{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T21:39:51Z","timestamp":1785879591914,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017655","name":"Incyte Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017655","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.es","elsevier.es","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Actas Dermo-Sifiliogr\u00e1ficas"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T15:58:28Z","timestamp":1765209508000},"page":"104543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ruxolitinib in the Treatment of Vitiligo. The Importance of the JAK STAT Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8816-1989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.L.","family":"L\u00f3pez Estebaranz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Segurado Miravalles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Ros Abarca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60763-7","article-title":"Vitiligo","volume":"386","author":"Ezzedine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.11","article-title":"Vitiligo","volume":"1","author":"Picardo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1159\/000506103","article-title":"Vitiligo: a review","volume":"236","author":"Bergqvist","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.10.048","article-title":"New discoveries in the pathogenesis and classification of vitiligo","volume":"77","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2012.00997.x","article-title":"Revised classification\/nomenclature of vitiligo and related issues: the Vitiligo Global Issues Consensus Conference","volume":"25","author":"Ezzedine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15743","article-title":"Vitiligo: a focus on pathogenesis and its therapeutic implications","volume":"48","author":"Bergqvist","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05377.x","article-title":"A review of the worldwide prevalence of vitiligo in children\/adolescents and adults","volume":"51","author":"Kruger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18257","article-title":"Vitiligo prevalence and quality of life among adults in Europe, Japan and the USA","volume":"36","author":"Bibeau","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2016.11.014","article-title":"Vitiligo pathogenesis and emerging treatments","volume":"35","author":"Rashighi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.1998.00384.x","article-title":"Impact of life events on the onset of vitiligo in adults: preliminary evidence for a psychological dimension in aetiology","volume":"23","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13677","article-title":"The convergence theory for vitiligo: a reappraisal","volume":"28","author":"Kundu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054910","article-title":"Vitiligo, from pathogenesis to therapeutic advances: state of the art","volume":"24","author":"Diotallevi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2020.06.004","article-title":"The genetic basis of vitiligo","volume":"141","author":"Spritz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2016.11.013","article-title":"Genetics of vitiligo","volume":"35","author":"Spritz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.13064","article-title":"Varicella-zoster virus in actively spreading segmental vitiligo skin: pathological, immunochemical, and ultrastructural findings (a first and preliminary study)","volume":"36","author":"Gauthier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19451","article-title":"Worldwide expert recommendations for the diagnosis and management of vitiligo: position statement from the International Vitiligo Task Force Part 1: towards a new management algorithm","volume":"37","author":"van Geel","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.10229","article-title":"Updates and new medical treatments for vitiligo (Review)","volume":"22","author":"Kubelis-Lopez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3203","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557521666210325120233","article-title":"Janus kinase inhibitors: a review of their application in the vitiligo","volume":"21","author":"Niu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mini Rev Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2018.02.012","article-title":"JAK\/STAT inhibitors and other small molecule cytokine antagonists for the treatment of allergic disease","volume":"120","author":"Howell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02342","article-title":"Targeting the Janus kinase family in autoimmune skin diseases","volume":"10","author":"Howell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2118828","article-title":"Two phase 3, randomized, controlled trials of ruxolitinib cream for vitiligo","volume":"387","author":"Rosmarin","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0570","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of ruxolitinib cream for the treatment of vitiligo by patient demographics and baseline clinical characteristics: week 52 pooled subgroup analysis from two randomized phase 3 studies","volume":"188","author":"Seneschal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0575","series-title":"American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) Annual Meeting","article-title":"Facial and total vitiligo area scoring index response shift during 104 weeks of ruxolitinib cream treatment for vitiligo: results from the open-label arm of the TRuE-V long-term extension phase 3 study (abstract 46163)","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2022.05.1093","article-title":"Addition of narrow-band UVB phototherapy to ruxolitinib cream in patients with vitiligo","volume":"142","author":"Pandya","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0585","series-title":"American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) Annual Meeting","article-title":"Relapse and maintenance of clinical response in the randomized withdrawal arm of the TRuE-V long-term extension phase 3 study of ruxolitinib cream in vitiligo (abstract 46159)","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-024-03267-8","article-title":"A meta-analysis of therapeutic trials of topical ruxolitinib cream for the treatment of vitiligo: therapeutic efficacy, safety, and implications for therapeutic practice","volume":"316","author":"Hussein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2016.09.008","article-title":"Understanding mechanisms of autoimmunity through translational research in vitiligo","volume":"43","author":"Strassner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2013.10.010","article-title":"Innate immune mechanisms in vitiligo: danger from within","volume":"25","author":"Richmond","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-100919-023531","article-title":"Vitiligo: mechanisms of pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"38","author":"Frisoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30609-7","article-title":"Ruxolitinib cream for treatment of vitiligo: a randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"396","author":"Rosmarin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.09.015","article-title":"Vitiligo skin T cells are prone to produce type 1 and type 2 