{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T03:11:28Z","timestamp":1779333088136,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addictive Behaviors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T23:31:57Z","timestamp":1777073517000},"page":"108723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Clinical effects of pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"180","author":[{"given":"Phiyanuch","family":"Thimkorn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chimbun","family":"Booncharoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panitnan","family":"Chaipitak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ployvarin","family":"Wiengkeaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuanchom","family":"Thananithisak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kansak","family":"Boonpattharatthiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6222-6476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teerapon","family":"Dhippayom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e769","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30223-7","article-title":"National, regional, and global prevalence of smoking during pregnancy in the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Lange","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0010","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking, Pregnancy, and Babies. 2023 [cited 2025 18 April ]. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tobacco\/campaign\/tips\/diseases\/pregnancy.html."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200020032079","article-title":"Birth and first-year costs for mothers and infants attributable to maternal smoking","volume":"3","author":"Miller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0020","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Tobacco: preventing uptake, promoting quitting and treating dependence.2025 [cited 2025 18 April ]. Available from: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng209."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0025","unstructured":"The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP). Chapter 4: Smoking cessation for high-prevalence groups. 2021 [cited 2025 18 Apirl ]. Available from: https:\/\/www.racgp.org.au\/clinical-resources\/clinical-guidelines\/key-racgp-guidelines\/view-all-racgp-guidelines\/supporting-smoking-cessation\/smoking-cessation-for-high-prevalence-groups."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0030","unstructured":"European Network for Smoking and Tobacco Prevention aisbl (ENSP). 2020 Guidelines for treating tobacco dependence. 2020 [Available from: https:\/\/ensp.network\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/guidelines_2020_english_forprint.pdf."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010078.pub3","article-title":"Pharmacological interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy","volume":"3","author":"Claire","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.25019","article-title":"Interventions for tobacco smoking cessation in adults, including pregnant persons: US preventive services task force recommendation statement","volume":"325","author":"Krist","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0045","series-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions","author":"Chandler","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The PRISMA Extension Statement for Reporting of Systematic Reviews Incorporating Network Meta-analyses of Health Care Interventions: Checklist and Explanations. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2015;162(11):777-84.","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2385"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0055","unstructured":"Cochrane Training. Recommendations and guidance on responsible AI in evidence synthesis London: Cochrane; 2025 [Available from: https:\/\/training.cochrane.org\/resource\/recommendations-and-guidance-on-responsible-ai-in-evidence-synthesis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0060","unstructured":"Li T HJ, Deeks JJ. Chapter 5: Collecting data. 2024 [cited 2025 18 April]. In: Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 65 [Internet]. Cochrane, [cited 2025 18 April]. Available from: https:\/\/training.cochrane.org\/handbook\/current\/chapter-05."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0065","article-title":"RoB 2: A revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0070","first-page":"1","article-title":"Risk-of-bias VISualization (robvis): An R package and Shiny web app for visualizing risk-of-bias assessments","author":"McGuinness","year":"2020","journal-title":"Research Synthesis Methods."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1622","article-title":"Nicotine patches in pregnant smokers: Randomised, placebo controlled, multicentre trial of efficacy","volume":"348","author":"Berlin","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1109582","article-title":"A randomized trial of nicotine-replacement therapy patches in pregnancy","volume":"366","author":"Coleman","year":"2012","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01808-0","article-title":"Electronic cigarettes versus nicotine patches for smoking cessation in pregnancy: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Hajek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2003.00221.x","article-title":"Multimodal intervention raises smoking cessation rate during pregnancy","volume":"82","author":"Hegaard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2005.05.042","article-title":"A randomised-controlled pilot study using nicotine patches with pregnant women","volume":"31","author":"Hotham","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100315","article-title":"Placebo-controlled trial of bupropion for smoking cessation in pregnant women","volume":"3","author":"Kranzler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.11.1036","article-title":"Bupropion sustained release for pregnant smokers: Arandomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"216","author":"Nanovskaya","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318187e1ec","article-title":"Nicotine gum for pregnant smokers: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"112","author":"Oncken","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.03.006","article-title":"Randomized trial of nicotine inhaler for pregnant smokers","volume":"1","author":"Oncken","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0120","first-page":"351","article-title":"Randomized, controlled pilot trial of bupropion for pregnant smokers: Challenges and future directions","volume":"32","author":"Stotts","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Perinatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0125","first-page":"967","article-title":"Nicotine patches for pregnant smokers: A randomized controlled study","volume":"96","author":"Wisborg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0130","article-title":"Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation","volume":"4","author":"Lindson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0135","article-title":"Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation","volume":"1","author":"Lindson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03179.x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation in pregnancy: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"106","author":"Coleman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntq215","article-title":"Adherence to and reasons for premature discontinuation from stop-smoking medications: Data from the ITC four-country survey","volume":"13","author":"Balmford","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200124040-00005","article-title":"Risks and benefits of nicotine to aid smoking cessation in pregnancy","volume":"24","author":"Dempsey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drug Safety."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4004","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18084004","article-title":"Nicotine replacement therapy during pregnancy and child health outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Blanc","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1515\/jpme.1987.15.1.13","article-title":"Influence of nicotine chewing gum on fetal blood flow","volume":"15","author":"Lindblad","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatal Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(96)90005-3","article-title":"Effects of short-term use of nicotine gum in pregnant smokers","volume":"59","author":"Oncken","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics"}],"container-title":["Addictive Behaviors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306460326001334?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306460326001334?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T02:31:45Z","timestamp":1779330705000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306460326001334"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S0306460326001334"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4603"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4603","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical effects of pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Addictive Behaviors","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108723","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108723"}}