{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:16:04Z","timestamp":1791317764016,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,8,3]],"date-time":"2027-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1817251200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":367,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR001102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR001102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1 DE18814"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 DE18814"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005440","name":"National Institutes of Health Center for Scientific Review","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50 HL083813"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 HL083813"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","jada.ada.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of the American Dental Association"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.12.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T20:29:54Z","timestamp":1770323394000},"page":"819-827","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Omega-3 fatty acids and oral and systemic inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"157","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0376-0996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bushra","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8880-2563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralph","family":"Daher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y. Natalie","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francine K.","family":"Welty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.12.013_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2001","article-title":"The immune system in atherosclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Hansson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.12.013_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3785","article-title":"Periodontitis: from microbial immune subversion to systemic inflammation","volume":"15","author":"Hajishengallis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.12.013_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7614","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35337-8","article-title":"An umbrella review of the evidence linking oral health and systemic noncommunicable diseases","volume":"13","author":"Botelho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.12.013_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12398","article-title":"Oral health\u2019s inextricable connection to systemic health: special populations bring to bear multimodal relationships and factors connecting periodontal disease to systemic diseases and conditions","volume":"87","author":"Kapila","year":"2021","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.12.013_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s10266-023-00831-y","article-title":"A diet rich in omega-3 fatty acid improves periodontitis and tissue destruction by MMP2- and MMP9-linked inflammation in a murine model","volume":"112","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Alva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Odontology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.12.013_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.006981","article-title":"Effect of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids added to statin therapy on coronary artery plaque in patients with coronary artery disease: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"6","author":"Alfaddagh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.12.013_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2019.04.213","article-title":"An omega-3 fatty acid plasma index \u22654% prevents progression of coronary artery plaque in patients with coronary artery disease on statin treatment","volume":"285","author":"Alfaddagh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.12.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.080385","article-title":"Levels of serum interleukin (IL)-6 and gingival crevicular fluid of IL-1beta and prostaglandin E(2) among non-smoking subjects with gingivitis and type 2 diabetes","volume":"80","author":"Andriankaja","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.12.013_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a016303","article-title":"The chemokine system in innate immunity","volume":"7","author":"Sokol","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.12.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23841.x","article-title":"Chemokines: key players in innate and adaptive immunity","volume":"125","author":"Esche","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.12.013_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2009.03.012","article-title":"Macrophage inflammatory protein-1\u03b2 induced cell adhesion with increased intracellular reactive oxygen species","volume":"47","author":"Tatara","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.12.013_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6567","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186567","article-title":"CCL4 inhibition in atherosclerosis: effects on plaque stability, endothelial cell adhesiveness, and macrophages activation","volume":"21","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.12.013_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63154-9","article-title":"Of mice and dogs: species-specific differences in the inflammatory response following myocardial infarction","volume":"164","author":"Dewald","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.12.013_bib14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evidence of handedness and related dental hygiene on oral health","volume":"1","author":"Aydintu\u011f","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Forensic Res Criminal Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.12.013_bib15","first-page":"24","article-title":"Plaque removal ability in left- and right-handed patients in different parts of the oral cavity","volume":"4","author":"Kadkhodazadeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Adv Periodontol Implant Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.12.013_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6874144","article-title":"Powered toothbrushes: an opportunity for biofilm and gingival inflammation control","author":"R\u00f6sing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Dent"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.12.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(90)90089-2","article-title":"Mitogenic action of interleukin-1\u03b1 on vascular smooth muscle cells mediated by PDGF","volume":"84","author":"Ikeda","year":"1990","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.12.013_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830050509","article-title":"Regulation of the immune response by subclasses of T lymphocytes, II: the effect of adult thymectomy upon humoral and cellular responses in mice","volume":"5","author":"Simpson","year":"1975","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.12.013_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.4149\/BLL_2021_078","article-title":"Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, past, present and future perspectives","volume":"122","author":"Zahorec","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bratisl Med J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.12.013_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2760","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9092760","article-title":"The relationship between hematological markers of systemic inflammation and ultrasound disease activity parameters in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"9","author":"Targo\u0144ska-St\u0119pniak","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.12.013_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1159\/000437005","article-title":"Relationship of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and serum albumin levels with C-reactive protein in hemodialysis patients: results from 2 international cohort studies","volume":"130","author":"Malhotra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.12.013_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2703518","article-title":"Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and cardiovascular disease risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2018","author":"Angkananard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.12.013_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2022.102397","article-title":"The omega-3 index is inversely associated with the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in adults","volume":"177","author":"McBurney","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.12.013_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20160474","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: from molecules to man","volume":"45","author":"Calder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.12.013_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlr.2025.100770","article-title":"Inflammatory markers after supplementation with marine n-3 or plant n-6 PUFAs: a randomized double-blind crossover study","volume":"66","author":"Grytten","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.12.013_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.114.205443","article-title":"Fish-oil\u2013derived n\u20133 PUFAS reduce inflammatory and chemotactic adipokine-mediated cross-talk between co-cultured murine splenic CD8+T cells and adipocytes1\u20133","volume":"145","author":"Monk","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.12.013_bib27","article-title":"Abstract 19: Dental flossing may lower the risk for incident ischaemic stroke, cardio-embolic stroke subtype and atrial fibrillation\u2014findings from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study","volume":"56","author":"Sen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stroke"}],"container-title":["The Journal of the American Dental Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002817725007573?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002817725007573?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:21:40Z","timestamp":1786648900000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002817725007573"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002817725007573"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.12.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-8177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-8177","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Omega-3 fatty acids and oral and systemic inflammation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of the American Dental Association","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.12.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 American Dental Association. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}