{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T20:48:12Z","timestamp":1793047692448,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","jada.ada.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of the American Dental Association"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T12:19:25Z","timestamp":1617020365000},"page":"434-443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["The association of apical periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"Nathan","family":"Yip","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuwen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashraf F.","family":"Fouad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib2","first-page":"689","article-title":"RAGE mRNA expression and its correlation with nuclear factor kappa beta mRNA expression in inflamed human periradicular tissues","volume":"34","author":"Crabtree","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endod"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1998.3.1.51","article-title":"Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus: a two-way relationship","volume":"3","author":"Grossi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Periodontol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib4","first-page":"43","article-title":"The effect of diabetes mellitus on endodontic treatment outcome: data from an electronic patient record","volume":"134","author":"Fouad","year":"2003","journal-title":"JADA"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib5","first-page":"1623","article-title":"Healing of apical periodontitis after nonsurgical treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"43","author":"Arya","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endod"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-016-1805-4","article-title":"Association between diabetes and the prevalence of radiolucent periapical lesions in root-filled teeth: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Segura-Egea","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Impact of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary artery disease on tooth extraction after nonsurgical endodontic treatment","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endod"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib9","first-page":"1355","article-title":"Healing of apical periodontitis after nonsurgical root canal treatment: the role of statin intake","volume":"44","author":"Alghofaily","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endod"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib10","first-page":"65","article-title":"Intracanal metformin promotes healing of apical periodontitis via suppressing inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and\u00a0monocyte recruitment","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endod"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib14","first-page":"331","article-title":"Hospital-based emergency department visits involving dental conditions: profile and predictors of poor outcomes and resource utilization","volume":"145","author":"Allareddy","year":"2014","journal-title":"JADA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib15","first-page":"250","article-title":"Hospital-based emergency department visits with periapical abscess: updated estimates from 7 years","volume":"45","author":"Rampa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endod"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib16","first-page":"1104","article-title":"Outcomes of hospitalizations attributed to periapical abscess from 2000 to 2008: a longitudinal trend analysis","volume":"39","author":"Shah","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endod"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-019-03094-6","article-title":"The association between smoking and periapical periodontitis: a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Aminoshariae","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S276","DOI":"10.2337\/dcS13-2023","article-title":"Obesity paradox does exist","volume":"36","author":"Hainer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2013.10.016","article-title":"Overview of epidemiology and contribution of obesity to cardiovascular disease","volume":"56","author":"Bastien","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib20","first-page":"388","article-title":"Effect of metformin on different non-diabetes related conditions, a special focus on malignant conditions: review of literature","volume":"9","author":"Abdelgadir","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Med Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib21","first-page":"56","article-title":"Metformin use in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib22","first-page":"943","article-title":"Protective effect of metformin on periapical lesions in rats by decreasing the ratio of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand\/osteoprotegerin","volume":"38","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endod"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1002\/term.2470","article-title":"Metformin induces osteoblastic differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Tissue Eng Regen Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2018.02.369","article-title":"Functional organic cation transporters mediate osteogenic response to metformin in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells","volume":"20","author":"Al Jofi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1121","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00245.2019","article-title":"Amelioration of metabolic syndrome by metformin associates with reduced indices of low-grade inflammation independently of the gut microbiota","volume":"317","author":"Adeshirlarijaney","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2975","article-title":"Is metformin poised for a second career as an antimicrobial?","volume":"34","author":"Malik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13055","article-title":"Simvastatin alleviates bone resorption in apical periodontitis possibly by inhibition of mitophagy-related osteoblast apoptosis","volume":"52","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib28","first-page":"757","article-title":"Simvastatin alleviates the progression of periapical lesions by modulating autophagy and apoptosis in osteoblasts","volume":"38","author":"Lai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endod"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib29","first-page":"657","article-title":"Simvastatin as a novel strategy to alleviate periapical lesions","volume":"35","author":"Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endod"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib30","first-page":"370","article-title":"Influence of diabetes in the development of apical periodontitis: a critical literature review of human studies","volume":"43","author":"Tib\u00farcio-Machado","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endod"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib31","first-page":"295","article-title":"The environment and disease: association or causation?","volume":"58","author":"Hill","year":"1965","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13253","article-title":"Association between diabetes and the outcome of root canal treatment in adults: an umbrella review","volume":"53","author":"Nagendrababu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Endodontic J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib33","first-page":"1438","article-title":"Association of end-stage renal disease with radiographically and clinically diagnosed apical periodontitis: a hospital-based study","volume":"43","author":"Khalighinejad","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endod"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib34","first-page":"1427","article-title":"Association between systemic diseases and apical periodontitis","volume":"42","author":"Khalighinejad","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endod"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12136","article-title":"Relationships between oral infections and blood glucose concentrations or HbA1c levels in normal and diabetic rats","volume":"47","author":"Cintra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005_bib37","first-page":"601","article-title":"Glycated hemoglobin levels and prevalence of apical periodontitis in type\u00a02 diabetic patients","volume":"41","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Dom\u00ednguez","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endod"}],"container-title":["The Journal of the American Dental Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002817721000374?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002817721000374?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T09:54:10Z","timestamp":1762077250000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002817721000374"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002817721000374"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-8177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-8177","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The association of apical periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of the American Dental Association","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.01.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 American Dental Association. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}