{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:33:17Z","timestamp":1787502797846,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":254,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T15:41:30Z","timestamp":1785166890000},"page":"115941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Decoding cellular dynamics and microenvironmental responses in organ-on-chip systems through real-time sensing"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"237","author":[{"given":"Pooja","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eshira","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ratnesh","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prajakta","family":"Dandekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4643","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.1c01536","article-title":"Developer\u2019s guide to an organ-on-chip model","volume":"8","author":"Rogal","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3390\/bios14050225","article-title":"A comprehensive review of organ-on-a-chip technology and its applications","volume":"14","author":"Farhang Doost","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-022-00118-6","article-title":"A guide to the organ-on-a-chip","volume":"2","author":"Leung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Methods Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering9110646","article-title":"Organs-on-chips platforms are everywhere: a zoom on biomedical investigation","volume":"9","author":"Zommiti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-022-00466-9","article-title":"Human organs-on-chips for disease modelling, drug development and personalized medicine","volume":"23","author":"Ingber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2024.117569","article-title":"Organ-on-a-chip platforms integrated with biosensors for precise monitoring of the cells and cellular microenvironment","volume":"172","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/bios10090110","article-title":"Integrating biosensors in organs-on-chip devices: a perspective on current strategies to monitor microphysiological systems","volume":"10","author":"Ferrari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2926","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.0c01110","article-title":"In-line analysis of organ-on-Chip Systems with sensors: integration, fabrication, challenges, and potential","volume":"7","author":"Fuchs","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3121","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c05036","article-title":"Recent advances of biosensor-integrated organ-on-a-Chip Technologies for diagnostics and therapeutics","volume":"95","author":"Shinde","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/frlct.2024.1376964","article-title":"Guiding organs-on-chips towards applications: a balancing act between integration of advanced technologies and standardization","volume":"3","author":"Meneses","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Lab Chip Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21037\/mps.2018.01.01","article-title":"Organs-on-chip monitoring: sensors and other strategies","volume":"1","author":"Kilic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microphysiological Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-017-9736-2","article-title":"High-content assessment of cardiac function using heart-on-a-chip devices as drug screening model","volume":"13","author":"Conant","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering9010032","article-title":"A bioprinted heart-on-a-chip with human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for drug evaluation","volume":"9","author":"Faulkner-Jones","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/mi7070122","article-title":"High-throughput assessment of drug cardiac safety using a high-speed impedance detection technology-based heart-on-a-chip","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-018-0034-7","article-title":"Advances in organ-on-a-chip engineering","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0080","article-title":"Large-scale smart bioreactor with fully integrated wireless multivariate sensors and electronics for long-term in situ monitoring of stem cell culture","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2022.113840","article-title":"Integrated wireless microfluidic liquid sensors based on low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology","volume":"346","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18621-2","article-title":"Noncontact and nonintrusive microwave-microfluidic flow sensor for energy and biomedical engineering","volume":"8","author":"Zarifi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11111828","article-title":"Breakthroughs and applications of organ-on-a-Chip Technology","volume":"11","author":"Koyilot","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2025.114507","article-title":"Organ-on-a-chip: quo vademus? Applications and regulatory status","volume":"249","author":"Mendes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.09.011","article-title":"National reflection on organs-on-chip for drug development: new regulatory challenges","volume":"388","author":"Teixeira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0110","author":"O. of the Commissioner, Advancing Alternative Methods at FDA, FDA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0115","author":"O. of the Commissioner, FDA Announces Plan to Phase Out Animal Testing Requirement for Monoclonal Antibodies and Other Drugs, FDA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.14503","article-title":"FDA modernization act 2.0 allows for alternatives to animal testing","volume":"47","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Artif. Organs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI175824","article-title":"FDA modernization act 2.0: transitioning beyond animal models with human cells, organoids, and AI\/ML-based approaches","volume":"133","author":"Zushin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0130","article-title":"Senate clears FDA modernization act 3.0, aiming to align FDA regulations with nonclinical-testing reforms","author":"Buntz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.37876","article-title":"Recent advances in integrated organ-Chip sensing toward robust and user-friendly systems","volume":"113","author":"Schellberg","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.3390\/s21041367","article-title":"Advancement of sensor integrated organ-on-Chip devices","volume":"21","author":"Clarke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-025-01142-8","article-title":"Toward continuous monitoring systems: emerging trends of on-chip sensors in organ-on-a-chip","volume":"12","author":"Ling","year":"2026","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3231","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.8b00592","article-title":"Guide to selecting a biorecognition element for biosensors","volume":"29","author":"Morales","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioconjug. