{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T16:05:40Z","timestamp":1790438740841,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Psychologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:46:42Z","timestamp":1777448802000},"page":"106943","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effect of a mindfulness-integrated positive psychology course on digital detox and smartphone addiction in nursing students"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"266","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8803-1754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aamer","family":"Aldbyani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.33899\/mjn.2017.160048","article-title":"Prevalence of mobile phone addiction among students in the Institute of Technology of Kut","volume":"5","author":"Abed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mosul Journal of Nursing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11010014","article-title":"Adverse effects of smartphone addiction among university students in South Korea: A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Achangwa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0015","series-title":"The role of mindfulness and digital detox to adolescent nomophobia. In","author":"Aini","year":"2021"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.9734\/JSRR\/2015\/12245","article-title":"Smartphone addiction among university undergraduates: A literature review","volume":"4","author":"Al-Barashdi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Scientific Research & Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-025-03485-3","article-title":"Mindfulness and problematic smartphone use: Indirect and conditional associations via self-regulated learning and digital detox","volume":"13","author":"Aldbyani","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0030","article-title":"Dispositional mindfulness is associated with lower smartphone addiction through digital life balance among Chinese university students","volume":"16","author":"Aldbyani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-019-00186-y","article-title":"Relationships between early maladaptive schemas and smartphone addiction: The moderating role of mindfulness","volume":"19","author":"Arpaci","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191107313003","article-title":"FFMQ-15: 15-item five-facet mindfulness questionnaire","volume":"15","author":"Baer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0045","series-title":"Global innovations in physical education and health","first-page":"203","article-title":"Harmonizing body and mind: Investigating the combined impact of yoga and mindfulness meditation on depression, anxiety, stress","author":"Barua","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0050","series-title":"Mindful Media: Mental Health Challenges in the Digital Age","first-page":"14","article-title":"Mindful living in the digital era","author":"Bhatia","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.750511","article-title":"Preference for solitude and Mobile phone addiction among Chinese college students: The mediating role of psychological distress and moderating role of mindfulness","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.3390\/clockssleep2030026","article-title":"Mindfulness and smartphone addiction before going to sleep among college students: The mediating roles of self-control and rumination","volume":"2","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clocks & sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-011-0050-9","article-title":"The five facet mindfulness questionnaire: Psychometric properties of the Chinese version","volume":"2","author":"Deng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2023.101487","article-title":"Smartphone addiction, stress, and depression among university students","volume":"25","author":"Elamin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0075","series-title":"Business drivers in promoting digital detoxification","first-page":"111","article-title":"Exploring the impact of digital detoxification on higher education students\u2019 learning","author":"Garg","year":"2024"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0080","first-page":"70","article-title":"The relationship between smartphone addiction, mindfulness, and impulsivity","volume":"26","author":"Gwak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addiction Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0085","first-page":"1113","article-title":"Development and psychometric properties of digital detoxification scale","volume":"4","author":"Imran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Development and Social Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2022.0288","article-title":"The relationship between perceived stress and smartphone addiction: The mediating effect of rumination and the mediated moderating effect of mindfulness","volume":"21","author":"Jeong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investigation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1080\/03069885.2022.2046255","article-title":"Mindfulness, impulsivity and psychological distress: The mediation role of smartphone addiction","volume":"50","author":"Kayi\u015f","year":"2022","journal-title":"British Journal of Guidance & Counselling"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph22020237","article-title":"Smartphone addiction, screen time, and physical activity of different academic majors and study levels in university students","volume":"22","author":"Kumban","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083558","article-title":"The smartphone addiction scale: Development and validation of a short version for adolescents","volume":"8","author":"Kwon","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.5455\/aim.2019.27.133-138","article-title":"Use of smart phones and social media in medical education: Trends, advantages, challenges and barriers","volume":"27","author":"Latif","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta informatica medica"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0115","first-page":"114","article-title":"Mindfulness mitigates the adverse effects of problematic smartphone use on academic self-efficacy","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Educational Technology & Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0120","series-title":"Mindfulness