{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:57:23Z","timestamp":1791565043732,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Psychologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T08:16:02Z","timestamp":1767687362000},"page":"106144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Examining attention- deficit\/ hyperactivity disorder in endurance and ultra-endurance runners"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"262","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0074-3624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Volker","family":"Scheer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Valero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Encarna","family":"Valero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1247-6754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katja","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6436-6306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Rosemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2412-9103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beat","family":"Knechtle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0005","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders., DSM-5-TR","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115449","article-title":"Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: Umbrella review of evidence generated across the globe","volume":"328","author":"Ayano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.858147","article-title":"Evaluation of the German version of the adult attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder self-report screening scale for DSM-5 as a screening tool for adult attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in primary care","volume":"13","author":"Ballmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101583","article-title":"Mental health issues and psychological factors in athletes: Detection, management, effect on performance and prevention: American medical Society for Sports Medicine Position Statement\u2014Executive Summary","volume":"54","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0025","article-title":"Sports dietitians Australia and ultra sports science foundation joint position statement: A practitioner guide to the prevention and management of exercise-associated gastrointestinal perturbations and symptoms","author":"Costa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sports Med. Auckl. NZ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1080\/10826080802484264","article-title":"Screening for substance abuse among adolescents validity of the CAGE-AID in youth mental health care","volume":"44","author":"Couwenbergh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Substance Use & Misuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.01.022","article-title":"The world federation of ADHD international consensus statement: 208 evidence-based conclusions about the disorder","volume":"128","author":"Faraone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-022-00462-1","article-title":"Current state of knowledge on the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood according to the DSM-5: A systematic review in accordance with the PRISMA criteria","volume":"16","author":"Franc\u00e9s","year":"2022","journal-title":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3457","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-022-02383-8","article-title":"Anonymous online survey on disordered eating, drive for muscularity, sexual orientation, and satisfaction with life in young Swedish males","volume":"51","author":"Ghaderi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102411","article-title":"International Olympic Committee (IOC) sport mental health assessment tool 1 (SMHAT-1) and sport mental health recognition tool 1 (SMHRT-1): Towards better support of athletes\u2019 mental health","volume":"55","author":"Gouttebarge","year":"2021","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-100713","article-title":"Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in elite athletes: A narrative review","volume":"53","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2023-001575","article-title":"Neurodiversity in elite sport: A systematic scoping review","volume":"9","author":"Hoare","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s11689-025-09610-y","article-title":"Serotonin dysfunction in ADHD","volume":"17","author":"Jackson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.891585","article-title":"Sustaining optimal performance when the stakes could not be higher: Emotional awareness and resilience in emergency service personnel (with learnings for elite sport)","volume":"13","author":"Jacobs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713002419","article-title":"The effects of temporally secondary co-morbid mental disorders on the associations of DSM-IV ADHD with adverse outcomes in the US National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A)","volume":"44","author":"Kessler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.10.035","article-title":"Non-mental diseases associated with ADHD across the lifespan: Fidgety Philipp and Pippi Longstocking at risk of multimorbidity?","volume":"132","author":"Kittel-Schneider","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1024\/1661-8157.96.36.1351","article-title":"Running helps--or how you escape depression without a psychiatrist and end up running a marathon!","volume":"96","author":"Knechtle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Praxis (Bern 1994)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.620404","article-title":"Training and racing behavior of recreational runners by race distance\u2014Results from the NURMI study (step 1)","volume":"12","author":"Knechtle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2023-106994","article-title":"2023 International Olympic Committee\u2019s (IOC) consensus statement on relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs)","volume":"57","author":"Mountjoy","year":"2023","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0000000000000233","article-title":"Depression in ultra-endurance athletes, a review and recommendations","volume":"27","author":"Onate","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2020.106256","article-title":"Childhood exercise as medicine: Extracurricular sport diminishes subsequent ADHD symptoms","volume":"141","author":"Pagani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0110","article-title":"Potential inflammatory biomarker in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"23","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000001152","article-title":"Athletes with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: Position statement of the American medical society for sports medicine","volume":"33","author":"Pujalte","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-024-01667-w","article-title":"Identifying risk factors for attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A public health concern and opportunity","volume":"25","author":"Rattay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prevention Science: The Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-100715","article-title":"Mental health in elite athletes: International Olympic Committee consensus statement (2019)","volume":"53","author":"Reardon","year":"2019","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105313","article-title":"Genetic architecture of ADHD and overlap with other psychiatric disorders and cognition-related phenotypes","volume":"153","author":"Ribas\u00e9s","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0135","series-title":"Sports injuries","first-page":"2889","article-title":"Ultramarathon running injuries","author":"Scheer","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0000000000000198","article-title":"Participation trends of ultra endurance events","volume":"27","author":"Scheer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0145","first-page":"1","article-title":"Defining off-road running: A position statement from the Ultra Sports Science Foundation","author":"Scheer","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-021-01441-w","article-title":"Recommendations on youth participation in ultra-endurance running events: A consensus statement","author":"Scheer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0155","article-title":"Potential long-term health problems associated with ultra-endurance running: A narrative review","author":"Scheer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-021-01561-3","article-title":"Potential long-term health problems associated with ultra-endurance running: A narrative review","volume":"52","author":"Scheer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.23736\/S0022-4707.25.16998-3","article-title":"Screening for suicidal thoughts, attempts, and associated factors in endurance and ultra-endurance runners","author":"Scheer","year":"2025","journal-title":"The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0170","article-title":"Are endurance runners at higher risk of depression? Screening for depression and risk factors","author":"Scheer","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1619220","article-title":"Identifying anxiety and sleep problems, associated factors and sex differences in endurance and ultra-endurance runners","volume":"16","author":"Scheer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01809","article-title":"Changes in running economy during a 65-km ultramarathon","volume":"9","author":"Scheer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin-2019-0092","article-title":"Predicting competition performance in Short Trail running races with lactate thresholds","volume":"69","author":"Scheer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Human Kinetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01890-5","article-title":"Mental health in ultra-endurance runners: A systematic review","volume":"53","author":"Thuany","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.0298","article-title":"The World Health Organization adult attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder self-report screening scale for DSM-5","volume":"74","author":"Ustun","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0200","unstructured":"WADA (n.d.). WADA. WADA. Available at: https:\/\/www.wada-ama.org\/en (Accessed October 10, 2025)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053","article-title":"World medical association declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects","volume":"310","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Acta Psychologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001691825014581?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001691825014581?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:30:58Z","timestamp":1791563458000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001691825014581"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S0001691825014581"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-6918"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-6918","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Examining attention- deficit\/ hyperactivity disorder in endurance and ultra-endurance runners","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Acta Psychologica","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.106144","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106144"}}