{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T23:50:04Z","timestamp":1783641004984,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addictive Behaviors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,21]],"date-time":"2020-06-21T01:34:26Z","timestamp":1592703266000},"page":"106515","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Resilience is associated with importance of quitting in homeless adult smokers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Morayo","family":"Akande","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Cioe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Glasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntu095","article-title":"Smoking reductions and increased self-efficacy in a randomized controlled trial of smoking abstinence-contingent incentives in residential substance abuse treatment patients","volume":"16","author":"Alessi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2004.03.010","article-title":"Smoking behavior and interest in quitting among homeless smokers","volume":"29","author":"Arnsten","year":"2004","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12292","article-title":"Homelessness, cigarette smoking and desire to quit: Results from a US national study","volume":"108","author":"Baggett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addiction (Abingdon, England)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1301935","article-title":"Tobacco use among homeless people\u2014Addressing the neglected addiction","volume":"369","author":"Baggett","year":"2013","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5375-z","article-title":"Subsistence difficulties are associated with more barriers to quitting and worse abstinence outcomes among homeless smokers: Evidence from two studies in Boston, Massachusetts","volume":"18","author":"Baggett","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.10.5.360","article-title":"The Contemplation Ladder: Validation of a measure of readiness to consider smoking cessation","volume":"10","author":"Biener","year":"1991","journal-title":"Health Psychology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntu088","article-title":"Predicting quit attempts among homeless smokers seeking cessation treatment: An ecological momentary assessment study","volume":"16","author":"Businelle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0040","unstructured":"CDC. (2019). Current Cigarette Smoking Among Adults in the United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tobacco\/data_statistics\/fact_sheets\/adult_data\/cig_smoking\/index.htm."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.04439","article-title":"High-risk smoking behaviors and barriers to smoking cessation among homeless individuals","volume":"61","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respiratory Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cocks, N., Brophy, L., Segan, C., Stratford, A., Jones, S., & Castle, D. (2019). Psychosocial factors affecting smoking cessation among people living with schizophrenia: A lived experience lens. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 565\u2013565. PubMed.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00565"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1617-9625-8-7","article-title":"Determinants of resilience to cigarette smoking among young Australians at risk: An exploratory study","volume":"8","author":"Colgan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tobacco Induced Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2017.09.007","article-title":"Content analysis of homeless smokers\u2019 perspectives on established and alternative smoking interventions","volume":"51","author":"Collins","year":"2018","journal-title":"The International Journal on Drug Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1002\/da.10113","article-title":"Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC)","volume":"18","author":"Connor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0070","first-page":"369","article-title":"Smoking cessation in a homeless population: There is a will, but is there a way?","volume":"17","author":"Connor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0075","article-title":"Underserved and overlooked: Tobacco addiction among the homeless population (2017)","author":"Cork","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tobacco Control Legal Consortium"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1080\/10911359.2017.1282912","article-title":"Studies of resilience among youth experiencing homelessness: A systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Cronley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(93)90036-9","article-title":"Barriers to treatment: Why alcohol and drug abusers delay or never seek treatment","volume":"18","author":"Cunningham","year":"1993","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0090","unstructured":"Davidson, J. (2018). Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) Manual. Unpublished. cd-risc.com."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.12722","article-title":"Are resilience and perceived stress related to social support and housing stability among homeless adults with mental illness?","volume":"27","author":"Durbin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health and Social Care in the Community"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0100","article-title":"Disaster resilience: Can the homeless afford it?","volume":"29","author":"Every","year":"2014","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Emergency Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0105","article-title":"Glasser and Hirsch respond","volume":"e1","author":"Glasser","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027511431989","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Connor-Davidson resilience scale with older American Indians: The native elder care study","volume":"35","author":"Goins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Research on Aging"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774511423947","article-title":"Designing a smoking cessation intervention for the unique needs of homeless persons: A community-based randomized clinical trial","volume":"8","author":"Goldade","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Trials (London, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldstein, A. L., Faulkner, B., & Wekerle, C. (2013). The relationship among internal resilience, smoking, alcohol use, and depression symptoms in emerging adults transitioning out of child welfare. Special Issue on Risk and Resilience in the Context of Child Maltreatment (Part 1), 37(1), 22\u201332.