Techniques For Digital Wellbeing","author":"Meegasdeniya","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0125","series-title":"Disconnect to reconnect: The phenomenon of digital detox as a reaction to technology overload","author":"Miksch","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-022-00747-x","article-title":"Digital Detox","volume":"64","author":"Milad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Business & Information Systems Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0135","series-title":"Knowledge work \u2018unplugged\u2019-digital detox effects on ICT demands, job performance and satisfaction","author":"Mirbabaie","year":"2022"},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0140","first-page":"1720","article-title":"The impact of digital detox on mental well-being: A study of psychological resilience in the age of social media","volume":"2","author":"Mursaleen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Contemporary Journal of Social Science Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0145","series-title":"Empirical studies of contemplative practices","first-page":"181","article-title":"Trait mindfulness and problematic smartphone use","author":"Owen","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0150","series-title":"Mobile and ubiquitous learning: An international handbook","first-page":"19","article-title":"Mindfulness in mobile and ubiquitous learning: Harnessing the power of attention","author":"Palalas","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1177\/20501579211028647","article-title":"Digital detox: An effective solution in the smartphone era? A systematic literature review","volume":"10","author":"Radtke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mobile Media & Communication"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0160","series-title":"Is it time for a social media detox? Understanding the journey of intermittent discontinuance of Instagram among","author":"Scheppe","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0165","article-title":"Digital detox strategies and mental health: A comprehensive scoping review of why, where, and how","volume":"17","author":"Setia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.5539\/ass.v14n11p83","article-title":"Impact of smartphone: A review on positive and negative effects on students","volume":"14","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian Social Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-017-0698-x","article-title":"A review of interactive technologies as support tools for the cultivation of mindfulness","volume":"8","author":"Sliwinski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0180","series-title":"Cultivating digital mindfulness in an era of constant connection: A phenomenological exploration of college students\u2019 digital detox","author":"Stanovsek","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0185","series-title":"Digital detox: The politics of disconnecting","author":"Syvertsen","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0190","series-title":"Contemporary management and global leadership for sustainability","first-page":"56","article-title":"Mindfulness of digital detoxification: Healthy lifestyle in tourism","author":"Talukder","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0195","series-title":"Mindfulness-based approaches to problematic technology use","author":"Thomas","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbr.2025.100653","article-title":"Mindfulness-based approaches to problematic technology use: A scoping review","volume":"18","author":"Thomas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior Reports"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0205","first-page":"72","article-title":"Cultivating digital mindfulness: Buddhist practices for navigating social media and enhancing well-being","volume":"1","author":"Uthaphan","year":"2024","journal-title":"\u0e27\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e27\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e21\u0e28\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e15\u0e23\u0e4c \u0e2a\u0e21\u0e31\u0e22\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e48 (Online)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0210","series-title":"In","article-title":"Problematic smartphone use: Digital approaches to an emerging public health problem","volume":"Vol. 4","author":"Van Velthoven","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.669042","article-title":"Excessive smartphone use is associated with health problems in adolescents and young adults","volume":"12","author":"Wacks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0220","series-title":"Mindful phone use","author":"Weissinger","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.06.002","article-title":"Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving","volume":"99","author":"Wilcockson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0230","series-title":"Research on intervention approaches to assist with digital detox","author":"YUTING","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0235","article-title":"Effectiveness of brief online mindfulness-based intervention on different types of mobile phone addiction: Mechanisms of influence of trait mindfulness","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0278092","article-title":"Translation and psychometric evaluation of smartphone addiction scale\u2014Short version (SAS-SV) among Chinese college students","volume":"17","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Acta Psychologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001691826007444?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001691826007444?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T04:25:38Z","timestamp":1779423938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001691826007444"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0001691826007444"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-6918"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-6918","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of a mindfulness-integrated positive psychology course on digital detox and smartphone addiction in nursing students","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Acta Psychologica","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106943","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106943"}}