{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T21:05:48Z","timestamp":1785359148109,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004515","name":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004515","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003093","name":"Malaysia Ministry of Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Psychologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T22:15:04Z","timestamp":1756332904000},"page":"105406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The association between emotional regulation strategies and mental health outcomes among Malaysian undergraduates"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"259","author":[{"given":"Ahmad Nabil Sufi","family":"Che Musa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amriit Kaur","family":"Sarjit Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cut Nyak Siti Hajar","family":"Ishak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suhan Raj","family":"Shanmugam Sundaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajar","family":"Mohd Salleh Sahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara Francine","family":"Petrus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sirobinii","family":"Somasegaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nik Ruzyanei","family":"Nik Jaafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.992863","article-title":"Exploring Malaysian parents\u2019 and teachers\u2019 cultural conceptualization of adolescent social and emotional competencies: A qualitative formative study","volume":"11","author":"Abd Hadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2018.03.008","article-title":"Stress, cognitive appraisal, coping, and event free survival in patients with heart failure","volume":"47","author":"Alhurani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart & Lung"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadr.2021.100113","article-title":"Maladaptive emotion regulation strategies in a vulnerable population predict increased anxiety during the covid-19 pandemic: A pseudo-prospective study","volume":"4","author":"Brehl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.3.1.48","article-title":"The social consequences of expressive suppression","volume":"3","author":"Butler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.6.4.587","article-title":"Acceptability and suppression of negative emotion in anxiety and mood disorders","volume":"6","author":"Campbell-Sills","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.760911","article-title":"Prevalence of internet gaming disorder in medical students: A meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Chiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0035","article-title":"Emotional regulation and depression: A potential mediator between heart and mind","volume":"2014","author":"Compare","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Psychiatry and Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2014.00175","article-title":"Cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression strategies role in the emotion regulation: An overview on their modulatory effects and neural correlates","volume":"8","author":"Cutuli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01632","article-title":"The moderator role of emotion regulation ability in the link between stress and well-being","volume":"6","author":"Extremera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2010.05.022","article-title":"The effect of suppressing and not accepting emotions on depressive symptoms: Is suppression different for men and women?","volume":"49","author":"Flynn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(00)00113-6","article-title":"Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems","volume":"30","author":"Garnefski","year":"2001","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94","article-title":"Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale","volume":"26","author":"Gratz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.74.1.224","article-title":"Antecedent-and response-focused emotion regulation: Divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology","volume":"74","author":"Gross","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1037\/1089-2680.2.3.271","article-title":"The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review","volume":"2","author":"Gross","year":"1998","journal-title":"Review of General Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.85.2.348","article-title":"Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being","volume":"85","author":"Gross","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0080","series-title":"IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows (Version 26.0) [computer software]","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0085","series-title":"National health and morbidity survey (NHMS) 2023: Non-communicable disease and healthcare demands- key findings","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00247","article-title":"Criterion and incremental validity of the emotion regulation questionnaire","volume":"6","author":"Ioannidis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0095","series-title":"Handbook of emotion regulation","first-page":"351","article-title":"Individual differences in emotion regulation","author":"John","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2016.07.007","article-title":"Examining emotion regulation in depression: A review and future directions","volume":"86","author":"Joormann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.10.021","article-title":"The role of expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal in cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder: A study of self-report, subjective, and electrocortical measures","volume":"279","author":"Kivity","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0110","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reductions in anxiety are associated with decreased expressive suppression and increased cognitive reappraisal after cognitive-behavioral treatment: A naturalistic study in youth","author":"Knowles","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry and Human Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00075-U","article-title":"The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (dass) with the beck depression and anxiety inventories","volume":"33","author":"Lovibond","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0125","series-title":"The self: Interdisciplinary