{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T13:28:50Z","timestamp":1786973330684,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Government of Spain Ministry of Science and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2019-108092GA-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-108092GA-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Government of Spain Ministry of Science and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2023-152424NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2023-152424NB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003176","name":"Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n, Cultura y Deporte","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003176","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020636","name":"Government of Spain Ministry of Education Culture and Sports","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FPU22\/00322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU22\/00322"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Psychologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T23:08:40Z","timestamp":1769123320000},"page":"106325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A systematic review and meta-analysis of morphosyntactic skills in Williams syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"263","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Almer\u00eda-Morena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Romero-Rivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S1041-6080(99)80128-9","article-title":"Mental retardation general intelligence and modularity","volume":"10","author":"Anderson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Learning and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206314560412","article-title":"An introduction to Bayesian hypothesis testing for management research","volume":"41","author":"Andraszewicz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Management"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-127.5.390","article-title":"Block design performance in Williams syndrome: Visuospatial abilities or task approach skills?","volume":"127","author":"Back","year":"2022","journal-title":"American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S1041-6080(99)80129-0","article-title":"Does the study of autism justify minimalist innate modularity?","volume":"10","author":"Baron-Cohen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Learning and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/25152459221109259","article-title":"Adjusting for publication Bias in JASP and R: Selection models, PET-PEESE, and robust Bayesian meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Barto\u0161","year":"2022","journal-title":"Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1594","article-title":"Robust Bayesian meta-analysis: Model-averaging across complementary publication bias adjustment methods","volume":"14","author":"Barto\u0161","year":"2023","journal-title":"Research Synthesis Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1162\/089892900561959","article-title":"I. The neurocognitive profile of Williams syndrome: A complex pattern of strengths and weaknesses","volume":"12 Suppl 1","author":"Bellugi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0045","series-title":"Language development in exceptional circumstances","article-title":"Dissociation between language and cognitive functions in Williams syndrome","author":"Bellugi","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0050","series-title":"Encyclopedia of neuroscience","first-page":"1","article-title":"Williams syndrome: From cognition to brain to gene","author":"Bellugi","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0055","series-title":"Atypical cognitive deficits in developmental disorders: Implication for grain function","first-page":"23","article-title":"Williams syndrome: An unusual neuropsychological profile","author":"Bellugi","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/langcog.2017.6","article-title":"Morphology in Spanish-speaking children with Williams syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Ben\u00edtez Burraco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Language and Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2016.03.001","article-title":"Syntax in Spanish-speaking children with Williams syndrome","volume":"60","author":"Ben\u00edtez-Burraco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Communication Disorders"},{"issue":"56","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2815","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.02815","article-title":"effectsize: Estimation of effect size indices and standardized parameters","volume":"5","author":"Ben-Shachar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Open Source Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3917\/enf.553.0265","article-title":"La narration chez les enfants atteints du syndrome de Williams: Aspects structuraux et pragmatiques","volume":"55","author":"Bernicot","year":"2003","journal-title":"Enfance"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2014.08.010","article-title":"French Williams syndrome\u2019s ability to produce judgments of grammaticality","volume":"35","author":"Bertho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Research in Developmental Disabilities"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2009.07.019","article-title":"Gender attribution and gender agreement in French Williams syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Boloh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Research in Developmental Disabilities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0090","series-title":"The minimalist program","author":"Chomsky","year":"1995"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(98)00049-3","article-title":"Syntax and morphology in Williams syndrome","volume":"68","author":"Clahsen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0100","series-title":"Language competence across populations: Toward a definition of specific language impairment","first-page":"323","article-title":"Words and rules in children with William\u2019s syndrome","author":"Clahsen","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.09.045","article-title":"Key concepts in clinical epidemiology: Detecting and dealing with heterogeneity in meta-analyses","volume":"130","author":"Cordero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0110","author":"Del Re"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0115","author":"Del Re"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.20416","article-title":"\u201cEverybody in the world is my friend\u201d hypersociability in young children with Williams syndrome","volume":"124A","author":"Doyle","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13421","article-title":"Cross-sectional and longitudinal assessment of cognitive development in Williams syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Farran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0130","series-title":"The