{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:28:44Z","timestamp":1792042124753,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addictive Behaviors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T04:57:40Z","timestamp":1637902660000},"page":"107193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A meta-analytic review of Internet gaming disorder and the Big Five personality factors"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Peter K.H.","family":"Chew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0005","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0010","article-title":"Adapting the short form of the internet gaming disorder scale into Turkish: Validity and reliability","volume":"6","author":"Ar\u0131cak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2017.0011","article-title":"Age of initiation and internet gaming disorder: The role of self-esteem","volume":"20","author":"Beard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0020","series-title":"Introduction to Meta-Analysis","author":"Borenstein","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.08.033","article-title":"Integrating psychological and neurobiological considerations regarding the development and maintenance of specific Internet-use disorders: An Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model","volume":"71","author":"Brand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.09.041","article-title":"Personality and video gaming: Comparing regular gamers, non-gamers, and gaming addicts and differentiating between game genres","volume":"55","author":"Braun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/15213269.2012.756374","article-title":"Gaming addiction, gaming engagement, and psychological health complaints among Norwegian adolescents","volume":"16","author":"Brunborg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Media Psychology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0040","article-title":"Evaluating the quality of evidence for gaming disorder: A summary of systematic reviews of associations between gaming disorder and depression or anxiety","volume":"15","author":"Carras","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-6566(02)00578-0","article-title":"Personality predicts academic performance: Evidence from two longitudinal university samples","volume":"37","author":"Chamorro-Premuzic","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Personality"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1080\/01449290903401978","article-title":"Validating the distinction between computer addiction and engagement: Online game playing and personality","volume":"29","author":"Charlton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behaviour & Information Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988318766950","article-title":"Internet gaming disorder: An emergent health issue for men","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"American Journal of Men\u2019s Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0060","series-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0065","series-title":"Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual","author":"Costa","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dieris-Hirche, J., Pape, M., te Wildt, B. T., Kehyayan, A., Esch, M., Aicha, S., Herpertz, S., & Bottel, L. (2020). Problematic gaming behavior and the personality traits of video gamers: A cross-sectional survey. Computers in Human Behavior, 106, 1\u201311. http:\/\/dx.doi.org.elibrary.jcu.edu.au\/10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106272.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106272"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e011458","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011458","article-title":"Development of a critical appraisal tool to assess the quality of cross-sectional studies (AXIS)","volume":"6","author":"Downes","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.91.1.40","article-title":"A meta-analytic investigation of conscientiousness in the prediction of job performance: Examining the intercorrelations and the incremental validity of narrow traits","volume":"91","author":"Dudley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"issue":"449","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0085","first-page":"89","article-title":"A nonparametric \u201ctrim and fill\u201d method of accounting for publication bias in meta-analysis","volume":"95","author":"Duval","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2000.00455.x","article-title":"Trim and fill: A simple funnel-plot\u2013based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Duval","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"7109","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12016","article-title":"Problematic computer game use among adolescents, younger and older adults","volume":"108","author":"Festl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-017-0159-6","article-title":"Personality and internet gaming disorder: A systematic review of recent literature","volume":"4","author":"Gervasi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current Addiction Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2005.08.007","article-title":"The international personality item pool and the future of public-domain personality measures","volume":"40","author":"Goldberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Personality"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.4018\/ijgbl.2011100103","article-title":"Social interactions in online gaming","volume":"1","author":"Griffiths","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Game-Based Learning"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13057","article-title":"Working towards an international consensus on criteria for assessing internet gaming disorder: A critical commentary on Petry et al (2014)","volume":"111","author":"Griffiths","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"7414","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0130","first-page":"2032","article-title":"Addictive use due to personality: Focused on big five personality traits and game addiction","volume":"9","author":"Jeong","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0135","unstructured":"Jones, K. (2020, July 15). Online gaming: The rise of a multi-billion dollar industry. Visual Capitalist. https:\/\/www.visualcapitalist.com\/online-gaming-the-rise-of-a-multi-billion-dollar-industry\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.30786\/jef.543339","article-title":"The effect of conscientiousness and gender on digital game addiction in high school students","volume":"18","author":"Kesici","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Education and Future"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-0836-3","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the 7-item Game Addiction Scale among French and German speaking adults","volume":"16","author":"Khazaal","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-011-9318-5","article-title":"Internet gaming addiction: A systematic review of empirical research","volume":"10","author":"Kuss","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1159\/000355832","article-title":"Investigating risk factors for internet gaming disorder: A comparison of patients with addictive gaming, pathological gamblers and healthy controls regarding the Big Five personality traits","volume":"20","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Addiction Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2004.11.003","article-title":"Attachment dimensions and the big five personality traits: Associations and comparative ability to predict relationship quality","volume":"40","author":"Noftle","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Personality"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2020.110290","article-title":"Extraversion, loneliness, and problematic game use: A longitudinal study","volume":"168","author":"Ok","year":"2021","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0170","first-page":"1","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2007.0140","article-title":"Problematic usage among highly-engaged players of massively multiplayer online role playing games","volume":"11","author":"Peters","year":"2008","journal-title":"CyberPsychology & Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-6918(70)90105-8","article-title":"Stimulation seeking behaviour and extraversion","volume":"32","author":"Philipp","year":"1970","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.12.006","article-title":"Measuring DSM-5 internet gaming disorder: Development and validation of a short psychometric scale","volume":"45","author":"Pontes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reyes, M. E. S., Davis, R. D., Lim, R. A. N. N., Lim, K. R. S., Paulino, R. F., Carandang, A. M. D., & Azarraga, M. G. S. (2019). Five-factor model traits as predictors of pathological gaming among selected Filipino gamers. Psychological Studies, 64(2), 213\u2013220. http:\/\/dx.doi.org.elibrary.jcu.edu.au\/10.1007\/s12646-019-00498-y.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12646-019-00498-y"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0195","article-title":"Internet gaming disorder and its associated personality traits: A systematic review using PRISMA guidelines","author":"\u015ealvarl\u0131","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1260","article-title":"Introduction, comparison, and validation of Meta-Essentials: A free and simple tool for meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Suurmond","year":"2017","journal-title":"Research Synthesis Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244013518054","article-title":"Computer game addiction in adolescents and its relationship to chronotype and personality","volume":"4","author":"Vollmer","year":"2014","journal-title":"SAGE Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0210","article-title":"The world\u2019s 2.7 billion gamers will spend $159.3 billion on games in 2020; The market will surpass $200 billion by 2023","author":"Wijman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Newzoo."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-015-9592-8","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of video game addiction: A study based on a national representative sample of gamers","volume":"14","author":"Wittek","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01853","article-title":"Merging theoretical models and therapy approaches in the context of internet gaming disorder: A personal perspective","volume":"8","author":"Young","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"}],"container-title":["Addictive Behaviors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306460321003786?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306460321003786?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T18:47:11Z","timestamp":1759690031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306460321003786"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0306460321003786"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4603"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4603","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A meta-analytic review of Internet gaming disorder and the Big Five personality factors","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Addictive Behaviors","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107193","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107193"}}