{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T05:05:56Z","timestamp":1779512756300,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R25DA020537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25DA020537"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008746","name":"National Cancer Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008746","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004733","name":"TD Bank NA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004733","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006806","name":"Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006806","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addictive Behaviors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T22:57:42Z","timestamp":1773615462000},"page":"108672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Shifting perceptions of e-cigarette risk: A secondary analysis from a nationwide, randomized controlled clinical trial of e-cigarettes among smokers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"Emily M.","family":"Barros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna C.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Neelon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iyonica E.","family":"Ravenel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Carpenter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy T.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108672_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bandi, P., Asare, S., Majmundar, A., Nargis, N., Jemal, A., & Fedewa, S. A. (2022). Relative Harm Perceptions of E-Cigarettes Versus Cigarettes, U.S. Adults, 2018-2020. American journal of preventive medicine, 63(2), 186\u2013194. doi: 10.1016\/j.amepre.2022.03.019.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2022.03.019"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108672_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.23266","article-title":"Assessment of Patterns in e-Cigarette Use Among Adults in the US, 2017-2020","volume":"5","author":"Boakye","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA network open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108672_b0020","unstructured":"CDC. (2021, August 3). Retrieved January 15, 2025, from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website: https:\/\/archive.cdc.gov\/www_cdc_gov\/tobacco\/basic_information\/e-cigarettes\/severe-lung-disease.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108672_b0025","unstructured":"CDC. (2022, February 25). Retrieved January 15, 2025, from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website: https:\/\/archive.cdc.gov\/www_cdc_gov\/tobacco\/basic_information\/e-cigarettes\/severe-lung-disease\/faq\/index.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108672_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102142","article-title":"Effect of unguided e-cigarette provision on uptake, use, and smoking cessation among adults who smoke in the USA: a naturalistic, randomised, controlled clinical trial","volume":"63","author":"Carpenter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet eClinical Medicine"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108672_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7218a1","article-title":"Tobacco Product Use Among Adults - United States, 2021","volume":"72","author":"Cornelius","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108672_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2023.03.009","article-title":"Sociodemographic Differences in E-Cigarette Uptake and Perceptions of Harm","volume":"65","author":"Harlow","year":"2023","journal-title":"American journal of preventive medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108672_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.1047","article-title":"Changing Perceptions of Harm of e-Cigarette vs Cigarette Use Among Adults in 2 US National Surveys From 2012 to 2017","volume":"2","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108672_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntab203","article-title":"Content Analysis of E-cigarette News Articles Amidst the 2019 Vaping-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) Outbreak in the United States","volume":"24","author":"Jeong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108672_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2020.0384","article-title":"Smoking, Vaping, and Tobacco Industry During COVID-19 Pandemic: Twitter Data Analysis","volume":"23","author":"Kami\u0144ski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108672_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16296","article-title":"Commentary on Wackowski et al.: Opportunities and Considerations for Addressing Misperceptions About the Relative Risks of Tobacco Products among Adult Smokers","volume":"118","author":"King","year":"2023","journal-title":"Addiction (Abingdon, England)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108672_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.04.014","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of E-Cigarette Use for Smoking Cessation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"136","author":"Levett","year":"2023","journal-title":"The American journal of medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108672_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Majeed, B. A., Weaver, S. R., Gregory, K. R., Whitney, C. F., Slovic, P., Pechacek, T. F., & Eriksen, M. P. (2017). Changing Perceptions of Harm of E-Cigarettes Among U.S. Adults, 2012-2015. American journal of preventive medicine, 52(3), 331\u2013338. doi: 10.1016\/j.amepre.2016.08.039.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2016.08.039"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108672_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merz, W., Magraner, J., Gunge, D., Advani, I., Crotty Alexander, L. E., & Oren, E. (2022). Electronic cigarette use and perceptions during COVID-19. Respiratory medicine, 200, 106925.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2022.106925"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108672_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019 Neal, R. A., Carpenter, M. J., Wahlquist, A. E., Leavens, E. L. S., Smith, T. T., & Fahey, M. C. (2024). The prospective relationship between a-priori intentions for and patterns of e-cigarette use among adults who smoke cigarettes. Addictive Behaviors, 156, 108067. doi: 10.1016\/j.addbeh.2024.108067.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2024.108067"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108672_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.6981","article-title":"Association of the US Outbreak of Vaping-Associated Lung Injury With Perceived Harm of e-Cigarettes Compared With Cigarettes","volume":"3","author":"Tattan-Birch","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA network open"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108672_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02926-7","article-title":"Nicotine e-cigarettes: Considerations for healthcare providers","volume":"30","author":"Toll","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108672_b0090","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.). The relative risks of tobacco products. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/tobacco-products\/health-effects-tobacco-use\/relative-risks-tobacco-products."},{"issue":"e2","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108672_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e255","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2021-057190","article-title":"Over 1 year later: Smokers' EVALI awareness, knowledge and perceived impact on e-cigarette interest","volume":"32","author":"Wackowski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tobacco control"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108672_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntab053","article-title":"Perceptions of Tobacco Product-Specific COVID-19 Risk and Changes in Tobacco Use Behaviors Among Smokers, E-Cigarette Users, and Dual Users","volume":"23","author":"White","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco"}],"container-title":["Addictive Behaviors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306460326000821?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306460326000821?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T04:18:02Z","timestamp":1779509882000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306460326000821"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":20,"alternative-id":["S0306460326000821"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108672","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4603"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4603","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Shifting perceptions of e-cigarette risk: A secondary analysis from a nationwide, randomized controlled clinical trial of e-cigarettes among smokers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Addictive Behaviors","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108672","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108672"}}