{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:31:17Z","timestamp":1761708677943,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.es","elsevier.es","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Actas Dermo-Sifiliogr\u00e1ficas"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,7]],"date-time":"2011-07-07T04:02:11Z","timestamp":1310011331000},"page":"100-110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["La biopsia cut\u00e1nea: bases fundamentales. Parte II"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Llamas-Velasco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.E.","family":"Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1966.01600260110018","article-title":"Artifacts in dermal histopathology","volume":"94","author":"Mehregan","year":"1966","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1999.tb01810.x","article-title":"Histopathology of an adverse reaction to a eutectic mixture of the local anesthetics lidocaine and prilocaine","volume":"26","author":"Hoss","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"year":"1997","series-title":"Atlas of microscopic artifacts and foreign materials","author":"Yeh","key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.2000.99246.x","article-title":"Artifacts in frozen section preparation","volume":"26","author":"Desciak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s001050050882","article-title":"The skin biopsy","volume":"50","author":"Weyers","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hautarzt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0030","series-title":"Pathology of the skin","first-page":"17","article-title":"Specimen preparatio","author":"Rapini","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1097\/01.dad.0000158295.17792.dc","article-title":"Exogenous and endogenous cutaneous anomalies and curiosities","volume":"27","author":"Del Rosario","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0040","first-page":"11","article-title":"Dermatologie einmal anders. Die Biopsie des Melanoms","volume":"2","author":"Weyers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pink and Blue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(99)70528-1","article-title":"Clinical and dermatoscopic criteria for the preoperative evaluation of cutaneous melanoma thickness","volume":"40","author":"Argenziano","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.84","article-title":"The impact of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy on the diagnostic accuracy of lentigo maligna and equivocal pigmented and nonpigmented macules of the face","volume":"130","author":"Guitera","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0055","first-page":"301","article-title":"The evolution of melanoma diagnosis: 25 years beyond the ABCDs","volume":"60","author":"Rigel","year":"2010","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.1992.tb00184.x","article-title":"Sensitivity of diagnosis of malignant melanoma: a clinicopathologic study with a critical assessment of biopsy techniques","volume":"1","author":"Witheiler","year":"1992","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-198306000-00001","article-title":"Shave biopsies: the good and right, the bad and wrong","volume":"5","author":"Ackerman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(18)30455-8","article-title":"Vasculitis","volume":"8","author":"Lawley","year":"1990","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"year":"1997","series-title":"Lever's Histopathology of the Skin","author":"Elder","key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0075"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0b013e3181b7bf90","article-title":"Distinct pattern of direct immunofluorescence in livedoid vasculopathy","volume":"32","author":"Hsiao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-7310(06)73450-0","article-title":"Diagnostic methods in autoimmune subepidermal bullous diseases","volume":"97","author":"Campos Dom\u00ednguez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Actas Dermosifiliogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(05)70415-6","article-title":"The blistering diseases","volume":"82","author":"Scott","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S1085-5629(99)80006-6","article-title":"When to request immunofluorescence: practical hints","volume":"18","author":"Morrison","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-5945-4-10","article-title":"Enhanced diagnostic immunofluorescence using biopsies transported in saline","volume":"4","author":"Vodegel","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.117518","article-title":"Immunofluorescence in dermatology","volume":"45","author":"Mutasim","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2009.12.002","article-title":"How to take skin biopsies for epidermolysis bullosa","volume":"28","author":"Intong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-7310(07)70090-X","article-title":"Michel's transport medium for immunofluorescence","volume":"98","author":"Piqu\u00e9-Dur\u00e1n","year":"2007","journal-title":"Actas Dermosifiliogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(85)80035-9","article-title":"Effect of anatomic region on immunofluorescence diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid","volume":"12","author":"Weigand","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2010.08.007","article-title":"Modern diagnosis of autoimmune blistering skin diseases","volume":"10","author":"Schmidt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sder.2008.12.005","article-title":"Diagnosis of hair disorders","volume":"28","author":"Hillmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.09008.x","article-title":"How not to get scar(r)ed: pointers to the correct diagnosis in patients with suspected primary cicatricial alopecia","volume":"160","author":"Harries","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0140","first-page":"2340","article-title":"Protocolo de alopecia","volume":"48","author":"Llamas-Velasco","year":"2010","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1007\/s001050050771","article-title":"Scar forming alopecia. Comments on classification, differential diagnosis and pathobiology","volume":"49","author":"Hermes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hautarzt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S1040-0486(96)80003-2","article-title":"Evaluation of hair loss","volume":"8","author":"Sperling","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr Probl Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0155","unstructured":"Olsen EA. Diagnosis and treatment. Disorders of hair growth. