{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T10:32:50Z","timestamp":1793097170919,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Psychologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T09:08:06Z","timestamp":1790068086000},"page":"107858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Growth and fixed mindsets and later exhaustion\u2013cynicism in adolescents: Prospective associations involving goal clarity\/commitment and self-regulated learning"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"270","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9621-506X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doehee","family":"Ahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7528-4850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yile","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.84.3.261","article-title":"Classrooms: Goals, structures, and student motivation","volume":"84","author":"Ames","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1177\/1362168820933190","article-title":"The role of growth mindset, self-efficacy and intrinsic value in self-regulated learning and English language learning achievements","volume":"27","author":"Bai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Language Teaching Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.system.2025.103592","article-title":"Mindset profiles and their relationship with self-regulated learning strategy use and English learning achievement: The predictive role of environmental factors","volume":"129","author":"Bai","year":"2025","journal-title":"System"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0020","series-title":"Testing structural equation models","first-page":"136","article-title":"Alternative ways of assessing model fit","author":"Browne","year":"1993"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000368","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of growth mindset interventions: For whom, how, and why might such interventions work?","volume":"149","author":"Burnette","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029531","article-title":"Mindsets matter: A meta-analytic review of implicit theories and self-regulation","volume":"139","author":"Burnette","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701301834","article-title":"Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0040","series-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1080\/21507686.2024.2341335","article-title":"School burnout in adolescents: What are the roles of emotional autonomy and setting life goals?","volume":"15","author":"Demir Kaya","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0050","series-title":"Self-theories: Their role in motivation, personality, and development","author":"Dweck","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0055","series-title":"Mindset: The new psychology of success","author":"Dweck","year":"2006"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.95.2.256","article-title":"A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality","volume":"95","author":"Dweck","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691618804166","article-title":"Mindsets: A view from two eras","volume":"14","author":"Dweck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.80.3.501","article-title":"A 2 \u00d7 2 achievement goal framework","volume":"80","author":"Elliot","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378101800104","article-title":"Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error","volume":"18","author":"Fornell","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-014-0403-8","article-title":"A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling","volume":"43","author":"Henseler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-025-02952-1","article-title":"Modeling the relationships between growth language mindset, L2 grit, and foreign language learning burnout","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0095","first-page":"69","article-title":"The mediating effects of self-regulated learning strategies in the relationship between mindsets and adaptation to college among Chinese international students [in Korean]","volume":"16","author":"Hwang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Global Studies Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.933334","article-title":"The mediating role of academic passion in determining the relationship between academic self-regulation and goal orientation with academic burnout among English foreign language (EFL) learners","volume":"13","author":"Izadpanah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4009","DOI":"10.13189\/ujer.2020.080926","article-title":"A structural relationship among growth mindset, academic grit, and academic burnout as perceived by Korean high school students","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Universal Journal of Educational Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1177\/0143034318766206","article-title":"The effects of psychological maladjustments on predicting development trajectories of academic burnout","volume":"39","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"School Psychology International"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.57.9.705","article-title":"Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey","volume":"57","author":"Locke","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1080\/03075079.2015.1135117","article-title":"Examining students\u2019 self-set goals for self-regulated learning: Goal properties and patterns","volume":"42","author":"McCardle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Studies in Higher Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1520912","article-title":"Family functionality as a mediator in the relationship between humanization and academic burnout in adolescents","volume":"15","author":"Molina Moreno","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101385","article-title":"Developmental heterogeneity of school burnout across the transition from upper secondary school to higher education: A 9-year follow-up study","volume":"107","author":"Nadon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of School Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.82.1.33","article-title":"Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance","volume":"82","author":"Pintrich","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.88.5.879","article-title":"Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies","volume":"88","author":"Podsakoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.29252\/ieepj.2.1.13","article-title":"Predicting academic burnout based on achievement goals and self-regulated learning","volume":"2","author":"Poorgholamy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iranian Evolutionary Educational Psychology Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/19312458.2012.679848","article-title":"Advantages of Monte Carlo confidence intervals for indirect effects","volume":"6","author":"Preacher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Communication Methods and Measures"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i02","article-title":"Lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling","volume":"48","author":"Rosseel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022102033005003","article-title":"Burnout and engagement in university students: A cross-national study","volume":"33","author":"Schaufeli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1007\/s12564-011-9164-y","article-title":"Cultural validation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory for Korean students","volume":"12","author":"Shin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Education Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797617739704","article-title":"To what extent and under which circumstances are growth mind-sets important to academic achievement? Two meta-analyses","volume":"29","author":"Sisk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0175","article-title":"Profiles of perfectionism, achievement emotions, and academic burnout in South Korean adolescents: Testing the 2 \u00d7 2 model of perfectionism","volume":"90","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Learning and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-019-00998-0","article-title":"Building grit: The longitudinal pathways between mindset, commitment, grit, and academic outcomes","volume":"48","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0185","series-title":"Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues and applications","first-page":"56","article-title":"Structural equation models with nonnormal variables: Problems and remedies","author":"West","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2025.1539639","article-title":"A review of the relationship between student growth mindset and self-regulated learning","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0195","series-title":"The study on the development and validation of self-regulated learning model","author":"Yang","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2024.104578","article-title":"A metaanalysis of the relationship between growth mindset and mental health in Chinese samples","volume":"251","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"issue":"7774","key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1466-y","article-title":"A national experiment reveals where a growth mindset improves achievement","volume":"573","author":"Yeager","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2020.101901","article-title":"Same mindset, different goals and motivational frameworks: Profiles of mindset-based meaning systems","volume":"62","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Contemporary Educational Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858_bb0215","series-title":"Handbook of self-regulation","first-page":"13","article-title":"Attaining self-regulation: A social cognitive perspective","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2000"}],"container-title":["Acta Psychologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001691826016598?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001691826016598?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T09:40:44Z","timestamp":1793094044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001691826016598"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0001691826016598"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-6918"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-6918","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Growth and fixed mindsets and later exhaustion\u2013cynicism in adolescents: Prospective associations involving goal clarity\/commitment and self-regulated learning","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Acta Psychologica","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.107858","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107858"}}