{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:33:41Z","timestamp":1790786021127,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000092","name":"National Library of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000092","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010232","name":"NIDA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010232","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"NIGMS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002387","name":"NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002387","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addictive Behaviors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T21:00:11Z","timestamp":1649451611000},"page":"107332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The effect of race\/ethnicity and adversities on smoking cessation among U.S. adult smokers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Jaqueline C.","family":"Avila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander W.","family":"Sokolovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole L.","family":"Nollen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juhan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher H.","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasjit S.","family":"Ahluwalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15171\/ijhpm.2017.90","article-title":"Unequal gain of equal resources across racial groups","volume":"7","author":"Assari","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Health Policy and Management"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0010","article-title":"Family income reduces risk of obesity for white but not black children","volume":"5","author":"Assari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15040763","article-title":"Educational attainment and smoking status in a national sample of American Adults; Evidence for the Blacks' Diminished Return","volume":"15","author":"Assari","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Babb, S., Malarcher, A., Schauer, G., Asman, K., Jamal, A. (2017). Quitting Smoking Among Adults \u2014 United States, 2000\u20132015.","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6552a1"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-006-9152-4","article-title":"Associations between residential segregation and smoking during pregnancy among urban African-American women","volume":"84","author":"Bell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Urban Health"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2879","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.22.2879","article-title":"Socioeconomic status in health research: One size does not fit all","volume":"294","author":"Braveman","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019285","article-title":"Mechanisms linking socioeconomic status to smoking cessation: A structural equation modeling approach","volume":"29","author":"Businelle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cornelius, M.E., Wang, T.W., Jamal, A., Loretan, C.G., Neff, L.J. (2020). Tobacco Product Use Among Adults \u2014 United States, 2019.","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6946a4"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.01952.x","article-title":"Identifying health disparities across the tobacco continuum","volume":"102","author":"Fagan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.02.025","article-title":"Co-occurring risk factors for current cigarette smoking in a U.S. nationally representative sample","volume":"92","author":"Higgins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2016-052934","article-title":"Design and methods of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study","volume":"26","author":"Hyland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tobacco Control."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.90.8.1212","article-title":"Levels of racism: A theoretic framework and a gardener's tale","volume":"90","author":"Jones","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.01.014","article-title":"Smoking among U.S. Hispanic\/Latino adults: The Hispanic community health study\/study of Latinos","volume":"46","author":"Kaplan","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.172676","article-title":"Financial strain and smoking cessation among racially\/ethnically diverse smokers","volume":"100","author":"Kendzor","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntt198","article-title":"Everyday discrimination is associated with nicotine dependence among African American, Latino, and White smokers","volume":"16","author":"Kendzor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.01.003","article-title":"The influence of discrimination on smoking cessation among Latinos","volume":"136","author":"Kendzor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2012.01.013","article-title":"Individual- and area-level unemployment influence smoking cessation among African Americans participating in a randomized clinical trial","volume":"74","author":"Kendzor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S79","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntv228","article-title":"Differences in Quit Attempts and Cigarette Smoking Abstinence Between Whites and African Americans in the United States: Literature Review and Results From the International Tobacco Control US Survey","volume":"18","author":"Kulak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.0192","article-title":"Association of cumulative socioeconomic and health-related disadvantage with disparities in smoking prevalence in the United States, 2008 to 2017","volume":"179","author":"Leventhal","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nts256","article-title":"Socioeconomic disparities in tobacco-related health outcomes across racial\/ethnic groups in the United States: National Health Interview Survey 2010","volume":"15","author":"Margerison-Zilko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0105","unstructured":"National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (US) Office on Smoking and Health. The Health Consequences of Smoking\u201450 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;2014."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntq051","article-title":"Socioeconomic disparities in quit intentions, quit attempts, and smoking abstinence among smokers in four western countries: findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey","volume":"12","author":"Reid","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa231","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic disparities across indicators of cigarette smoking in the Era of increased tobacco control, 1992\u20132019","volume":"23","author":"Sakuma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0125","unstructured":"StataCorp. Intro 4: Substantive Concepts. StataCorp LLC. STATA Structural Equation Modeling Reference Manual. Release 17 Web site. https:\/\/www.stata.com\/manuals\/semintro4.pdf. Published 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0130","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Rockville, MD: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. 2018."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2010.04.010","article-title":"Association of availability of tobacco products with socio-economic and racial\/ethnic characteristics of neighbourhoods","volume":"124","author":"Siahpush","year":"2010","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2018-054561","article-title":"Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) reliability and validity study: Selected reliability and validity estimates","volume":"28","author":"Tourangeau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tobacco Control."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2010.191668","article-title":"A nationwide analysis of US racial\/ethnic disparities in smoking behaviors, smoking cessation, and cessation-related factors","volume":"101","author":"Trinidad","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0145","unstructured":"United States Department of Health Human Services. National Institutes of Health. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Food and Drug Administration. Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study [United States] Public-Use Files. ICPSR Codebook for Wave 1: Adult Questionnaire Data with Weights. 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0150","unstructured":"United States Department of Health Human Services. National Institutes of Health. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Food and Drug Administration. Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study [United States] Public-Use Files User Guide. In: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor]; 2020."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12990","article-title":"Distress, race\/ethnicity and smoking cessation in treatment-seekers: Implications for disparity elimination","volume":"110","author":"Webb Hooper","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764213487340","article-title":"Racism and health I: Pathways and scientific evidence","volume":"57","author":"Williams","year":"2013","journal-title":"The American Behavioral Scientist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05339.x","article-title":"Race, Socioeconomic Status and Health: Complexities, Ongoing Challenges and Research Opportunities","volume":"1186","author":"Williams","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000242","article-title":"Understanding associations among race, socioeconomic status, and health: Patterns and prospects","volume":"35","author":"Williams","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Psychology"}],"container-title":["Addictive Behaviors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306460322000983?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306460322000983?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T18:49:47Z","timestamp":1759690187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306460322000983"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S0306460322000983"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4603"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4603","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The effect of race\/ethnicity and adversities on smoking cessation among U.S. adult smokers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Addictive Behaviors","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107332","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107332"}}