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002. p. 67\u20138."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0160","first-page":"977","article-title":"Hair diseases: diagnosis and therapy","volume":"86","author":"Trueb","year":"1997","journal-title":"Praxis (Bern 1994)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0165","first-page":"11","article-title":"Check-listen zur Diagnostik und Therapie von Haarkrankheiten","volume":"6","author":"Bon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dermatologica Helvetica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-7310(08)74758-6","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of nail biopsy: a study of 15 cases","volume":"99","author":"Barrera-Vigo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Actas Dermosifiliogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1992.tb02000.x","article-title":"Nail biopsy. Indications and methods","volume":"18","author":"Rich","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Dermatol Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0180","first-page":"529","article-title":"American Academy of Dermatology","volume":"34","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0185","first-page":"17","article-title":"Excision and biopsy procedures","volume":"63","author":"Haneke","year":"1988","journal-title":"Z Hautkr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0190","first-page":"1599","article-title":"How I do it. In a pinch","volume":"30","author":"Krathen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(86)80352-8","article-title":"The 30-gauge needle: a versatile surgical instrument","volume":"14","author":"King","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.03099.x","article-title":"Nail melanoma: a review of the literature with recommendations to improve patient management","volume":"141","author":"Banfield","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/00042728-200502000-00013","article-title":"Nail biopsy: assessment of indications and outcome","volume":"31","author":"Grover","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0210","first-page":"350","article-title":"Ultrastructural studies of the skin in Hurler's syndrome","volume":"88","author":"DeCloux","year":"1969","journal-title":"Arch Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1997.tb00224.x","article-title":"CADASIL: skin biopsy allows diagnosis in early stages","volume":"95","author":"Ebke","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0220","first-page":"723","article-title":"Skin biopsy: a valuable aid for the diagnosis of rare neurologic disorders","volume":"126","author":"Corcia","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03023.x","article-title":"Report of a joint task force of the European Federation of Neurological Societies and the Peripheral Nerve Society","volume":"17","author":"Lauria","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181f39cf4","article-title":"Quantification of pilomotor nerves: a new tool to evaluate autonomic involvement in diabetes","volume":"75","author":"Nolano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2008.03096.x","article-title":"Skin biopsy for the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy","volume":"54","author":"Lauria","year":"2009","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10040","article-title":"Diagnosis of dystrophinopathy by skin biopsy","volume":"25","author":"Niiyama","year":"2002","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2006.03.008","article-title":"RT-PCR for detection of all seven genotypes of Lyssavirus genus","volume":"135","author":"V\u00e1zquez-Moron","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.143.5.663-a","article-title":"Antemortem diagnosis of rabies via nuchal skin biopsy","volume":"143","author":"P\u00e9rez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2010.04344.x","article-title":"Prenatal diagnosis of genodermatoses: current scope and future capabilities","volume":"49","author":"Luu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0223(200005)20:5<371::AID-PD818>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"DNA based prenatal testing for the skin blistering disorder epidermolysis bullosa simplex","volume":"20","author":"Rugg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-1811(98)00045-0","article-title":"Prenatal diagnosis as a test for genodermatoses: its past, present and future","volume":"19","author":"Shimizu","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0797","article-title":"Linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis and Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly: a novel association","volume":"90","author":"Llamas-Velasco","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1988.tb00538.x","article-title":"Diagnosis of Lafora disease by skin biopsy","volume":"15","author":"White","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.12.2372","article-title":"Sweat gland vacuoles in Unverricht-Lundborg disease: a clue to diagnosis?","volume":"44","author":"Cochius","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1089\/152091501750219994","article-title":"Skin biopsy as a tool to assess distal small fiber innervation in diabetic neuropathy","volume":"3","author":"Polydefkis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"}],"container-title":["Actas Dermo-Sifiliogr\u00e1ficas"],"original-title":[],"language":"es","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001731011002778?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001731011002778?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T00:58:10Z","timestamp":1757552290000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001731011002778"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0001731011002778"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-7310"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0001-7310"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"La biopsia cut\u00e1nea: bases fundamentales. Parte II","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Actas Dermo-Sifiliogr\u00e1ficas","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ad.2011.05.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2011 Elsevier Espa\u00f1a, S.L. and AEDV. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}