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202400504","article-title":"Aptasensors and advancement in molecular recognition technology","volume":"10","author":"Napit","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2019.111435","article-title":"Cell-based biosensors: recent trends, challenges and future perspectives","volume":"141","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202104426","article-title":"Biomarkers and detection platforms for human health and performance monitoring: a review","volume":"9","author":"Sim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3801","DOI":"10.1039\/D2LC00262K","article-title":"Integrated biosensors for monitoring microphysiological systems","volume":"22","author":"Mou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1039\/b612140c","article-title":"PDMS absorption of small molecules and consequences in microfluidic applications","volume":"6","author":"Toepke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-012-0562-z","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of molecular absorption into PDMS microfluidic channels","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2880","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.0c00640","article-title":"Beyond polydimethylsiloxane: alternative materials for fabrication of organ-on-a-Chip devices and microphysiological systems","volume":"7","author":"Campbell","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bprint.2022.e00202","article-title":"Recent trends of biomaterials and biosensors for organ-on-chip platforms","volume":"26","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioprinting"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.202300560","article-title":"Integrated electrochemical and optical biosensing in organs-on-Chip","volume":"25","author":"Tawade","year":"2024","journal-title":"ChemBioChem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.115057","article-title":"Integrated technologies for continuous monitoring of organs-on-chips: current challenges and potential solutions","volume":"224","author":"Sabat\u00e9 Del R\u00edo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-024-06103-w","article-title":"Integration of microfluidic chips with biosensors","volume":"6","author":"Sekhwama","year":"2024","journal-title":"Discov. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2023.102978","article-title":"Sensor integration into microfluidic systems: trends and challenges","volume":"83","author":"Buttkewitz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2024.116683","article-title":"Organ chips with integrated multifunctional sensors enable continuous metabolic monitoring at controlled oxygen levels, Biosens","volume":"265","author":"Izadifar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioelectron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.202200162","article-title":"Recent advances and challenges in temperature monitoring and control in microfluidic devices","volume":"44","author":"Dos-Reis-Delgado","year":"2023","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2023.114699","article-title":"Numerical simulation, fabrication, and characterization of a heating system for integration into an organ-on-a-Chip","volume":"363","author":"Ferreira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1177\/2211068213499917","article-title":"Development of a multiplexed microfluidic platform for the automated cultivation of embryonic stem cells","volume":"18","author":"Reichen","year":"2013","journal-title":"SLAS Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2020.112439","article-title":"Monolithic integration of a smart temperature sensor on a modular silicon-based organ-on-a-chip device","volume":"317","author":"Da Ponte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1039\/C8LC00456K","article-title":"Online oxygen monitoring using integrated inkjet-printed sensors in a liver-on-a-chip system","volume":"18","author":"Moya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0245","first-page":"6","article-title":"Microfluidic-based oxygen (O2) sensors for on-Chip monitoring of cell","volume":"12","author":"Azimzadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tissue and Organ Metabolism, Biosensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11535","article-title":"A microfluidics-based in vitro model of the gastrointestinal human\u2013microbe interface","volume":"7","author":"Shah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0255","article-title":"On-chip analysis of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in human induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"17","author":"Fuchs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.7b01029","article-title":"Smart cell culture systems: integration of sensors and actuators into microphysiological systems","volume":"13","author":"Modena","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8062","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-34786-5","article-title":"An organ-on-chip device with integrated charge sensors and recording microelectrodes","volume":"13","author":"Aydogmus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0270","article-title":"A microfluidic optical platform for real-time monitoring of pH and oxygen in microfluidic bioreactors and organ-on-chip devices","volume":"10","author":"Shaegh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomicrofluidics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.0c02282","article-title":"Measuring both pH and O2 with a single on-chip sensor in cultures of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to track induced changes in cellular metabolism","volume":"6","author":"Tanumihardja","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.3390\/mi14030496","article-title":"TEER and ion selective transwell-integrated sensors system for Caco-2 cell model","volume":"14","author":"Sciurti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19201","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76062-w","article-title":"Establishment of a heart-on-a-chip microdevice based on human iPS cells for the evaluation of human heart tissue function","volume":"10","author":"Abulaiti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00744-7","article-title":"A neurovascular-unit-on-a-chip for the evaluation of the restorative potential of stem cell therapies for ischaemic stroke","volume":"5","author":"Lyu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0295","article-title":"State of the art in integrated biosensors for organ-on-a-chip applications","volume":"19","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1039\/b714449k","article-title":"Electrochemical biosensors","volume":"39","author":"Ronkainen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.202300560","article-title":"Integrated electrochemical and optical biosensing in organs-on-Chip","volume":"25","author":"Tawade","year":"2024","journal-title":"ChemBioChem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4581","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00395","article-title":"Organic bioelectronic devices for metabolite sensing","volume":"122","author":"Koklu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2231","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1522556113","article-title":"Real-time monitoring of metabolic function in liver-on-chip microdevices tracks the dynamics of mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"113","author":"Bavli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/micronano.2016.22","article-title":"Multi-analyte biosensor interface for real-time monitoring of 3D microtissue spheroids in hanging-drop networks","volume":"2","author":"Misun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1039\/C3LC50759A","article-title":"Cell culture monitoring for drug screening and cancer research: a transparent, microfluidic, multi-sensor microsystem","volume":"14","author":"Weltin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2016.07.094","article-title":"Accessing 3D microtissue metabolism: lactate and oxygen monitoring in hepatocyte spheroids","volume":"87","author":"Weltin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abc2331","article-title":"Microfluidic tumor-on-a-chip model to evaluate the role of tumor environmental stress on NK cell exhaustion","volume":"7","author":"Ayuso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24995","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA00333H","article-title":"Electrochemical immunosensors and their recent nanomaterial-based signal amplification strategies: a review","volume":"6","author":"Lim","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3983","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-023-04627-5","article-title":"Affinity-based electrochemical sensors for biomolecular detection in whole blood","volume":"415","author":"Wilkirson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2016.01.020","article-title":"Recent advances in cytokine detection by immunosensing","volume":"79","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3605","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28083605","article-title":"The applications of electrochemical Immunosensors in the detection of disease biomarkers: a review","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2564","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-021-00511-7","article-title":"Microfluidic integration of regeneratable electrochemical affinity-based biosensors for continual monitoring of organ-on-a-chip devices","volume":"16","author":"Aleman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10019","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b02028","article-title":"Aptamer-based microfluidic electrochemical biosensor for monitoring cell-secreted trace cardiac biomarkers","volume":"88","author":"Shin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4467","DOI":"10.1039\/C5LC00874C","article-title":"Liver injury-on-a-chip: microfluidic co-cultures with integrated biosensors for monitoring liver cell signaling during injury","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2014.08.034","article-title":"Detecting multiple cell-secreted cytokines from the same aptamer-functionalized electrode","volume":"64","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2568","DOI":"10.1039\/C9LC00285E","article-title":"Muscle-on-a-chip with an on-site multiplexed biosensing system for in situ monitoring of secreted IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1","volume":"19","author":"Ortega","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1039\/C7LC01223C","article-title":"Closed-loop feedback control for microfluidic systems through automated capacitive fluid height sensing","volume":"18","author":"Soenksen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2413684121","article-title":"A closed-loop modular multiorgan-on-chips platform for self-sustaining and tightly controlled oxygenation","volume":"121","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1039\/D1LC00067E","article-title":"High-throughput organ-on-chip platform with integrated programmable fluid flow and real-time sensing for complex tissue models in drug development workflows","volume":"21","author":"Azizgolshani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4526","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.87266","article-title":"Organ-on-a-chip meets artificial intelligence in drug evaluation","volume":"13","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2016.07.015","article-title":"In situ, dual-mode monitoring of organ-on-a-chip with smartphone-based fluorescence microscope","volume":"86","author":"Cho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0410","article-title":"Google glass-directed monitoring and control of microfluidic biosensors and actuators","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0415","article-title":"Multisensor-integrated organs-on-chips platform for automated and continual in situ monitoring of organoid behaviors","volume":"114","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3596","DOI":"10.1039\/D4AN00267A","article-title":"Online monitoring of epithelial barrier kinetics and cell detachment during cisplatin-induced toxicity of renal proximal tubule cells","volume":"149","author":"Takata","year":"2024","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1039\/C4LC01219D","article-title":"Measuring direct current trans-epithelial electrical resistance in organ-on-a-chip microsystems","volume":"15","author":"Odijk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1177\/2211068214561025","article-title":"TEER measurement techniques for in vitro barrier model systems","volume":"20","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Lab. Autom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1039\/D1LC00789K","article-title":"Spatial trans-epithelial electrical resistance (S-TEER) integrated in organs-on-chips","volume":"22","author":"Renous","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1039\/c2lc40074j","article-title":"Human gut-on-a-chip inhabited by microbial flora that experiences intestinal peristalsis-like motions and flow","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-01798-2","article-title":"BBB-on-a-chip with integrated micro-TEER for permeability evaluation of multi-functionalized gold nanorods against Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"Palma-Florez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1039\/D3LC00901G","article-title":"Innovative electrode and chip designs for transendothelial electrical resistance measurements in organs-on-chips","volume":"24","author":"Holzreuter","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2016.06.014","article-title":"Direct quantification of transendothelial electrical resistance in organs-on-chips","volume":"85","author":"van der Helm","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.07.110","article-title":"A versatile lab-on-a-chip tool for modeling biological barriers","volume":"222","author":"Walter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-8118-10-5","article-title":"Impedance-based cell monitoring: barrier properties and beyond","volume":"10","author":"Benson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.1039\/C7LC00155J","article-title":"Organs-on-chips with integrated electrodes for trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements of human epithelial barrier function","volume":"17","author":"Henry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2019.00474","article-title":"Impedance spectroscopy as a tool for monitoring performance in 3D models of epithelial