approaches","first-page":"18","article-title":"Cultural variation in the self-concept","author":"Markus","year":"1991"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0001229","article-title":"Investigating gender-based differential item functioning on the mclean screening instrument for borderline personality disorder (msi-bpd): An item response theory analysis","volume":"35","author":"Martin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2005.06.004","article-title":"Cognitive emotion regulation in the prediction of depression, anxiety, stress, and anger","volume":"39","author":"Martin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.94.6.925","article-title":"Culture, emotion regulation, and adjustment","volume":"94","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0145","article-title":"Correlation between emotion regulation and mental well-being among university students during COVID-19","volume":"36","author":"Mohd Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.13075\/ijomeh.1896.01977","article-title":"Emotion regulation strategies and mental health symptoms during COVID-19: The mediating role of insomnia","volume":"36","author":"Mojsa-Kaja","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2008.05.001","article-title":"Are expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal associated with stress-related symptoms?","volume":"46","author":"Moore","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0160","first-page":"82","article-title":"Translation, validation and psychometric properties of bahasa Malaysia version of the depression anxiety and stress scales (DASS)","volume":"8","author":"Musa","year":"2007","journal-title":"ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0165","series-title":"Understanding cross-cultural differences between Malaysian Malays and Australian Caucasians in emotion recognition. Proceedings of the Asian conference on psychology and the behavioral sciences 2016 official conference proceedings","author":"Nair","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mhp.2025.200430","article-title":"The relationship between emotion regulation and mental health in adolescents: Self-compassion as a moderator","author":"Nguyen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mental Health & Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0175","series-title":"The functional utility of negative emotions","author":"Parrott","year":"2002"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1037\/cdp0000112","article-title":"Cultural differences and similarities in beliefs, practices, and neural mechanisms of emotion regulation","volume":"23","author":"Qu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21649\/akemu.v23i1.1512","article-title":"Cross cultural variation in emotion regulation: A systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Ramzan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annals of King Edward Medical University"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.79.3.410","article-title":"Emotion regulation and memory: The cognitive costs of keeping one\u2019s cool","volume":"79","author":"Richards","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"05","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0195","first-page":"734","article-title":"Anxiety and emotional regulation; Anxiety and emotional regulation among pupils of a state-owned medical institution: A gender perspective","volume":"26","author":"Saleem","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Professional Medical Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0200","first-page":"101","article-title":"The role of mindfulness and emotional regulation in predicting depression and anxiety in university students","volume":"11","author":"Shafiee-Tabar","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Behavioral Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.73.6.1380","article-title":"Trait self and true self: Cross-role variation in the big-five personality traits and its relations with psychological authenticity and subjective well-being","volume":"73","author":"Sheldon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014755","article-title":"The social costs of emotional suppression: A prospective study of the transition to college","volume":"96","author":"Srivastava","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2023.06.001","article-title":"The influence of emotion regulation strategies and sleep quality on depression and anxiety","volume":"166","author":"Sullivan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022118763749","article-title":"Exploring cultural differences in expressive suppression and emotion recognition","volume":"49","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2021.102411","article-title":"Individual differences in emotion regulation prospectively predict early covid-19 related acute stress","volume":"81","author":"Tyra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0235","first-page":"78","article-title":"Effectiveness of emotion regulation training on stress, anxiety, and depression for doctors in emergency department during pandemic covid-19","volume":"17","author":"Valencia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proyeksi"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0280680","article-title":"Depression, anxiety, and stress among university students in Selangor, Malaysia during covid-19 pandemics and their associated factors","volume":"18","author":"Wong","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406_bb0245","article-title":"Exploring emotion regulation and perceived control as antecedents of anxiety and its consequences during covid-19 full remote learning","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"}],"container-title":["Acta Psychologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000169182500719X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000169182500719X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T20:57:25Z","timestamp":1785358645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S000169182500719X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S000169182500719X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-6918"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-6918","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The association between emotional regulation strategies and mental health outcomes among Malaysian undergraduates","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Acta Psychologica","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105406","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105406"}}