modularity of mind","author":"Fodor","year":"1983"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-60460-5","article-title":"Contrasting neurofunctional correlates of face- and visuospatial-processing in children and adolescents with Williams syndrome: Convergent results from four fMRI paradigms","volume":"14","author":"Garvey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1080\/87565649709540683","article-title":"Contrasting profiles of language development in children with Williams and down syndromes","volume":"13","author":"Harris","year":"1997","journal-title":"Developmental Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"7414","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb2140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in metaanalyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2025.106236","article-title":"Acoustic and phonological processes in Williams syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"175","author":"Hippolyte","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2010.07.013","article-title":"Grammatical gender vs. natural gender in French Williams syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Ibernon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Research in Developmental Disabilities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0155","series-title":"JASP (version 0.14.1) [computer software]","author":"JASP Team","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1080\/14417040701261517","article-title":"Language abilities in Williams syndrome: Exploring comprehension, production and repetition skills","volume":"9","author":"Joffe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Advances in Speech Language Pathology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1080\/02699200701541375","article-title":"Patterns of syntactic development in children with Williams syndrome and Down\u2019s syndrome: Evidence from passives and wh-questions","volume":"21","author":"Joffe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716411000695","article-title":"The use of cohesive markers in narratives by children with Williams syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Jones","year":"2013","journal-title":"Applied PsychoLinguistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1162\/089892900561968","article-title":"II. Hypersociability in Williams syndrome","volume":"12 Suppl 1","author":"Jones","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1080\/87565649709540693","article-title":"Crucial differences between developmental cognitive neuroscience and adult neuropsychology","volume":"13","author":"Karmiloff-Smith","year":"1997","journal-title":"Developmental Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(98)01230-3","article-title":"Development itself is the key to understanding developmental disorders","volume":"2","author":"Karmiloff-Smith","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014506","article-title":"Nativism versus neuroconstructivism: Rethinking the study of developmental disorders","volume":"45","author":"Karmiloff-Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0195","series-title":"Neurodevelopmental disorders across the lifespan: A neuroconstructivist approach","first-page":"1","article-title":"Williams syndrome: A model for the neuroconstructivist approach","author":"Karmiloff-Smith","year":"2012"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.2307\/1131848","article-title":"Language and Williams syndrome: How intact is \u201cintact\u201d?","volume":"68","author":"Karmiloff-Smith","year":"1997","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0205","series-title":"Williams syndrome","author":"Karmiloff-Smith","year":"2006"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00276-z","article-title":"Williams syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Kozel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Disease Primers"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0215","first-page":"59","article-title":"Morphological abilities of Hebrew-speaking adolescents with Williams syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Levy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Developmental Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.8781","article-title":"Evaluation of various estimators for standardized mean difference in meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Statistics in Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0225","author":"L\u00fcdecke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0230","series-title":"Neuroconstructivism-I: How the brain constructs cognition","author":"Mareschal","year":"2007"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroling.2009.10.002","article-title":"Narrative language in Williams syndrome and its neuropsychological correlates","volume":"23","author":"Marini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neurolinguistics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.01887.x","article-title":"Research review: Williams syndrome: A critical review of the cognitive, behavioral, and neuroanatomical phenotype","volume":"49","author":"Martens","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0245","series-title":"Neurodevelopmental disorders across the lifespan: A neuroconstructivist approach","first-page":"187","article-title":"Precursors to language and early language","author":"Mervis","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.20140","article-title":"Language and communicative development in Williams syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Mervis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0255","series-title":"Pediatric neuropsychology: Research, theory, and practice","article-title":"Williams syndrome","author":"Mervis","year":"2022"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.30263","article-title":"Cognitive and behavioral characteristics of children with Williams syndrome: Implications for intervention approaches","volume":"154C","author":"Mervis","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016341202513","article-title":"A linguistic dissociation in Williams syndrome: Good at gender agreement but poor at lexical retrieval","volume":"15","author":"Monnery","year":"2002","journal-title":"Reading and Writing"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1080\/15475440903507772","article-title":"Uncovering knowledge of core syntactic and semantic principles in individuals with Williams syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Musolino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Language Learning and Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0275","first-page":"873","article-title":"Linguistic phenotype in a sample of Arabic speaking children with Williams and Fragile X syndromes","volume":"15","author":"Nashaat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioscience Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0280","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1080\/10489223.2013.766742","article-title":"Comparison