{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T22:39:16Z","timestamp":1783723156228,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addictive Behaviors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T05:34:13Z","timestamp":1671773653000},"page":"107598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Understanding adolescent esports bettors: Are they a homogeneous group?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"Jeremie","family":"Richard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Ivoska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey L.","family":"Derevensky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0005","unstructured":"Abarbanel, B., Blum, B., Grove, C., Knuth, C., Schorr, S. & Sood, R. (2016). The future of gambling spaces: Esports and the word of competitive video gaming. Paper presented at the International Conference on Gambling and Risk-Taking, Las Vegas."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0010","article-title":"Part II: A step-by-step guide to latent class analysis","author":"Aflaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-018-9763-1","article-title":"The psychology of esports: A systematic literature review","volume":"35","author":"Banyai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-016-0544-0","article-title":"The factor structure of the Ohio scales: A practical measure of psychological symptoms in youth","volume":"26","author":"Bonadio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Family Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0025","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pioneering eSport: The experience economy and marketing of early 1980s arcade gaming contests","volume":"7","author":"Borowy","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Communication"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.04.009","article-title":"Associations between loot box use, problematic gaming and gambling, and gambling-related cognitions","volume":"96","author":"Brooks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0035","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey ACE Data, 2009-2014. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-019-00257-z","article-title":"Behavioral addictions: Some developmental considerations","volume":"6","author":"Derevensky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Current Addictions Report"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0045","series-title":"Teen gambling: Understanding a growing epidemic","author":"Derevensky","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101784","article-title":"The diagnostic accuracy of brief screening instruments for problem gambling: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"Dowling","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","article-title":"Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults","volume":"14","author":"Felitti","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009437115789","article-title":"Developing the DSM-IV-MR-J criteria to identify adolescent problem gambling in non-clinical populations","volume":"16","author":"Fisher","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2009.04.002","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioural interventions to reduce problem gambling: Hedging our bets?","volume":"47","author":"Gooding","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-019-09866-9","article-title":"Systematic review of preventive programs for reducing problem gambling behaviors among young adults","volume":"36","author":"Grande-Gosende","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4309\/jgi.2019.43.8","article-title":"Esports betting and skin gambling: A brief history.","volume":"43","author":"Greer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Issues"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2021.00039","article-title":"Are esports bettors a new generation of harmed gamblers? A comparison with sports bettors on gambling involvement, problems, and harm","volume":"10","author":"Greer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Griffiths, M.D. (2019). The therapeutic and health benefits of playing videogames. In:Attrill-.","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780198812746.013.27"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4018\/IJPHIM.2017070105","article-title":"Videogames as therapy: An updated selective review of the medical and psychological literature","volume":"5","author":"Griffiths","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Privacy and Health Information Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2012.02.011","article-title":"The effect of family therapy on the changes in the severity of on-line game play and brain activity in adolescents with on-line game addiction","volume":"202","author":"Han","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0266571","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0266571","article-title":"Adolescent betting on esports using cash and skins: Links with gaming, monetary gambling, and problematic gambling","volume":"17","author":"Hing","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-016-9641-7","article-title":"Systematic Review of Empirically Evaluated School-Based Gambling Education Programs","volume":"33","author":"Keen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.05.015","article-title":"Combined cognitive behavioral therapy and bupropion for the treatment of problematic on-line game play in adolescents with major depressive disorder","volume":"28","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1080\/1533256X.2013.838130","article-title":"Problem gambling and families: A systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Kourgiantakis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-019-00265-z","article-title":"Prevention strategies and interventions for internet use disorders due to addictive behaviors based on an integrative conceptual model","volume":"6","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Current Addiction Reports"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2009.06.002","article-title":"Cognitive and psychological predictors of the negative outcomes associated with playing MMOGs (massively multiplayer online games)","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0135","first-page":"344","article-title":"Investigating relationships between video gaming, spectating esports and gambling","volume":"80","author":"Macey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Computers in Human Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2021.00045","article-title":"Between two worlds: Exploring esports betting in relation to problem gambling, gaming and mental health problems","volume":"10","author":"Marchica","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4309\/jgi.2020.45.4","article-title":"Core competencies for disordered gambling counsellors: A modified Delphi study","volume":"45","author":"McDowell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0150","unstructured":"Newzoo (2020). Newzoo global esports market report, 2020. Light Version. Newzoo. https:\/\/newzoo.com\/insights\/trend-reports\/newzoo-global-esports-market-report-2020-light-version\/."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016651508801","article-title":"The Ohio scales: Practical outcome assessment","volume":"10","author":"Ogles","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Family Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40405-017-0024-5","article-title":"A review of educational-based gambling prevention programs for adolescents","volume":"7","author":"Oh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Gambling Issues Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-019-00088-z","article-title":"Measurement and conceptualization of gaming disorder according to the world health organization framework: The Development of the Gaming Disorder Test","volume":"19","author":"Pontes","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0170","unstructured":"Popper, B. (September 30, 2013) Field of streams: How Titch made video games a spectator sport. https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2013\/9\/30\/4719766\/twitch-raises-20-million-esports-market-booming."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1089\/glr2.2021.0013","article-title":"Towards an understanding of esports gambling: Demographic and clinical characteristics of youth esports bettor","author":"Richard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gaming Law Review and Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0180","article-title":"Emergence of problem gambling from childhood to emerging adulthood: A systematic review","author":"Richard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0185","unstructured":"Schnapp, D., Hicks, S. & Cohen, S. (2022). What the future holds for Esports gambling. The National Law Review, 7(269). March 31, 2022."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2341","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for Internet gaming disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Stevens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0195","article-title":"Esports gambling: Market structure and biases","author":"Sweeeny","year":"2019","journal-title":"Games and Culture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0200","series-title":"Raising the stakes: E-sports and the professionalization of computer gaming","author":"Taylor","year":"2012"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-009-9135-y","article-title":"The NODS\u2013CLiP: A rapid screen for adult pathological and problem gambling","volume":"25","author":"Toce-Gerstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0210","unstructured":"Vending Times. (1974). Sega sponsors all Japan TV game championships. http:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/media\/E13XZPWVgAEzeJH?format=png. December 1974."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2020.1826559","article-title":"Defining the esports bettor: Evidence from an online panel survey of emerging adults","volume":"20","author":"Wardle","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Gambling Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2020.1671824","article-title":"Treatments of internet gaming disorder: A systematic review of the evidence","volume":"20","author":"Zajac","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics"}],"container-title":["Addictive Behaviors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306460322003641?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306460322003641?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T18:51:45Z","timestamp":1759690305000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306460322003641"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0306460322003641"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4603"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4603","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Understanding adolescent esports bettors: Are they a homogeneous group?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Addictive Behaviors","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107598","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107598"}}