{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:23:37Z","timestamp":1787775817895,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007316","name":"National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addictive Behaviors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T06:42:32Z","timestamp":1781332952000},"page":"108772","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Moderators of the impact of e-cigarette provision on smoking cessation: secondary analyses from a large naturalistic randomized clinical trial in the US"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"Katelyn R.","family":"Koval","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy T.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy E.","family":"Wahlquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elias M.","family":"Klemperer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Michael Cummings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8909-1302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Carpenter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"suppl_1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108772_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntq050","article-title":"Motivational factors predict quit attempts but not maintenance of smoking cessation: findings from the international tobacco control four country project","volume":"12","author":"Borland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108772_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61842-5","article-title":"Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"382","author":"Bullen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108772_b0015","article-title":"Identifying predictors of smoking switching behaviours among adult smokers in the United States: a machine learning approach","volume":"16","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108772_b0020","article-title":"Efficiency and safety of an electronic cigarette (ECLAT) as tobacco cigarettes substitute: a prospective 12-month randomized control design study","volume":"8","author":"Caponnetto","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108772_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2008.02.017","article-title":"Common predictors of smoking cessation in clinical practice","volume":"102","author":"Caponnetto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respiratory Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108772_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102142","article-title":"Effect of unguided e-cigarette provision on uptake, use, andsmoking cessation among adults who smoke in the USA: anaturalistic, randomised, controlled clinical trial","volume":"63","author":"Carpenter","year":"2023","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108772_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2011.044149","article-title":"A systematic review of longitudinal population-based studies on the predictors of smoking cessation in adolescent and young adult smokers","volume":"21","author":"Cengelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tobacco Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108772_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e102","DOI":"10.1017\/cts.2023.533","article-title":"\u201cAnd then I found $5\u201d: optimizing recruitment efficiency in remote clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"Fahey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Translational Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108772_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1715757","article-title":"A pragmatic trial of e-cigarettes, incentives, and drugs for smoking cessation","volume":"378","author":"Halpern","year":"2018","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108772_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii83","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2005.013516","article-title":"Individual-level predictors of cessation behaviours among participants in the International Tobacco Control (ITC) four Country Survey","volume":"15","author":"Hyland","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tobacco Control"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108772_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nts015","article-title":"Predictors of quit attempts and abstinence among smokers not currently interested in quitting","volume":"14","author":"Jardin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108772_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107124","article-title":"E-cigarette use and change in plans to quit cigarette smoking among adult smokers in the United States: Longitudinal findings from the PATH Study 2014-2019","volume":"124","author":"Kasza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108772_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.40880","article-title":"Association of e-cigarette use with discontinuation of cigarette smoking among adult smokers who were initially never planning to quit","volume":"4","author":"Kasza","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108772_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.23960","article-title":"E-cigarette characteristics and cigarette cessation among adults who use e-cigarettes","volume":"7","author":"Kasza","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108772_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16141","article-title":"E-cigarette cessation and transitions in combusted tobacco smoking status: Longitudinal findings from the US FDA PATH Study","volume":"118","author":"Klemperer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108772_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kramarow, E. A., & Elgaddal, N. (2023). Current Electronic Cigarette Use Among Adults Aged 18 and Over: United States, 2021. NCHS Data Brief(475), 1-8. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/37486729.","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:129966"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108772_b0085","article-title":"Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: Component network meta-analyses","volume":"9","author":"Lindson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108772_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-786","article-title":"Effect of an electronic nicotine delivery device (e-Cigarette) on smoking reduction and cessation: A prospective 6-month pilot study","volume":"11","author":"Polosa","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108772_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.0089","article-title":"Daily or nondaily vaping and smoking cessation among smokers","volume":"8","author":"Quach","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108772_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13913","article-title":"Accuracy of self-reported smoking abstinence in clinical trials of hospital-initiated smoking interventions","volume":"112","author":"Scheuermann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108772_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntae170","article-title":"Personal characteristics associated with switching from cigarettes to noncombustible tobacco and nicotine products among U.S. adults: Findings from PATH Study Waves 1-5","volume":"27","author":"Sharma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108772_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntac271","article-title":"A scoping review and meta-analysis of the use of remote biochemical verification methods of smoking status in tobacco research","volume":"25","author":"Thrul","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108772_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntw017","article-title":"A randomized trial comparing the effect of nicotine versus placebo electronic cigarettes on smoking reduction among young adult smokers","volume":"18","author":"Tseng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108772_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vahratian, A., Briones, E. M., Jamal, A., & Marynak, K. L. (2025). Electronic Cigarette Use Among Adults in the United States, 2019-2023. NCHS Data Brief(524), CS356607. doi: 10.15620\/cdc\/174583.","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc\/174583"}],"container-title":["Addictive Behaviors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306460326001826?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306460326001826?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T14:50:51Z","timestamp":1784818251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306460326001826"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["S0306460326001826"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108772","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4603"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4603","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Moderators of the impact of e-cigarette provision on smoking cessation: secondary analyses from a large naturalistic randomized clinical trial in the US","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Addictive Behaviors","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108772","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108772"}}