{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:46:45Z","timestamp":1791877605852,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addictive Behaviors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T05:55:15Z","timestamp":1791698115000},"page":"108880","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Probable alcohol use disorder in the U.S. Veteran population: Results from the 2025\u20132026 National Health and Resilience in Veterans study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"185","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2863-0007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shelby R.","family":"Goodwin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1719-3681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Meshberg-Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7343-071X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian C.","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3895-7417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter J.","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismene L.","family":"Petrakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John H.","family":"Krystal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert H.","family":"Pietrzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/pam.22646","article-title":"Veteran Affairs disability compensation: Likely the U.S.\u2019s largest disability program, but what do we know about its impacts on service\u2010disabled veterans?","volume":"44","author":"Armour","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Policy Analysis and Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1080\/09638237.2019.1644494","article-title":"The association of depression stigma with barriers to seeking mental health care: A cross-sectional analysis","volume":"29","author":"Arnaez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000804","article-title":"Co-occurring alcohol and mental health problems in the military: Prevalence, disparities, and service utilization","volume":"36","author":"Ayer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0373","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.7326\/ANNALS-24-02157","article-title":"Trends in Alcohol Use After the COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"178","author":"Ayyala-Somayajula","year":"2025","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0020","unstructured":"Babor, T. F., Higgins-Biddle, J. C., Saunders, J. C., & Monteiro, M. G. (2001). AUDIT: the alcohol use disorders identification test: guidelines for use in primary health care."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000983","article-title":"Examination of the mild, moderate, and severe alcohol use disorder severity indicators using a nationally representative sample","volume":"38","author":"Bailey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000000885","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence of respiratory diseases and exposures among veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans","volume":"58","author":"Barth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.13586","article-title":"Health conditions seen frequently in hospitalized United States Veterans who served after 9\/11\/2001: A scoping review","volume":"20","author":"Boggan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Hospital Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1007\/s11414-021-09778-w","article-title":"Transition from military service: Mental health and well-being among service members and veterans with service-connected disabilities","volume":"49","author":"Bond","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0368","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2016.0022","article-title":"Preliminary Development of a Brief Cannabis Use Disorder Screening Tool: The Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test Short-Form","volume":"1","author":"Bonn-Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0362","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022294","article-title":"Development and validation of a brief self-report measure of trauma exposure: The Trauma History Screen.","volume":"23","author":"Carlson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.13067","article-title":"Race, ethnicity, and clinical features of alcohol use disorder among US military veterans: Results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study","volume":"30","author":"Carr","year":"2021","journal-title":"The American Journal on Addictions"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-025-00734-3","article-title":"Sex differences in the impact of social determinants of health on substance use disorder treatment outcomes","volume":"16","author":"Chavez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biology of Sex Differences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1002\/jcad.12531","article-title":"Psychometric synthesis of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)","volume":"102","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Counseling & Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1002\/jcad.12531","article-title":"Psychometric synthesis of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)","volume":"102","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Counseling & Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2025.112558","article-title":"Trends and disparities in alcohol screening and brief counseling following the U.S. Affordable Care Act","volume":"268","author":"Cook","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crawford, E. F., Fulton, J. J., Swinkels, C. M., Beckham, J. C., & Calhoun, P. S. (2013). Diagnostic efficiency of the AUDIT-C in U.S. veterans with military service since September 11, 2001. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 132(1\u20132), 101\u2013106. doi:10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.01.012.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.01.012"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3922\/j.psns.2009.1.12","article-title":"Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): An updated systematic review of psychometric properties","volume":"2","author":"de Meneses-Gaya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychology & Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0080","unstructured":"Essentials of Evaluative Rating, Pub. L. 4.1, Code of Federal Regulations (1976)."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-017-1463-0","article-title":"Differences by veteran\/civilian status and gender in associations between childhood adversity and alcohol and drug use disorders","volume":"53","author":"Evans","year":"2018","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0090","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to substance use disorder treatment: An overview of systematic reviews","volume":"16","author":"Farhoudian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","article-title":"Relationship of Childhood Abuse and Household Dysfunction to Many of the Leading Causes of Death in Adults","volume":"14","author":"Felitti","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.11.017","article-title":"High-risk profiles for polysubstance use among veterans: Associations of depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and sexual assault in a clinical cohort","volume":"193","author":"Flynn","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13423","article-title":"The burden of alcohol use disorders in US military veterans: Results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study","volume":"111","author":"Fuehrlein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.106128","article-title":"The epidemiology of alcohol use disorders cross-nationally: Findings from the World Mental Health Surveys","volume":"102","author":"Glantz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191104269954","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Life Events Checklist","volume":"11","author":"Gray","year":"2004","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.06.044","article-title":"Substance