Levine","year":"1980"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0110","first-page":"S61","article-title":"Parental beliefs regarding developmental benefits of childhood injuries","volume":"28","author":"Lewis","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Health Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/1350293X.2011.548959","article-title":"The influence of play context and adult attitudes on young children\u2019s physical risk-taking during outdoor play","volume":"19","author":"Little","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Early Childhood Education Research Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0120","series-title":"Unnatural emotions: Everyday sentiments on a Micronesian atoll & their challenge to Western theory","author":"Lutz","year":"1988"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s10643-017-0856-8","article-title":"Parents\u2019 and early childhood educators\u2019 attitudes and practices in relation to children\u2019s outdoor risky play","volume":"46","author":"McFarland","year":"2018","journal-title":"Early Childhood Education Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0130","first-page":"53","article-title":"Adult perspectives on children\u2019s risk-taking: Outdoor provision in England and Denmark","volume":"5","author":"McGee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transformations"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsi041","article-title":"Caregiver supervision and child-injury risk: I. Issues in defining and measuring supervision; II. Findings and directions for future research","volume":"30","author":"Morrongiello","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.2000.2572","article-title":"Mothers\u2019 responses to sons and daughters engaging in injury-risk behaviors on a playground: Implications for sex differences in injury rates","volume":"76","author":"Morrongiello","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2003.003459","article-title":"Measuring parent attributes and supervision behaviors relevant to child injury risk: Examining the usefulness of questionnaire measures","volume":"10","author":"Morrongiello","year":"2004","journal-title":"Injury Prevention"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsq065","article-title":"\u201cI think he is in his room playing a video game\u201d: Parental supervision of young elementary-school children at home","volume":"36","author":"Morrongiello","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2008.01147.x","article-title":"Interactions between child behavior patterns and parent supervision: Implication for children\u2019s risk of unintentional injury","volume":"79","author":"Morrongiello","year":"2008","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2005.011296","article-title":"Psychological determinants of risk taking by children: An integrative model and implications for interventions","volume":"13","author":"Morrongiello","year":"2007","journal-title":"Injury Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0165","unstructured":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (n.d.). Bicycle helmet laws for children. https:\/\/www.nhtsa.gov\/book\/countermeasures-that-work\/bicycle-safety\/countermeasures\/legislation-and-licensing\/bicycle-helmet-laws-children#:\u223c:text=Mandatory%20bicycle%20helmet%20laws%20for,child%20bicyclists%20younger%20than%2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2023.09.003","article-title":"Increased bicycle helmet use in the absence of mandatory bicycle helmet legislation: Prevalence and trends from longitudinal observational studies on the use of bicycle helmets among cyclists in Denmark 2004\u20132022","volume":"87","author":"Olsson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Safety Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1080\/14649360600600585","article-title":"Paranoid parenting? Rematerializing risk and fear for children","volume":"7","author":"Pain","year":"2006","journal-title":"Social & Cultural Geography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0180","article-title":"Out of many faiths: Religious diversity and the American promise","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Princeton University Press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0185","unstructured":"PEW Research Center (January, 2023). Parenting in America today. https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/social-trends\/2023\/01\/24\/parenting-in-america-today\/#:\u223c:text=For%20example%2C%20about%20half%20of,too%20quickly%20(40%25%20vs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-024-02844-9","article-title":"Parents\u2019 perception of risk in play: Associations with parent and child gender","author":"Ryan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Family Studies. Advance online publication"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1080\/13502930701321733","article-title":"Categorising risky play: How can we identify risk-taking in children\u2019s play?","volume":"15","author":"Sandseter","year":"2007","journal-title":"European Early Childhood Education Research Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1177\/147470491100900212","article-title":"Children\u2019s risky play from an evolutionary perspective: The anti-phobic effects of thrilling experiences","volume":"9","author":"Sandseter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Evolutionary Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1080\/21594937.2022.2152531","article-title":"Risky play in children\u2019s emotion regulation, social functioning, and physical health: An evolutionary approach","volume":"12","author":"Sandseter","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Play"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0210","series-title":"Nordic social pedagogical approach to early years","first-page":"115","article-title":"Outdoor education in the Nordic region","author":"Sandseter","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00050","article-title":"Longitudinal and concurrent relations among temperament, ability estimation, and injury proneness","volume":"70","author":"Schwebel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0220","series-title":"Free-range kids: How parents and teachers can let go and let grow","author":"Skenazy","year":"2021"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2023-0676","article-title":"Gender differences in caregivers\u2019 attitudes to risky child play in Britain: A cross-sectional study","volume":"21","author":"Smith","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Activity and Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0230","series-title":"Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory","author":"Strauss","year":"1998"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1177\/016502548600900409","article-title":"The developmental niche: A conceptualization at the interface of child and culture","volume":"9","author":"Super","year":"1986","journal-title":"International Journal of Behavioral Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.2304\/gsch.2012.2.2.158","article-title":"Cultural variations in mothers\u2019 intuitive theories","volume":"2","author":"Trommsdorff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Global Studies of Childhood"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8330.00035","article-title":"\u2018Oh yes you can\u2019 \u2018oh no you can\u2019t\u2019: Children\u2019s and parents\u2019 understanding of kids\u2019 competence to negotiate public space safely","volume":"29","author":"Valentine","year":"1997","journal-title":"Antipode"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0250","first-page":"56","article-title":"Fishing naked: Nordic early childhood philosophy, policy, and practice","volume":"59","author":"Wagner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Young Children"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijer.2008.12.005","article-title":"The good childhood: Nordic ideals and educational practice","volume":"47","author":"Wagner","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0260","series-title":"Nordic social pedagogical approach to early years","first-page":"95","article-title":"The role of play in Danish child care","author":"Winther-Lindqvist","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917_bb0265","series-title":"Society without god","author":"Zuckerman","year":"2008"}],"container-title":["Acta Psychologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001691825002306?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001691825002306?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T16:39:58Z","timestamp":1746549598000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001691825002306"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S0001691825002306"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-6918"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-6918","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"\u201cIt's very much how you define dangerous\u201d: The cultural construction of mothers' beliefs about risk in Denmark and the United States","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Acta Psychologica","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104917","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104917"}}