of grammar in neurodevelopmental disorders: The case of binding in Williams syndrome and autism with and without language impairment","volume":"20","author":"Perovic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Language Acquisition"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1080\/02699200701541409","article-title":"Complex grammar in Williams syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Perovic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2009\/07-0188)","article-title":"Development of verbal passive in Williams syndrome","volume":"53","author":"Perovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of speech, language, and hearing research: JSLHR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0300","series-title":"The language instinct","author":"Pinker","year":"1994"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.30261","article-title":"High prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in adults with Williams syndrome","volume":"154C","author":"Pober","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part C Seminars in Medical Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108366","article-title":"Neuroanatomical correlates of social approach in Williams syndrome and down syndrome","volume":"175","author":"Porter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-934X(03)00101-9","article-title":"\u201cFrog, where are you?\u201d Narratives in children with specific language impairment, early focal brain injury, and Williams syndrome","volume":"88","author":"Reilly","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroling.2005.06.002","article-title":"Distinct patterns of language impairment in Down\u2019s syndrome and Williams syndrome: The case of syntactic chains","volume":"18","author":"Ring","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Neurolinguistics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb2320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1017\/langcog.2023.33","article-title":"Beyond the conservative hypothesis: a meta-analysis of lexical-semantic processing in Williams syndrome \u2013 ERRATUM","volume":"15","author":"Romero-Rivas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Language and Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0325","author":"RStudio Team"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0330","series-title":"Parallel distributed processing, volume 1: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition: Foundations","author":"Rumelhart","year":"1986"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579420001480","article-title":"Choices, challenges, and constraints: A pragmatic examination of the limits of mental age matching in empirical research","volume":"33","author":"Russo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroling.2004.01.002","article-title":"Williams syndrome and specific language impairment do not support claims for developmental double dissociations and innate modularity","volume":"17","author":"Stojanovik","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Neurolinguistics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716417000212","article-title":"Artificial grammar learning in Williams syndrome and in typical development: The role of rules, familiarity, and prosodic cues","volume":"39","author":"Stojanovik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Applied PsychoLinguistics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/088307380201700406","article-title":"Prevalence estimation of Williams syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Str\u00f8mme","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Child Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(03)00049-0","article-title":"People with Williams syndrome process faces holistically","volume":"89","author":"Tager-Flusberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0360","series-title":"Modelling typical and atypical cognitive development","author":"Thomas","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0365","series-title":"Language acquisition across linguistic and cognitive systems","first-page":"67","article-title":"Language acquisition in developmental disorders","author":"Thomas","year":"2010"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-7687.00311","article-title":"Multiple causality in developmental disorders: Methodological implications from computational modelling","volume":"6","author":"Thomas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.110.4.647","article-title":"Modeling language acquisition in atypical phenotypes","volume":"110","author":"Thomas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-835X.2010.02015.x","article-title":"Variability and standardized test profiles in typically developing children and children with Williams syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Van Herwegen","year":"2011","journal-title":"The British Journal of Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617704106073","article-title":"Neuropsychological profile of Italians with Williams syndrome: An example of a dissociation between language and cognition?","volume":"10","author":"Vicari","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society: JINS"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(96)80037-2","article-title":"Linguistic abilities in Italian children with Williams syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Volterra","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2007.00567.x","article-title":"Neuroconstructivism","volume":"10","author":"Westermann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2005\/007)","article-title":"Knowledge of constraints on compounding in children and adolescents with Williams syndrome","volume":"48","author":"Zukowski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of speech, language, and hearing research: JSLHR"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/01690960801966118","article-title":"Elicited production of relative clauses in children with Williams syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Zukowski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Language and Cognitive Processes"}],"container-title":["Acta Psychologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001691826001241?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001691826001241?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T13:05:28Z","timestamp":1786971928000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001691826001241"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":82,"alternative-id":["S0001691826001241"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-6918"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-6918","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of morphosyntactic skills in Williams syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Acta Psychologica","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106325","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106325"}}