tissues","volume":"7","author":"Gerasimenko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3791\/51300-v","article-title":"Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing for the quantification of endothelial proliferation, barrier function, and motility","author":"Szulcek","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.2000.4919","article-title":"Electric cell\u2013substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) as a noninvasive means to monitor the kinetics of cell spreading to artificial surfaces","volume":"259","author":"Wegener","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11068","DOI":"10.1021\/ac402761s","article-title":"Microfluidic Chip with integrated electrical cell-impedance sensing for monitoring single cancer cell migration in three-dimensional matrixes","volume":"85","author":"Nguyen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94282-6","article-title":"Extracellular detection of neuronal coupling","volume":"11","author":"Guzman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8111331","article-title":"hiPSCs derived cardiac cells for drug and toxicity screening and disease Modeling: what micro- electrode-Array analyses Can tell us","volume":"8","author":"Kussauer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cptx.2","article-title":"Multielectrode Array (MEA) assay for profiling electrophysiological drug effects in human stem cell-derived Cardiomyocytes","volume":"68","author":"Clements","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0510","article-title":"Sensor-integrated brain-on-a-chip platforms: improving the predictive validity in neurodegenerative research","volume":"9","author":"Spitz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioeng. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.1060895","article-title":"Integrating mechanical sensor readouts into organ-on-a-chip platforms","volume":"10","author":"Morales","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.602646","article-title":"Mechanical stimulation: a crucial element of organ-on-Chip models","volume":"8","author":"Thompson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1039\/D0LC01283A","article-title":"Mechanotransduction-on-chip: vessel-chip model of endothelial YAP mechanobiology reveals matrix stiffness impedes shear response","volume":"21","author":"Walther","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201903204","article-title":"Integrating flexible electrochemical sensor into microfluidic Chip for simulating and monitoring vascular mechanotransduction","volume":"16","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-021-00344-0","article-title":"Microengineered platforms for characterizing the contractile function of in vitro cardiac models","volume":"8","author":"Dou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.106.093302","article-title":"A novel cell force sensor for quantification of traction during cell spreading and contact guidance","volume":"93","author":"Tymchenko","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4976","DOI":"10.1039\/c2lc40338b","article-title":"Formation and Optogenetic control of engineered 3D skeletal muscle bioactuators","volume":"12","author":"Sakar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0550","article-title":"Long-term electrical and mechanical function monitoring of a human-on-a-Chip system","volume":"29","author":"Oleaga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4782","article-title":"Instrumented cardiac microphysiological devices via multimaterial three-dimensional printing","volume":"16","author":"Lind","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aat5847","article-title":"Microphysiological 3D model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) from human iPS-derived muscle cells and optogenetic motor neurons","volume":"4","author":"Osaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1188302","article-title":"Reconstituting organ-level lung functions on a Chip","volume":"328","author":"Huh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0570","first-page":"1487","article-title":"Microfluidic artificial \u201cvessels\u201d for dynamic mechanical stimulation of mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"4","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Integr. Biol. Quant. Biosci. Nano Macro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.09.192","article-title":"Microimpedance tomography system to monitor cell activity and membrane movements in a breathing lung-on-chip","volume":"255","author":"Mermoud","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-024-00719-z","article-title":"Strain sensor on a chip for quantifying the magnitudes of tensile stress on cells","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201901454","article-title":"(De)form and function: measuring cellular forces with deformable materials and deformable structures","volume":"9","author":"Obenaus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tec.2018.0290","article-title":"A high-throughput workflow to study Remodeling of extracellular matrix-based microtissues","volume":"25","author":"Cummins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part C Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13100905","article-title":"Using biosensors to study organoids, spheroids and organs-on-a-Chip: A Mechanobiology perspective","volume":"13","author":"Yousafzai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(01)75740-2","article-title":"The optical stretcher: a novel laser tool to micromanipulate cells","volume":"81","author":"Guck","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0543-3","article-title":"Brillouin microscopy: an emerging tool for mechanobiology","volume":"16","author":"Prevedel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3616","article-title":"Noncontact three-dimensional mapping of intracellular hydromechanical properties by Brillouin microscopy","volume":"12","author":"Scarcelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0051875","article-title":"Lab-on-a-chip based mechanical actuators and sensors for single-cell and organoid culture studies","volume":"129","author":"M\u00e4nnik","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.9b01097","article-title":"H-FIBER: microfluidic topographical hollow Fiber for studies of glomerular filtration barrier","volume":"6","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Cent. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6889","DOI":"10.3390\/s22186889","article-title":"Kidney-on-a-Chip: mechanical stimulation and sensor integration","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/acc35d","article-title":"A glomerulus chip with spherically twisted cell-laden hollow fibers as glomerular capillary tufts","volume":"15","author":"Dai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3390\/bios15020076","article-title":"Recent Progress in PDMS-based microfluidics toward integrated organ-on-a-Chip biosensors and personalized medicine","volume":"15","author":"Alghannam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-022-03272-8","article-title":"Real-time monitoring of immediate drug response and adaptation upon repeated treatment in a microfluidic chip system","volume":"96","author":"Zuieva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-020-0752-0","article-title":"Organ-on-a-chip: recent breakthroughs and future prospects","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Eng. Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-16590-9","article-title":"Evaluation of rapid transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurement as a metric of kidney toxicity in a high-throughput microfluidic culture system","volume":"12","author":"Shaughnessey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115271","article-title":"Organs-on-chips technologies \u2013 a guide from disease models to opportunities for drug development","volume":"231","author":"Monteduro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1039\/D4LC00437J","article-title":"Microsensor systems for cell metabolism \u2013 from 2D culture to organ-on-chip (2019\u20132024)","volume":"25","author":"Dornhof","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115247","article-title":"A digital nanoplasmonic microarray immunosensor for multiplexed cytokine monitoring during CAR T-cell therapy from a leukemia tumor microenvironment model","volume":"230","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202501105","article-title":"An integrated microfluidic biomimetic tumor-on-a-Chip for wide-range screening of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3314","DOI":"10.1007\/s11426-023-1741-6","article-title":"Vasculature-on-a-chip with stretchable sensor for recapitulating hemodynamics and electrochemical monitoring of endothelium","volume":"66","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. China Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1039\/D2LC00864E","article-title":"A photonic biosensor-integrated tissue chip platform for real-time sensing of lung epithelial inflammatory markers","volume":"23","author":"Cognetti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2024.116632","article-title":"Integrating machine learning and biosensors in microfluidic devices: a review","volume":"263","author":"Antonelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2020.08.034","article-title":"Intelligent microfluidics: the convergence of machine learning and microfluidics in materials science and biomedicine","volume":"3","author":"Galan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Matter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3122","DOI":"10.1039\/C8AY00970H","article-title":"Recent advances in an organ-on-a-chip: biomarker analysis and applications","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-0079-3","article-title":"Organs-on-chips: into the next decade","volume":"20","author":"Low","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.115030","article-title":"A tissue chip with integrated digital immunosensors: in situ brain endothelial barrier cytokine secretion monitoring","volume":"224","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24598","article-title":"Automated microfluidic platform of bead-based electrochemical immunosensor integrated with bioreactor for continual monitoring of cell secreted biomarkers","volume":"6","author":"Riahi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0715","article-title":"A heart-breast cancer-on-a-chip platform for disease Modeling and monitoring of cardiotoxicity induced by cancer chemotherapy","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/micronano.2017.25","article-title":"Detecting cell-secreted growth factors in microfluidic devices using bead-based biosensors","volume":"3","author":"Son","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2013.08.026","article-title":"Biomarkers in pharmacology and drug discovery","volume":"87","author":"Anderson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4539","article-title":"Organs-on-chips at the frontiers of drug discovery","volume":"14","author":"Esch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2020.11.009","article-title":"Organ-on-a-chip: a new paradigm for drug development","volume":"42","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.3390\/mi11040381","article-title":"Drug toxicity evaluation based on organ-on-a-chip technology: a review","volume":"11","author":"Cong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30011","DOI":"10.3390\/s151229783","article-title":"Microfluidics integrated biosensors: a leading technology towards lab-on-a-chip and sensing applications","volume":"15","author":"Luka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.3390\/bios14090425","article-title":"Revolutionizing drug discovery: the impact of distinct designs and biosensor integration in microfluidics-based organ-on-a-chip technology","volume":"14","author":"Yuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.2c00333","article-title":"Biosensors integration in blood\u2013brain barrier-on-a-chip: emerging platform for monitoring neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"7","author":"Mir","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13030357","article-title":"The use of sensors in blood-brain barrier-on-a-Chip devices: current practice and future directions","volume":"13","author":"Kincses","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2023.117319","article-title":"Sensorization of microfluidic brain-on-a-chip devices: towards a new generation of integrated drug screening systems","volume":"168","author":"Marino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Anal. Chem. TRAC"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115100","article-title":"Biosensor integrated brain-on-a-chip platforms: Progress and prospects in clinical translation","volume":"225","author":"Cecen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2019.107469","article-title":"A lung cancer-on-chip platform with integrated biosensors for physiological monitoring and toxicity assessment","volume":"155","author":"Khalid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.3390\/bios11110456","article-title":"Microfluidic-Chip-integrated biosensors for lung disease models","volume":"11","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13040439","article-title":"Optical detection of cancer cells using lab-on-a-Chip","volume":"13","author":"Garc\u00eda-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2022.116640","article-title":"Emerging tumor-on-chips with electrochemical biosensors","volume":"153","author":"Lei","year":"2022","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0795","article-title":"Review\u2014measurement and analysis of cancer biomarkers based on electrochemical biosensors","volume":"167","author":"Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-022-00447-2","article-title":"Gut-on-a-chip for exploring the transport mechanism of hg(II)","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1039\/D4LC00896K","article-title":"Sensor-integrated gut-on-a-chip for monitoring senescence-mediated changes in the intestinal barrier","volume":"25","author":"Brandauer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1039\/C8LC00129D","article-title":"Non-invasive sensing of transepithelial barrier function and tissue differentiation in organs-on-chips using impedance spectroscopy","volume":"19","author":"van der Helm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0815","article-title":"Electrochemical gut-on-Chip systems as the next generation platforms for studying mucosal redox biology","volume":"44","author":"Kaufman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Electrochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.202400188","article-title":"Gut-on-chip with integrated sensors: enables in-situ monitoring and real-time evaluation of the chip","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0825","article-title":"Gut-on-a-Chip reveals enhanced peristalsis reduces Nanoplastic-induced inflammation","volume":"21","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small Weinh. Bergstr. Ger."