{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T14:01:01Z","timestamp":1789394461075,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,14]],"date-time":"2016-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addictive Behaviors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,6]],"date-time":"2016-01-06T17:18:59Z","timestamp":1452100739000},"page":"50-55","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A dangerous cocktail: Alcohol consumption increases suicidal ideations among problem gamblers in the general population"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Hyoun S.","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Salmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.A.","family":"Wohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0005","series-title":"Problem gambling, mental health and suicide: A literature review","author":"Alberta Health Services","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0010","series-title":"Australia's gambling industries: Inquiry report","author":"Australian Productivity Commission","year":"1999"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb9000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023057027992","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and self-control of gambling behaviour","volume":"15","author":"Baron","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-006-9022-z","article-title":"Suicide ideation and behavior in people with pathological gambling attending a treatment service","volume":"4","author":"Battersby","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/sltb.12162","article-title":"Suicide ideations, suicide attempts, and completed suicide in persons with pathological gambling and their first\u2010degree relatives","volume":"45","author":"Black","year":"2015","journal-title":"Suicide and Life-threatening Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379303800207","article-title":"Epidemiology of pathological gambling in Edmonton","volume":"38","author":"Bland","year":"1993","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1080\/14459790802140007","article-title":"Withdrawal and tolerance phenomenon in problem gambling","volume":"8","author":"Blaszczynski","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-011-0393-5","article-title":"Gender differences in suicide methods","volume":"47","author":"Callanan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-014-9483-0","article-title":"Problem gambling among Ontario students: Associations with substance abuse, mental health problems, suicide attempts, and delinquent behaviours","volume":"31","author":"Cook","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379804300104","article-title":"Psychiatric comorbidity in pathological gambling: A critical review","volume":"43","author":"Crockford","year":"1998","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009428122460","article-title":"Problem gambling and comorbid psychiatric and substance use disorders among drug users recruited from drug treatment and community settings","volume":"16","author":"Cunningham-Williams","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-005-3101-0","article-title":"Alcohol's effects on video lottery terminal (VLT) play among probable pathological and non-pathological gamblers","volume":"21","author":"Ellery","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-005-3029-4","article-title":"Motivators for change and barriers to help-seeking in Australian problem gamblers","volume":"21","author":"Evans","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0065","series-title":"The Canadian problem gambling index: User manual","author":"Ferris","year":"2001"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.8.807","article-title":"Prevalence and co-occurrence of substance use disorders and independent mood and anxiety disorders: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions","volume":"61","author":"Grant","year":"2004","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.177.6.484","article-title":"Sex and suicide gender differences in suicidal behaviour","volume":"177","author":"Hawton","year":"2000","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.3.924","article-title":"Computational procedures for probing interactions in OLS and logistic regression: SPSS and SAS implementations","volume":"41","author":"Hayes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490600754366","article-title":"Risk factors for suicide ideation and attempts among pathological gamblers","volume":"15","author":"Hodgins","year":"2006","journal-title":"The American Journal on Addictions"},{"issue":"9806","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62185-X","article-title":"Gambling disorders","volume":"378","author":"Hodgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1080\/15325024.2014.897573","article-title":"The impact of previous suicide ideations, traumatic stress, and gender on future suicide ideation trajectories among Black American adolescents: A longitudinal investigation","volume":"20","author":"Hooper","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Loss and Trauma"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0908","article-title":"Suicide attempts among veterans seeking treatment for pathological gambling","volume":"64","author":"Kausch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2015.1078391","article-title":"Predictors of help-seeking for gambling disorder from the transtheoretical model perspective","volume":"15","author":"Kowatch","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Gambling Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.19.2.175","article-title":"Self-reported gambling-related suicidality among gambling helpline callers","volume":"19","author":"Ledgerwood","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2550-7","article-title":"Similarities and differences between pathological gambling and substance use disorders: A focus on impulsivity and compulsivity","volume":"219","author":"Leeman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0120","series-title":"Suicide in Canada","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1177\/0002716284474001013","article-title":"Pathological gambling: Roots, phases, and