use disorders among armed forces veterans with gambling disorder: Insights from an inpatient treatment sample","volume":"177","author":"Grubbs","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmaa066","article-title":"The changing landscape of alcohol use disorder and problem drinking in the USA: Implications for primary care","volume":"37","author":"Grucza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Family Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.109137","article-title":"Psychosocial and health problems associated with alcohol use disorder and cannabis use disorder in U.S. adults","volume":"229","author":"Gutkind","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0367","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x","article-title":"The Fagerstr\u00f6m Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire","volume":"86","author":"HEATHERTON","year":"1991","journal-title":"British Journal of Addiction"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14284","article-title":"Psychiatric comorbidity as a function of severity: DSM\u20105 alcohol use disorder and HiTOP classification of mental disorders","volume":"44","author":"Helle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0374","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2022.103606","article-title":"Youth drinking in decline: What are the implications for public health, public policy and public debate?","volume":"102","author":"Holmes","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1177\/10870547231218450","article-title":"ADHD in adults: Does age at diagnosis matter?","volume":"28","author":"Hutt Vater","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Attention Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0140","unstructured":"IBM Corp. (2021). IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh (28.0). IBM Corp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2024.111115","article-title":"Clinical cutoffs of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test for identification of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder: A psychometric evaluation in treatment-seeking patients","volume":"256","author":"Ingesson-Hammarberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0150","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on the Initial Assessment and Readjustment Needs of Military Personnel, V. and T. F. (2010). Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom: Demographics and Impact. In Returning home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary assessment of readjustment needs of veterans, service members, and their families. National Academies Press."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716003032","article-title":"Social and economic consequences of alcohol use disorder: A longitudinal cohort and co-relative analysis","volume":"47","author":"Kendler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-025-00708-w","article-title":"Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD): Transdiagnostic mechanisms","volume":"13","author":"Kennedy","year":"2026","journal-title":"Current Addiction Reports"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14598","article-title":"Stigmatization of people with alcohol use disorders: An updated systematic review of population studies","volume":"45","author":"Kilian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0363","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2008.59.6.635","article-title":"Evaluation of Universal Screening for Military-Related Sexual Trauma","volume":"59","author":"Kimerling","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0170","first-page":"613","article-title":"An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: The PHQ\u20134","volume":"50","author":"Kroenke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.12.132","article-title":"Socioeconomic status, alcohol use disorders, and depression: A population-based study","volume":"301","author":"Lasserre","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15646","article-title":"Association of alcohol use disorder on alcohol\u2010related cancers, diabetes, ischemic heart disease and death: A population\u2010based, matched cohort study","volume":"117","author":"Leong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.62641\/aep.v53i1.1772","article-title":"Alcohol use disorders and suicidal behaviour: A narrative review","volume":"53","author":"Lupi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00406-1","article-title":"Hazardous drinking and alcohol use disorders","volume":"8","author":"MacKillop","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Disease Primers"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14701","article-title":"Correlates of mild, moderate, and severe alcohol use disorder among adults with problem substance use: Validity implications for DSM\u20105","volume":"45","author":"Mannes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-021-01031-8","article-title":"What are the economic costs to society attributable to alcohol use? A systematic review and modelling study","volume":"39","author":"Manthey","year":"2021","journal-title":"PharmacoEconomics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2024.10.024","article-title":"New clinical and public health challenges: Increasing trends in United States alcohol related mortality","volume":"138","author":"Matarazzo","year":"2025","journal-title":"The American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2024.112419","article-title":"An observational cohort study of alcohol use and cognitive difficulties among post-9\/11 veterans with and without TBI and PTSD","volume":"263","author":"May","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.012","article-title":"Veterans Health Administration models of community-based long-term care: State of the science","volume":"23","author":"McConnell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Directors Association"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1177\/0095327X211069162","article-title":"The culture of alcohol in the U.S. military: Correlations with problematic drinking behaviors and negative consequences of alcohol use","volume":"49","author":"Meadows","year":"2023","journal-title":"Armed Forces & Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0225","series-title":"and implications for care delivery","article-title":"VA healthcare utilization in the U.S. veteran population: Prevalence, correlates","author":"Meshberg-Cohen","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.06.032","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in detecting DSM-5 alcohol use disorders in the General population","volume":"204","author":"Moehring","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2020.05.024","article-title":"Demographic correlates of veterans\u2019 adverse social determinants of health","volume":"59","author":"Montgomery","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0369","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntx271","article-title":"Psychometric Evaluation of the E-cigarette Dependence Scale","volume":"21","author":"Morean","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.12.019","article-title":"Mental health of U.S. combat veterans by war era: Results from the National health and Resilience in veterans study","volume":"158","author":"Na","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0372","series-title":"Understanding nonsuicidal self-injury: Origins, assessment, and treatment.","isbn-type":"print","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1037\/11875-001","article-title":"Nonsuicidal self-injury: Definition and classification.","author":"Nock","year":"2009","ISBN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/isbn\/1433804360"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqac045","article-title":"Military service and alcohol use: A systematic narrative review","volume":"72","author":"Osborne","year":"2022","journal-title":"Occupational Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.21908","article-title":"The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales\u201421 (DASS\u201021): Further Examination of Dimensions, Scale Reliability, and Correlates","volume":"68","author":"Osman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.109240","article-title":"Epidemiology of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder in U.S. military veterans: Results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study","volume":"231","author":"Panza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0364","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3182303775","article-title":"Medical Comorbidity of Full and Partial Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in US Adults","volume":"73","author":"Pietrzak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2015.09.006","article-title":"Treatment access barriers and disparities among individuals with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders: An integrative literature review","volume":"61","author":"Priester","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-024-08803-w","article-title":"Co-occurring chronic pain and PTSD among US military veterans: Prevalence, correlates, and functioning","volume":"39","author":"Reed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00295.x","article-title":"The alcohol use disorders identification test: An update of research findings","volume":"31","author":"Reinert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/37.3.261","article-title":"Screening for alcohol use disorders and at-risk drinking in the general population: Psychometric performance of three questionnaires","volume":"37","author":"Rumpf","year":"2002","journal-title":"Alcohol and Alcoholism"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2021.01767","article-title":"Trends in the use of treatment for substance use disorders, 2010\u201319","volume":"41","author":"Saloner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Affairs"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x","article-title":"Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO Collaborative Project on Early Detection of Persons with Harmful Alcohol Consumption\u2010II","volume":"88","author":"Saunders","year":"1993","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0285","unstructured":"Schaeffer, K. (2023, November 8). The changing face of America\u2019s veteran population. Pew Research Center."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0290","unstructured":"Schuler, M. S., Bower, A., Farmer, C. M., Phillips, J., & Ramchand, R. (2025). A summary of veteran-related statistics."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0295","first-page":"18","article-title":"Caring for post-9\/11 veterans in the civilian sector: Knowledge and readiness of registered and advance practice nurse providers","volume":"32","author":"Simoni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Military and Veterans\u2019 Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.35946\/arcr.v39.2.02","article-title":"The epidemiology of post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder","volume":"39","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alcohol Research : Current Reviews"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000001445","article-title":"Diagnosis of alcohol use disorder and deaths related to alcohol, drug overdose, or suicide among post-9\/11 active duty service members and veterans following traumatic brain injury","volume":"19","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Addiction Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0310","series-title":"Clinical Management of the Homeless Patient","first-page":"179","article-title":"Homelessness and substance use disorders","author":"Stablein","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0315","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2020). Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0320","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2025). Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States: Results from the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-024-02500-7","article-title":"Agile implementation of alcohol screening in primary care","volume":"25","author":"Summanwar","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Primary Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0366","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.2438","article-title":"Screen of Drug Use","volume":"175","author":"Tiet","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0330","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau. (2024). CPS August 2024 Veterans Supplement Technical Documentation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0375","unstructured":"Saad, L. (2023, August 22). Young adults in U.S. drinking less than in prior decades. Gallup."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0335","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau. (2026). Veteran status. Merican Community Survey, ACS 1-Year Estimates Subject Tables, Table S2101."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0340","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. (2025, March 6). VetPop2023: Projections of our nation\u2019s veteran population and their characteristics."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0370","article-title":"Developing a brief problem gambling screen using clinically validated samples of at-risk problem and pathological gamblers","author":"Volberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0365","unstructured":"Weathers, F.W. Litz, B.T. Keane, T.M. Davis, M.T. Witte, T.K. Domino, J.L. (2013). The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). https:\/\/www.ptsd.va.gov."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.35946\/arcr.v39.2.07","article-title":"Alcohol use disorder and traumatic brain injury","volume":"39","author":"Weil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alcohol Research : Current Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0376","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.11.013","article-title":"Alcohol Use Patterns During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Veterans in the United States","volume":"137","author":"Wong","year":"2024","journal-title":"The American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0350","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2024). Global status report on alcohol and health and treatment of substance use disorders."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1268","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00273-X","article-title":"The socioeconomic gradient of alcohol use: An analysis of nationally representative survey data from 55 low-income and middle-income countries","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2022.2060445","article-title":"Association of substance use characteristics and future homelessness among emergency department patients with drug use or unhealthy alcohol use: Results from a linked data longitudinal cohort analysis","volume":"43","author":"Yoo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Substance Abuse"}],"container-title":["Addictive Behaviors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S030646032600290X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S030646032600290X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:01:18Z","timestamp":1791874878000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S030646032600290X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"references-count":88,"alternative-id":["S030646032600290X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4603"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4603","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Probable alcohol use disorder in the U.S. Veteran population: Results from the 2025\u20132026 National Health and Resilience in Veterans study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Addictive Behaviors","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108880","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108880"}}