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2585","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.0c00076","article-title":"Heart-on-a-Chip model with integrated extra- and intracellular bioelectronics for monitoring cardiac electrophysiology under acute hypoxia","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114840","article-title":"Heart-on-a-chip platforms and biosensor integration for disease modeling and phenotypic drug screening","volume":"220","author":"Criscione","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3692","DOI":"10.1039\/C7LC00740J","article-title":"Cardiac microphysiological devices with flexible thin-film sensors for higher-throughput drug screening","volume":"17","author":"Lind","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.22835","article-title":"A microfluidic bioreactor with integrated transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurement electrodes for evaluation of renal epithelial cells","volume":"107","author":"Ferrell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10404-020-02347-1","article-title":"Real-time sensors for live monitoring of disease and drug analysis in microfluidic model of proximal tubule","volume":"24","author":"Asif","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microfluid. Nanofluid."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0855","article-title":"Transforming renal diagnosis: graphene-enhanced lab-on-a-Chip for multiplexed kidney biomarker detection in capillary blood","volume":"3","author":"Diforti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sensor Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202000479","article-title":"Simultaneous culturing of cell monolayers and spheroids on a single microfluidic device for bridging the gap between 2D and 3D cell assays in drug research","volume":"30","author":"J\u00e4rvinen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.08.043","article-title":"A microfluidically perfused three dimensional human liver model","volume":"71","author":"Rennert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0870","article-title":"The role of 3D printing in skeletal muscle-on-a-chip models: current applications and future potential","volume":"34","author":"Bao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0875","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.3390\/genes9020114","article-title":"Skin-on-a-chip: transepithelial electrical resistance and extracellular acidification measurements through an automated air-liquid Interface","volume":"9","author":"Alexander","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0880","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/mi12070816","article-title":"Barrier-on-a-Chip with a modular architecture and integrated sensors for real-time measurement of biological barrier function","volume":"12","author":"Zoio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3804","DOI":"10.1039\/D1LC00099C","article-title":"Construction of a high fidelity epidermis-on-a-chip for scalable in vitro irritation evaluation","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0890","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8837","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08879-x","article-title":"Multi-tissue interactions in an integrated three-tissue organ-on-a-chip platform","volume":"7","author":"Skardal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0895","article-title":"IP15-38 biosensor integrated multi-organ-on-a-chip platform for real-time monitoring of organoid function","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0900","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3390\/bios5020199","article-title":"Application of xCELLigence RTCA biosensor Technology for Revealing the profile and window of drug responsiveness in real time","volume":"5","author":"Kho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s10616-017-0152-x","article-title":"A novel lab-on-a-chip platform for spheroid metabolism monitoring","volume":"70","author":"Alexander","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0910","author":"Optical O2 Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0915","unstructured":"Optical pH Sensors, (n.d.). \u200bhttps:\/\/www.presens.de\/products\/ph\/sensors."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0920","unstructured":"Biosensors for measurement of glucose & lactate & glutamine & glutamate | IST AG, (n.d.). https:\/\/www.ist-ag.com\/en\/biosensors?istr=1&currency=CHF."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0925","author":"Bioreactor ResearchLineTM\u2122 \u2013 Polbionica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0930","author":"The Original Human-on-a-Chip Company | Hesperos Inc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0935","author":"Technology-dnu - Hesperos Inc. - Leader in Organ-on-a-Chip Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0940","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0106855","article-title":"Liver-on-a-chip: considerations, advances, and beyond","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomicrofluidics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0945","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1205157","article-title":"Patient-derived organoids of lung cancer based on organoids-on-a-chip: enhancing clinical and translational applications","volume":"11","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0950","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2020.11.014","article-title":"Multiorgan-on-a-chip: a systemic approach to model and decipher inter-organ communication","volume":"39","author":"Picollet-D\u2019hahan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0955","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.3390\/mi12070747","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis human organs-on-a-chip","volume":"12","author":"Ogden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0960","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.3390\/s23052491","article-title":"Potentiometric chloride ion biosensor for cystic fibrosis diagnosis and management: modeling and design","volume":"23","author":"la Grasta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0965","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2025.105863","article-title":"Enhancing drug assessment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy using organ-on-a-chip technology and nanoplasmonic biosensing of myotube integrity","volume":"53","author":"Villafranca","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0970","article-title":"Emulate liver-Chip S1 accepted