treatment","volume":"474","author":"Lesieur","year":"1984","journal-title":"The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03300.x","article-title":"Prevalence of comorbid disorders in problem and pathological gambling: Systematic review and meta-analysis of population surveys","volume":"106","author":"Lorains","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1521\/suli.33.1.88.22781","article-title":"Pathological gambling and suicidality: An analysis of severity and lethality","volume":"33","author":"MacCallum","year":"2003","journal-title":"Suicide and Life-threatening Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12197","article-title":"Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in five groups with different severities of gambling: Findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions","volume":"24","author":"Moghaddam","year":"2015","journal-title":"The American Journal on Addictions"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(94)90062-0","article-title":"Gender differences in completed and attempted suicides","volume":"4","author":"Mo\u015bcicki","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annals of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1521\/suli.33.1.80.22785","article-title":"A population\u2010based study of the association between pathological gambling and attempted suicide","volume":"33","author":"Newman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Suicide and Life-threatening Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370705200909","article-title":"The association between pathological gambling and attempted suicide: Findings from a national survey in Canada","volume":"52","author":"Newman","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.040113","article-title":"Cross-national prevalence and risk factors for suicidal ideation, plans and attempts","volume":"192","author":"Nock","year":"2008","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n0504","article-title":"Comorbidity of DSM-IV pathological gambling and other psychiatric disorders: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions","volume":"66","author":"Petry","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-200207000-00007","article-title":"Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in treatment-seeking pathological gamblers","volume":"190","author":"Petry","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-005-3098-4","article-title":"Characteristics of gambling helpline callers with self-reported gambling and alcohol use problems","volume":"21","author":"Potenza","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-008-9112-x","article-title":"Reasons for seeking help for a gambling problem: The experiences of gamblers who have sought specialist assistance and the perceptions of those who have not","volume":"25","author":"Pulford","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e3280106868","article-title":"Suicide risk in mood disorders","volume":"20","author":"Rihmer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.11.1249","article-title":"Anxiety disorders and risk for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts: A population-based longitudinal study of adults","volume":"62","author":"Sareen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x","article-title":"Development of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT). WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption-II","volume":"88","author":"Saunders","year":"1993","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0200","first-page":"168","article-title":"Updating and refining prevalence estimates of disordered gambling behaviour in the United States and Canada","volume":"92","author":"Shaffer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Revue canadienne de sant\u00e9 publique"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.7.666","article-title":"Common genetic vulnerability for pathological gambling and alcohol dependence in men","volume":"57","author":"Slutske","year":"2000","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0210","series-title":"Canadian Community Health Survey","author":"Statistics Canada","year":"2013"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2008.59.11.1343","article-title":"Treatment seeking among Ontario problem gamblers: Results of a population survey","volume":"59","author":"Suurvali","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016620513381","article-title":"Brief communications: Gender differences in gambling progression","volume":"17","author":"Tavares","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.3109\/00952991003721118","article-title":"Pathological gambling and substance use disorders","volume":"36","author":"Wareham","year":"2010","journal-title":"The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2001.62.706","article-title":"Alcohol and gambling pathology among US adults: Prevalence, demographic patterns and comorbidity","volume":"62","author":"Welte","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-010-9186-0","article-title":"Where did all the pathological gamblers go? Gambling symptomatology and stage of change predict attrition in longitudinal research","volume":"27","author":"Wohl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1981.tb03238.x","article-title":"Cessation of high frequency gambling and \u2018withdrawal\u2019 symptoms","volume":"76","author":"Wray","year":"1981","journal-title":"British Journal of Addiction"}],"container-title":["Addictive Behaviors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306460315301015?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306460315301015?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,16]],"date-time":"2018-09-16T10:20:25Z","timestamp":1537093225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306460315301015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0306460315301015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4603"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4603","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A dangerous cocktail: Alcohol consumption increases suicidal ideations among problem gamblers in the general population","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Addictive Behaviors","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}