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2012.08.007"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2019.305289","article-title":"Uneven access to smoke-free laws and policies and its effect on health equity in the United States: 2000\u20132019","volume":"109","author":"Hafez","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x","article-title":"The Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence: A revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire","volume":"86","author":"Heatherton","year":"1991","journal-title":"British Journal of Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0135","unstructured":"Homeless Management Information System. (n.d.). HUD Exchange. Retrieved 30 April 2020, from https:\/\/www.hudexchange.info\/programs\/hmis\/."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0140","first-page":"36","article-title":"Resilience in homeless adults: A review of literature","volume":"17","author":"Jones","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of National Black Nurses\u2019 Association: JNBNA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0145","first-page":"31","article-title":"Resilience and smoking: The implications for general practitioners and other primary healthcare practitioners","volume":"20","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Quality in Primary Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mc Gee, S. L., H\u00f6ltge, J., Maercker, A., & Thoma, M. V. (2018). Sense of coherence and stress-related resilience: Investigating the mediating and moderating mechanisms in the development of resilience following stress or adversity. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 378\u2013378. PubMed.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00378"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2018.01.034","article-title":"Risk and resilience among young adults experiencing homelessness: A typology for service planning","volume":"86","author":"Narendorf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/bs9060064","article-title":"Factors that promote resilience in homeless children and adolescents in Ghana: A qualitative study","volume":"9","author":"Oppong Asante","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pilcher, J. J., & Bryant, S. A. (2016). Implications of social support as a self-control resource. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 10, 228\u2013228. PubMed.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2016.00228"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.10.025","article-title":"Trends in self-efficacy to quit and smoking urges among homeless smokers participating in a smoking cessation RCT","volume":"78","author":"Pinsker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.2001.00033.x","article-title":"Correlates of resilience in homeless adolescents","volume":"33","author":"Rew","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Nursing Scholarship"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-017-0125-2","article-title":"Is there room for resilience? A scoping review and critique of substance use literature and its utilization of the concept of resilience","volume":"12","author":"Rudzinski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-1186","article-title":"The transtheoretical model (TTM) questionnaire for smoking cessation: Psychometric properties of the Iranian version","volume":"13","author":"Sarbandi","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1080\/15532739.2017.1374226","article-title":"I\u2019m more driven now: Resilience and resistance among transgender and gender expansive youth and young adults experiencing homelessness","volume":"19","author":"Shelton","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Transgenderism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0195","article-title":"Smoking amongst adults experiencing homelessness: A systematic review of prevalence rates, interventions and the barriers and facilitators to quitting and staying quit","volume":"1\u201315","author":"Soar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Smoking Cessation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0200","unstructured":"St. John, T. (2018). Tobacco Companies Made a Habit of Targeting People with Mental Illness. Arundel lodge behavioural health. https:\/\/www.arundellodge.org\/tobacco-companies-made-a-habit-of-targeting-people-with-mental-illness\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-015-0040-2","article-title":"Attitudes toward smoking cessation among sheltered homeless parents","volume":"40","author":"Stewart","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0210","unstructured":"Tobacco Industry Marketing. (n.d.). American Lung Association. Retrieved 18 February 2020, from https:\/\/www.lung.org\/stop-smoking\/smoking-facts\/tobacco-industry-marketing.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0215","unstructured":"Treatment, C. for S. A. (2005). 5 Stages of Treatment. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US). https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK64208\/."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/dau087","article-title":"Is resilience relevant to smoking abstinence for Indigenous Australians?","volume":"30","author":"Tsourtos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Promotion International"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006414","article-title":"Perceived barriers to smoking cessation in selected vulnerable groups: A systematic review of the qualitative and quantitative literature","volume":"4","author":"Twyman","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0230","first-page":"165","article-title":"Development and psychometric evaluation of the Resilience Scale","volume":"1","author":"Wagnild","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Nursing Measurement"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.3109\/10826084.2015.1110176","article-title":"Relationships between stress, negative emotions, resilience, and smoking: Testing a moderated mediation model","volume":"51","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Substance Use & Misuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ward, P. R., Muller, R., Tsourtos, G., Hersh, D., Lawn, S., Winefield, A. H., & Coveney, J. (2011). Additive and subtractive resilience strategies as enablers of biographical reinvention: A qualitative study of ex-smokers and never-smokers. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 72(7), 1140\u20131148.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.01.023"}],"container-title":["Addictive Behaviors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306460320306456?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306460320306456?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T18:41:17Z","timestamp":1759689677000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306460320306456"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0306460320306456"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4603"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4603","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Resilience is associated with importance of quitting in homeless adult smokers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Addictive Behaviors","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106515","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106515"}}