into FDA\u2019S ISTAND pilot program. What\u2019s Next?","author":"Inc","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emulate"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0975","author":"Emulate Publishes Landmark Study Validating Organ-on-a-Chip Technology for Predictive Toxicology in Preclinical Development, Emulate"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0980","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-022-00209-1","article-title":"Performance assessment and economic analysis of a human liver-Chip for predictive toxicology","volume":"2","author":"Ewart","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0985","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2023.02.006","article-title":"Emerging trends in organ-on-a-chip systems for drug screening","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1039\/D1LC00689D","article-title":"Microfluidic organ-on-chip system for multi-analyte monitoring of metabolites in 3D cell cultures","volume":"22","author":"Dornhof","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb0995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s40580-024-00428-3","article-title":"SERS biosensors for liquid biopsy towards cancer diagnosis by detection of various circulating biomarkers: current progress and perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Lyu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Converg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2016.07.115","article-title":"A review of recent progress in lens-free imaging and sensing","volume":"88","author":"Roy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.3390\/mi13020328","article-title":"Microscopic imaging methods for organ-on-a-Chip platforms","volume":"13","author":"Buchanan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201900170","article-title":"3D cell culture models and organ-on-a-chip: meet separation science and mass spectrometry","volume":"41","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"ELECTROPHORESIS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1197760","article-title":"Technological advances for analyzing the content of organ-on-a-chip by mass spectrometry","volume":"11","author":"Hadavi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2810","DOI":"10.3390\/s17122810","article-title":"A study about Kalman filters applied to embedded sensors","volume":"17","author":"Valade","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1025","author":"IoT cCommunication pProtocols: OPC UA vs. MQTT | Intuz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1030","unstructured":"Guidance for iIndustry - pPart 11, eElectronic rRecords; eElectronic sSignatures \u2014 Scope and Application, (2025)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3466","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.4c00004","article-title":"From organ-on-a-Chip to human-on-a-Chip: A review of research Progress and latest applications","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1039\/D1LC01140E","article-title":"Integration of a microfluidic multicellular coculture array with machine learning analysis to predict adverse cutaneous drug reactions","volume":"22","author":"Chong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.104547","article-title":"Predicting cell behaviour parameters from glioblastoma on a chip images. A deep learning approach","volume":"135","author":"P\u00e9rez-Aliacar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3791\/61654","article-title":"Quantifying the brain metastatic tumor micro-environment using an organ-on-a chip 3D model, machine learning, and confocal tomography","author":"Oliver","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp. JoVE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Shi, C.-H. Lin, D. Reker, C. Steiger, K. Hess, J.E. Collins, S. Tamang, K. Ishida, A. Lopes, J. Wainer, A.M. Hayward, C. Walesky, W. Goessling, G. Traverso, A machine learning liver-on-a-chip system for safer drug formulation, (2022) 2022.09.05.506668. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2022.09.05.506668.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.09.05.506668"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114571","article-title":"Direct imaging and automatic analysis in tumor-on-chip reveal cooperative antitumoral activity of immune cells and oncolytic vaccinia virus","volume":"215","author":"Mencattini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1039\/D4MH01174K","article-title":"Sensor-combined organ-on-a-chip for pharmaceutical and medical sciences: from design and materials to typical biomedical applications","volume":"12","author":"Liao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Horiz."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2488","DOI":"10.3390\/s19112488","article-title":"Non-specific adsorption reduction methods in biosensing","volume":"19","author":"Lichtenberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5118","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48864-3","article-title":"Roadblocks confronting widespread dissemination and deployment of organs on chips","volume":"15","author":"Alver","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4925","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaelm.3c00706","article-title":"Wafer-scale graphene field-effect transistor biosensor arrays with monolithic CMOS readout","volume":"5","author":"Soikkeli","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Electron. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.3390\/mi13101573","article-title":"PDMS organ-on-Chip Design and fabrication: strategies for improving fluidic integration and Chip robustness of rapidly prototyped microfluidic in vitro models","volume":"13","author":"Cameron","year":"2022","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1090","first-page":"14","article-title":"An optimized methodology to achieve irreversible bonding between PDMS and polyimides for biomedical sensors","volume":"27","author":"Farooq","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eng. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.3390\/mi15091137","article-title":"Recent advances in polymer science and fabrication processes for enhanced microfluidic applications: an overview","volume":"15","author":"Alexandre-Franco","year":"2024","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1100","article-title":"Recent advancements in microfluidic-based biosensors for detection of genes and proteins: applications and techniques","volume":"19","author":"Siavashy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron. X"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17040455","article-title":"From soft lithography to 3D printing: current status and future of microfluidic device fabrication","volume":"17","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.14573\/altex.1905221","article-title":"Building blocks for a European organ-on-Chip roadmap","author":"Mastrangeli","year":"2019","journal-title":"ALTEX"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2857","DOI":"10.1039\/D1LC00241D","article-title":"Standardisation needs for organ on chip devices","volume":"21","author":"Piergiovanni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1039\/D3LC00994G","article-title":"From