cytokines to induce melanocyte dysfunction and epidermal inflammatory response through jak signaling","volume":"142","author":"Martins","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.011","article-title":"Oxidative stress-induced IL-15 trans-presentation in keratinocytes contributes to CD8(+) T cells activation via JAK-STAT pathway in vitiligo","volume":"139","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aam7710","article-title":"Antibody blockade of IL-15 signaling has the potential to durably reverse vitiligo","volume":"10","author":"Richmond","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2640","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13908","article-title":"Elevated serum level of interleukin-15 in vitiligo patients and its correlation with disease severity but not activity","volume":"20","author":"Atwa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2019.11.011","article-title":"Control of memory CD8(+) T cell longevity and effector functions by IL-15","volume":"117","author":"Nolz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900027","article-title":"The role of memory CD8(+) T cells in vitiligo","volume":"203","author":"Riding","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.790125","article-title":"Janus kinase inhibitors in the treatment of vitiligo: a review","volume":"12","author":"Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.08.038","article-title":"Vitiligo skin is imprinted with resident memory CD8 T cells expressing CXCR3","volume":"138","author":"Boniface","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.133772","article-title":"Type-1 cytokines regulate MMP-9 production and E-cadherin disruption to promote melanocyte loss in vitiligo","volume":"5","author":"Boukhedouni","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljad148","article-title":"Impact of house dust mite in vitiligo skin: environmental contribution to increased cutaneous immunity and melanocyte detachment","volume":"189","author":"Bzioueche","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09963-8","article-title":"Innate lymphocyte-induced CXCR3B-mediated melanocyte apoptosis is a potential initiator of T-cell autoreactivity in vitiligo","volume":"10","author":"Tulic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-021-02228-9","article-title":"Systemic CXCL10 is a predictive biomarker of vitiligo lesional skin infiltration, PUVA, NB-UVB and corticosteroid treatment response and outcome","volume":"314","author":"El-Domyati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102868","article-title":"Emerging role of tissue resident memory T cells in vitiligo: from pathogenesis to therapeutics","volume":"20","author":"Shah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15604","article-title":"Clinical visible signs of disease activity in vitiligo: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"van Geel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0685","series-title":"Diagnosis and Management of Vitiligo From the Perspectives of Patients and Healthcare Professionals: Findings From the Global VALIANT Study","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30747-9","article-title":"First step in a new era for treatment of patients with vitiligo","volume":"396","author":"Passeron","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2016.11.007","article-title":"Medical and maintenance treatments for vitiligo","volume":"35","author":"Passeron","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08337-4","article-title":"Early-onset autoimmune vitiligo associated with an enhancer variant haplotype that upregulates class II HLA expression","volume":"10","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2019.06.131","article-title":"Pediatric to adult shift in vitiligo onset suggests altered environmental triggering","volume":"140","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12186","article-title":"Latent class analysis of a series of 717 patients with vitiligo allows the identification of two clinical subtypes","volume":"27","author":"Ezzedine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljad245","article-title":"Exploring the natural and treatment history of vitiligo: perceptions of patients and healthcare professionals from the global VALIANT study","volume":"189","author":"Hamzavi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2005.00242.x","article-title":"Early disease onset and increased risk of other autoimmune diseases in familial generalized vitiligo","volume":"18","author":"Laberge","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.05.027","article-title":"The majority of patients presenting with vitiligo have a clinical sign of activity","volume":"77","author":"Aboul-Fettouh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.17150","article-title":"Addition of oral minipulse dexamethasone to narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy and topical steroids helps arrest disease activity in patients with vitiligo","volume":"180","author":"Tovar-Garza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1159\/000439563","article-title":"A retrospective study of methylprednisolone mini-pulse therapy combined with narrow-band UVB in non-segmental vitiligo","volume":"232","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12561","article-title":"Repigmentation in vitiligo: position paper of the Vitiligo Global Issues Consensus Conference","volume":"30","author":"Gan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2016.11.015","article-title":"Repigmentation through melanocyte regeneration in vitiligo","volume":"35","author":"Birlea","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.11197.x","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of vitiligo: the European Dermatology Forum consensus","volume":"168","author":"Taieb","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.11.010","article-title":"Current and emerging treatments for vitiligo","volume":"77","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2019.0696","article-title":"Treatment outcomes of topical calcineurin inhibitor therapy for patients with vitiligo: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"155","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.527","article-title":"Maintenance therapy of adult vitiligo with 0.1% tacrolimus ointment: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"135","author":"Cavalie","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.07.027","article-title":"TSLP down-regulates S100A7 and ss-defensin 2 via the JAK2\/STAT3-dependent mechanism","volume":"136","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.08.042","article-title":"Treatment of atopic dermatitis with ruxolitinib cream (JAK1\/JAK2 inhibitor) or triamcinolone cream","volume":"145","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173505","article-title":"Preclinical characterization of itacitinib (INCB039110), a novel selective inhibitor of JAK1, for the treatment of inflammatory diseases","volume":"885","author":"Covington","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13071044","article-title":"Developing a JAK inhibitor for targeted local delivery: ruxolitinib cream","volume":"13","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0790","article-title":"Effect of ruxolitinib