animal testing to in vitro systems: advancing standardization in microphysiological systems","volume":"24","author":"Reyes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1039\/C9LC01051C","article-title":"A self-calibrating and multiplexed electrochemical lab-on-a-chip for cell culture analysis and high-resolution imaging","volume":"20","author":"Gim\u00e9nez-G\u00f3mez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adsr.202300170","article-title":"Anti-fouling polymer or peptide-modified electrochemical biosensors for improved biosensing in complex media","volume":"3","author":"Saxena","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sensor Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.3390\/s16060780","article-title":"Enzyme biosensors for biomedical applications: strategies for safeguarding analytical performances in biological fluids","volume":"16","author":"Rocchitta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15062313","article-title":"Hydrophobic recovery of PDMS surfaces in contact with hydrophilic entities: relevance to biomedical devices","volume":"15","author":"Tsuzuki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s10404-019-2302-2","article-title":"Long-term hydrophilization of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for capillary filling microfluidic chips","volume":"24","author":"Jahangiri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microfluid. Nanofluid."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.202301077","article-title":"Patterning of COC polymers by middle-energy ion beams for selective cell adhesion in microfluidic devices","volume":"11","author":"Aubrecht","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110557","article-title":"Substrate stiffness alters layer architecture and biophysics of human induced pluripotent stem cells to modulate their differentiation potential","volume":"27","author":"Llewellyn","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s40580-024-00455-0","article-title":"Integration of nanobiosensors into organ-on-chip systems for monitoring viral infections","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Converg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29394","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b01583","article-title":"Chemical functionalization of Plasmonic surface biosensors: a tutorial review on issues, strategies, and costs","volume":"9","author":"Oliverio","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobme.2018.02.004","article-title":"High-throughput organ-on-a-chip systems: current status and remaining challenges","volume":"6","author":"Probst","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.589074","article-title":"Microfluidics for biotechnology: bridging gaps to Foster microfluidic applications","volume":"8","author":"Ortseifen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1180","article-title":"Transformation gap from research findings to large-scale commercialized products in microfluidic field","volume":"29","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.202201618","article-title":"Organs-on-chips: trends and challenges in advanced systems integration","volume":"9","author":"Mughal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2024.03.009","article-title":"Recommendations on fit-for-purpose criteria to establish quality management for microphysiological systems and for monitoring their reproducibility","volume":"19","author":"Pamies","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-01846-x","article-title":"Modular microfluidics for life sciences","volume":"21","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.202400550","article-title":"Adaptable manufacturing and biofabrication of Milliscale organ chips with Perfusable vascular beds","volume":"19","author":"Byrne","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1205","article-title":"Organ chip research in Europe: players, initiatives, and policies","year":"2025","journal-title":"ResearchGate"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1210","author":"NIH to Prioritize Human-Based Research Technologies, NIH Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsadv.2022.100246","article-title":"Journey of organ on a chip technology and its role in future healthcare scenario","volume":"9","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2774","DOI":"10.1039\/D3LC01125A","article-title":"High-resolution low-cost LCD 3D printing for microfluidics and organ-on-a-chip devices","volume":"24","author":"Shafique","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.3390\/mi9090461","article-title":"Low-cost, accessible fabrication methods for microfluidics research in low-resource settings","volume":"9","author":"Nguyen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1039\/D0LC00009D","article-title":"Low-cost microphysiological systems: feasibility study of a tape-based barrier-on-chip for small intestine modeling","volume":"20","author":"Winkler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0063428","article-title":"Facilitating implementation of organs-on-chips by open platform technology","volume":"15","author":"Vollertsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomicrofluidics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20200661","article-title":"Organ-on-a-chip: current gaps and future directions","volume":"50","author":"Candarlioglu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1245","author":"R. [R-K. Sen. Paul, S.5002 - 117th Congress (2021\u2212-2022): FDA Modernization Act 2.0"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2025.105896","article-title":"Commentary on FDA\u2019S shift from animal testing and implications for drug attrition \u2013 the time to act is now","volume":"162","author":"Von Keutz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1255","author":"C.A. [D-N. Sen. Booker, S.355 - 119th cCongress (2025-2026): FDA Modernization Act 3.0"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1260","article-title":"Innovative Science and Technology Approaches for New Drugs (ISTAND) Program","year":"2025","journal-title":"FDA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.07.010","article-title":"Putting science into standards workshop on standards for organ-on-chip","volume":"16","author":"Piergiovanni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941_bb1270","author":"IQMPS, IQMPS"}],"container-title":["Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0169409X26001754?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0169409X26001754?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T04:26:00Z","timestamp":1786508760000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0169409X26001754"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":254,"alternative-id":["S0169409X26001754"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941","relation":{},"ISSN":["0169-409X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0169-409X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Decoding cellular dynamics and microenvironmental responses in organ-on-chip systems through real-time sensing","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addr.2026.115941","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115941"}}