cream on achievement of VASI50 by body region: week 52 pooled analysis of the TRuE-V phase 3 studies","volume":"188","author":"Passeron","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.986918","article-title":"Advances in vitiligo: update on therapeutic targets","volume":"13","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.05.043","article-title":"Repigmentation in vitiligo using the Janus kinase inhibitor tofacitinib may require concomitant light exposure","volume":"77","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.13290","article-title":"Oral tofacitinib: a promising treatment in atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata and vitiligo","volume":"42","author":"Vu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/15593258221105370","article-title":"Baricitinib is effective in treating progressing vitiligo in vivo and in vitro","volume":"20","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dose Response"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.11.005","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of oral ritlecitinib for the treatment of active nonsegmental vitiligo: a randomized phase 2b clinical trial","volume":"88","author":"Ezzedine","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0820","series-title":"American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) Annual Meeting","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of povorcitinib for extensive vitiligo: results from a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging phase 2b study","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0825","series-title":"American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) Annual Meeting","article-title":"Efficacy of povorcitinib for the treatment of vitiligo by patient demographics and baseline clinical characteristics: week 52 subgroup analysis from a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2b clinical trial","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-021-00631-6","article-title":"Psychosocial effects of vitiligo: a systematic literature review","volume":"22","author":"Ezzedine","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15255","article-title":"Association of vitiligo with hospitalization for mental health disorders in US adults","volume":"33","author":"Patel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14739","article-title":"The prevalence and odds of depression in patients with vitiligo: a meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1981","article-title":"Stigmatisation, avoidance behaviour and difficulties in coping are common among adult patients with vitiligo","volume":"95","author":"Kruger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7176.135385","article-title":"Psychiatric morbidity and quality of life in vitiligo patients","volume":"36","author":"Ramakrishna","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2004.02059.x","article-title":"What patients with vitiligo believe about their condition","volume":"43","author":"Firooz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18129","article-title":"The humanistic burden of vitiligo: a systematic literature review of quality-of-life outcomes","volume":"36","author":"Picardo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2016.11.002","article-title":"Quality of life, burden of disease, co-morbidities, and systemic effects in vitiligo patients","volume":"35","author":"Elbuluk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2023.2787","article-title":"Mental health and psychosocial quality-of-life burden among patients with vitiligo: findings from the Global VALIANT Study","volume":"159","author":"Bibeau","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0875","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018652","article-title":"Views and experiences of seeking information and help for vitiligo: a qualitative study of written accounts","volume":"8","author":"Teasdale","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0880","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12598","article-title":"Development of evidence-based consensus on critical issues in the management of patients with vitiligo: a modified Delphi study","volume":"37","author":"Bae","year":"2021","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2012.05656.x","article-title":"Disease-related behavioral patterns and experiences affect quality of life in children and adolescents with vitiligo","volume":"53","author":"Kruger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0890","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15936","article-title":"Quality of life in patients with vitiligo using the Short Form-36","volume":"177","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2024.4676","article-title":"Real-world evidence for vitiligo using an electronic medical records database in Spain: the REVEAL-ES study","volume":"34","author":"Estebaranz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0900","first-page":"620","article-title":"Effectiveness of topical corticosteroid, topical calcineurin inhibitors and combination of them in the treatment of vitiligo","volume":"25","author":"Roy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mymensingh Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2875","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S455602","article-title":"Topical tacrolimus in vitiligo: consensus paper from the pigmentary disorders society","volume":"17","author":"Sarkar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2025.103352","article-title":"Value of tacrolimus 0.1% in the treatment of vitiligo in the era of targeted therapy","volume":"152","author":"Duplaine","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta24640","article-title":"Home-based narrowband UVB, topical corticosteroid or combination for children and adults with vitiligo: HI-light vitiligo three-arm RCT","volume":"24","author":"Batchelor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543_bib0920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19592","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of topical corticosteroid and home-based narrowband ultraviolet B for active and limited vitiligo: results of the HI-Light Vitiligo Trial","volume":"184","author":"Thomas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Actas Dermo-Sifiliogr\u00e1ficas"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001731025008191?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001731025008191?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T14:42:39Z","timestamp":1781188959000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001731025008191"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0001731025008191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-7310"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-7310","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ruxolitinib in the Treatment of Vitiligo. The Importance of the JAK STAT Pathway","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Actas Dermo-Sifiliogr\u00e1ficas","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ad.2025.104543","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 AEDV. Published by Elsevier Espa\u00f1a, S.L.U.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104543"}}